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Importance of rice in the world
Importance of rice in the world
Genetic engineering in human food
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Recommended: Importance of rice in the world
Genetic Modified Rice
Introduction
Rice is most demanded food in of Asia. For thousands of years, farmers have been cultivating rice. Actual plant breeders are still trying to improve the ability of rice to defend itself against diseases. Every day, genetic engineering is being used to achieve breeding objectives.
“Rice, maize, and wheat are the world's most important crops. Rice makes up the main food source for almost half of the world's population”
http://www.gmocompass.org/eng/grocery_shopping/crops/24.genetically_modified_rice.html
Genetically modified rice is now on its way to fields in some countries in which it has been legalized. Supporters of golden rice say it can save lives, while critics say it is little more than businesses looking for profit in developing markets.
The solution I am going to investigate is if GM golden rice safes lives and prevents world hunger as “normal” rice does not contain provitamin A. Vitamin A is not produced naturally in “normal” rice that is one of the reasons why 250 million children worldwide have a deficit in this vital vitamin. Vitamin A is not only important for vision, but also for resistance to diseases. Each year, up to 500,000 of these poor kids go blind. Even more kids die of infections because they do not get enough of the vitamin in their diet.
“This is called "hidden hunger" - enough calories, but not enough vitamins.”
http://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/technology/article/1043206/golden-rice-can-end-world-hunger
GM Golden rice (How it works)
Golden Rice is the result of genetic engineering; it offers a partial solution to a global problem, world hunger. The labor consists of introducing the necessary enzymes to enable the rice grains to process pre...
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...at:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_rice. [Accessed 15 May 2014].
AgBioForum 10(3): Crop Case Study: GMO Golden Rice in Asia with Enhanced Vitamin A Benefits for Consumers . 2014. AgBioForum 10(3): Crop Case Study: GMO Golden Rice in Asia with Enhanced Vitamin A Benefits for Consumers . [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.agbioforum.org/v10n3/v10n3a04-unnevehr.htm. [Accessed 19 May 2014].
GRAIN — Grains of delusion: Golden rice seen from the ground. 2014.GRAIN — Grains of delusion: Golden rice seen from the ground. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.grain.org/article/entries/10-grains-of-delusion-golden-rice-seen-from-the-ground. [Accessed 19 May 2014].
. 2014. . [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.greenpeace.org/international/Global/international/publications/agriculture/2013/458%20-%20Golden%20Illusion-GE-goldenrice.pdf. [Accessed 19 May 2014].
Corn, or maize, plays a vital role in many areas of the world today, and each location views and handles corn in a different way. How they manage corn can show small details about the area and culture as a whole. Not only is corn a staple today, it also had a huge presence in the ancient Native American’s lives; corn is sometimes revered as a deity and other times as a gift to the people from the Creator or a hero of the culture.
"By increasing the fertility of the land, it increases its abundance. The improvements of agriculture too introduce many sorts of vegetable foods, which, requiring less land and not more labor than corn, come cheaply to the market."
Genetic engineering has been around for many years and is widely used all over the planet. Many people don’t realize that genetic engineering is part of their daily lives and diet. Today, almost 70 percent of processed foods from a grocery store were genetically engineered. Genetic engineering can be in plants, foods, animals, and even humans. Although debates about genetic engineering still exist, many people have accepted due to the health benefits of gene therapy.
“Civilization rests on people’s ability to modify plants to make them more suitable as food, feed and fiber plants and all of these modifications are genetic” (American Association 1). This quote from the article “Statement by the AAAS Board of Directors On Labeling of Genetically Modified Foods” expresses that fact that humans have used the favorable genes of plants since the days of Gregor Mendel, the father of genetics. When plants exhibited a desirable trait, they were bred together so that more of the offspring would have that trait. Genetic Modification is manipulating the genome of the plant, but humans have been doing that for years. Modifying the genes is a more precise way to do this. Genetic Modification improves food and is safe.
gives us the right to do so. Before we go on any further, it is
Anderson, Jon C., Cheryl J. Wachenheim, and William C. Lesch. "AgBioForum 9(3): Perceptions of Genetically Modified AndOrganic Foods and Processes." AgBioForum. 2006. Web. 14 Sept. 2011.
The term GM foods or GMO (genetically-modified organisms) is most commonly used to refer to crop plants created for human or animal consumption using the latest molecular biology techniques (Whitman, 2000). These plants have been modified in the laboratory to offer desired traits such as increased resistance to herbicides or improved nutritional content. Also, genetic engineering techniques have been applied to create plants with the exact desired trait very rapidly and accurately. For example, this is done by the geneticist isolating the gene responsible for drought tolerance and inserts it into another plant. The new genetically-modified plant will now have gained drought tolerance as well.
