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A level agriculture projects high school topics on maize
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Domestication of Maize
Throughout the history of the human race there have been a great number of crops that were discovered, planted, and over time domesticated. Wheat in the Middle East, rice in Asia, and rye in Eastern Europe are all some of today’s staple crops that feed millions every day. Crops like these make up over 50% of the world’s total food supply. However, the third most eaten crop in the world is maize, or corn, which provides 21% of human nutrition. Today maize feeds millions across the world, but its history is different from the others.
A surprising fact is that most of the corn we produce in the United States is not actually eaten. In 2008 the United States produced a total of 12.1 million bushels of maize. Of that 5.2 million was used as livestock feed, 3.6 million for ethanol production, 1.8 million for exporting, .9 million for production of starch, sweeteners, high fructose corn syrup, and oils, and finally .3 million for human consumption in grits, flour, alcohol, etc.
Maize also has uses beyond being used as a food source or being turned into oil. Maize’s main use is for food, but it can be used in creative ways. For example the popped kernels of maize, commonly referred to as ‘popcorn’ is seasoned and coated in different ways in order to make the ethnic foods of Vietnam and Peru. Corn is also used to create basic alternative medicines and herbal supplements using the corn silk, but this use is not often capitalized on. The starches from maize are a major source of material for products like plastics, fabrics, and adhesives. Also a by-product from the maize ‘wet milling’ process called ‘corn step liquor’ is of a major use to the biochemical industry because it is a perfect culture to grow many kinds of m...
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...here has been. The 8,700 year old dating also coincides with the approximate age of maize domestication given by genealogists.
The story of maize domestication is not only an interesting topic to us today, but an impressive realization on how hard it was for people living thousands of years ago to find food for themselves. The people living in modern day Mexico eight thousand, seven hundred years ago found a crop that was not much more than a stick with small pods that could be pried off for a small reward of nutrients. However, with that plant they created one of the most useful foods today because of thousands of years of artificial breeding and domestication. Maize is an extremely useful crop that is easy to grow, and gives giant harvests thanks to the experimentation and instinct of our ancestors, and the act of artificial selection over the passage of time.
Corn tortillas are a very important component of the Mexican and Central American diet. They date back several thousands of years. However, there is no clear record of their origin. According to the Mayan creation legend, when the gods decided to create man they tried using different materials but the only material that worked was corn. Quetzalcoatl descended to Mictlán, the place of the dead. From there, he took some bones and went to the goddess, Coatlicue. The goddess grinded the bones together with corn, creating the dough that Quetzalcoatl turned into humans, thus Mayan men are “men of corn”. As the story demonstrates, there is a strong emphasis on corn and its by-products in this region. Ultimately, tortillas partake in several components of the biocultural framework that affect the nutritional status of this population.
Currently it is estimated that the diversity of plants in the world exceeds 250 000 species, of which only 7000 are cultivated by humans as food, fiber, medicine, forage, with a greater or lesser degree of domestication, excluding ornamental plants, which could reach more than 28,000 cultivated species, although their number continues to increase (Khoshbakht and Hammer, 2008). Of these crops, the most important are cereals and their domestication took place several thousand years ago and probably some ornamental species that accompanied them became part of the crops that the first cloned human populations with aesthetic concerns (Heywood , 2002).
Corn is one of the principle agricultures in the United States. King corn is a documentary film made by two college students Ian Cheney and Curt Ellis. They made this documentary in order to know more about the importance of the agriculture in American life. In fact, the interest of the two students in corn agriculture originated after the shocking results which show that the body of American people is made of corn. Moreover, the two students discovered that all products in American markets are made by corn, including meets where lambs, pigs, and chickens are fed by corn.
...ever that Mother Earth will return the favor. Through all my findings and research, I have developed a conclusion to my own question, “is corn for food or fuel?” I can now answer this question with knowledge and reason; Corn is intended for food!
Fast food consumption is taking America by a storm and it is for the sake of our lives. Fast food relies heavily on industrialized corn because of how cheap and easy to grow it is. With that being said, animals are being fed with corn rather than being fed with grass. In the Omnivore’s Dilemma, Rich Blair who runs a “cow-calf” operation s...
Thesis: Genetically modified organisms have the potential to benefit the field of agriculture as they are continuing to make advancements that should not be hindered. GMO foods should be supported because they are safer, since they utilize fewer herbicides and pesticides, produce larger yields that can reduce world poverty, and can help fight vitamin deficiencies and malnutrition.
There are many positive views on the genetic altering of corn. Consumers always look for the shiny, beautiful food with delicious taste. By genetically engineering corn, it can become sweeter and have a better overall appearance. (16) Along with this pleasing appearance, comes its improved resistance for insects, disease, and other pests. This means that new forms of corn now possesses the ability to overcome pests and even weeds that once weakened or killed the young plants. As a result, corn can be grown where there used to be a lot of infestation. (13) In the process, this would also kill insects. Furthermore, corn has more nutritional benefits. Corn now has additional vitamins and minerals because of genetic engineering to provide greater
In the United States, the culture of maize includes uses for technology, agriculture, and medical needs but not for religious or spiritual purposes. On the other hand, Mexico uses maize for more religious and spiritual purposes. In the Mexican culture, Mexicans consider themselves the “children of corn” and worship three corn gods. Moreover, corn stalks were common patterns in ancient Mexican art. Older history of the significance of maize was found in a cave in Puebla, Mexican dating back 7,000 years. In today’s culture, people in Mexico rely on corn as a source of food and make use of every aspect of the stock such as using it for fuel and building materials. 24
A common food, corn, has been genetically modified, as stated before. The sweet corns genetics have been altered in such
For Mexicans, maize is not a crop, but a deep cultural symbol for daily life. Maize is now grown all over the world. Corn is commonly found in the United States in comparison to the shapes, sizes, and colors of the