GMO food can create healthy, nutritious food in greater quantities for the less fortunate. For example, Hadiya is a toddler, born to poor African farmers. Her eyes are a milky white. Blinded from birth because of a cataract caused by vitamin A deficiency in her diet, she will never see her parents, and it is likely that she won’t survive past five years old. This is sadly the case for thousands of African and South-East Asian children, just because they have a vitamin deficiency in their diet. Vitamin A is supplied by
Throughout the history of the human race there have been a great number of crops that were discovered, planted, and over time domesticated. Wheat in the Middle East, rice in Asia, and rye in Eastern Europe are all some of today’s staple crops that feed millions every day. Crops like these make up over 50% of the world’s total food supply. However, the third most eaten crop in the world is maize, or corn, which provides 21% of human nutrition. Today maize feeds millions across the world, but its history is different from the others.
According to scientists, genetically engineering crops contributes to their quality. Crops that have been genetically modified to have a particular trait can decrease the amount of herbicides needed for growing that crop. Additionally, genetically modified (GM) crops can help third world countries, where malnutrition is common. For example, to help diminish nutrient deficiencies in developing countries, “plans were underway to develop a golden rice that also has increased iron content”(Whitman 2). In addition, GM crops can be modified to be able to “withstand the environmental challenges of drought, disease, and insect infestation” (Swenson 1). Growing GM crops can also result in fruits and vegetables that stay fresh for a prolonged period of time and taste better.
Genetically modified (GM) foods have become omnipresent over the past decade. They are a technological breakthrough that allows humans to manipulate and add foreign genes to crops to enhance desired traits, but they have also evolved into a controversial issue, especially for Third World countries. Some people believe that GM foods not only provide larger yields to feed hungry citizens in Third World countries, but they can also be a source of great nutritional value. For example, researchers have developed a strain of golden rice containing high amounts of vitamin A and numerous other vitamins and minerals. Additionally, GM crops are laced with herbicides and pesticides, and therefore reduce the need for chemical consumption. Opponents of GM foods claim that they pose a threat to the health of consumers and that these crops could eventually cross-pollinate in an unregulated fashion or lead to the growth of superweeds and superbugs resistant to the herbicides and pesticides woven into the genetic fiber of the crops. Developed nations should promote research and monitoring from an ethical point of view and financial assistance through philanthropic ventures in order to limit environmental and health risks. They should also make sure that limited cultural displacement will result from the introduction of GM crops and that instead, a better livelihood and well-being through collaboration will emerge. Hence, GM crops should be introduced only provided that the developed nations assume the ethical and financial responsibilities for the environmental, health, and social consequences that attend this new innovation.
Before being used on humans, it was used on crops to enhance the livestock, to increase taste size and many other desirable traits in food, to make them more enticing to consumers, to make them easier to grow in certain weather conditions, and also to withstand pesticides needed to safeguard the crops. There is no proof of the long-term effects of genetic engineering. People have been worried about the effects of eating genetically engineered crops on their health, and because of the concern the Organic Trade Association doesn’t allow genetically altered products. It is an idea that has not been taken very seriously over the past decades and was only seen as a wildly imaginative miracle out of reach of scientists. Now that idea has become a very real process that seems like a dream come true to the many who see it as a miracle cure, but a nightmare to those who see it as spitting on the work of God and telling him he is now obsolete in the child bearing portion of the human life.
Golden rice: Was created by Inro Protrykys. He wanted to eliminate the deficiency of vitamin A in rural areas and under developed countries and areas. The idea was to create a production of beta-carotene., which is mainly found in gold rice plants. Beta-carotene is one of the main sources of vitamin A. By adding only two genes, a plant phytoene synthase and a bacterial phytoene desaturase, the pathway is turned back on and β-carotene consequently accumulates in the grain. This allows for more vitamin A to be present in the rice and thus bettering the amount of nutrients one will get from Golden Rice. (The Science of Golden Rice, Golden Rice Project, 23 April 2014, http://www.goldenrice.org/Content2-How/how1_sci.php)
We live in a world that is constantly changing and advancing thanks to technological advancements, especially in the field of molecular genetics. Today, we are discovering and implementing new ways to overcome the ill-fated symptoms developed as a result from poor health or accidents. We are also making advancements in the field of agriculture thanks to molecular genetics. As we all know, food is an essential entity in our lives and is abundant as well as relatively easy to obtain here in the United States. However, as good as it may sound, this is not necessarily true for developing countries. Many people in developing countries receive very little food, if any, due to its scarcity. It is estimated that in Asia alone, close to 800 million people go to bed hungry every night due to food shortage. This problem can be alleviated by turning to the production of genetically modified organisms (a.k.a. GMOs).
Genetic engineering increases the agricultural economy, the yields of agricultural produce, and also causes negative effects on the ecosystem. Genetic engineering enhances plant resistance to drought, salinity, disease, pests and herbicides. The aim is to try and enhance the growth, productivity, nutrient value, and chemical composition of the plants. Chemicals are constantly being developed or improved to enhance the competitiveness and adaptability of crops, and to kill the parasites and weeds that plague the agricultural sector. . This however is not always good as the plant and the pests then become resistant to these new chemicals, defeating the purpose of it being used.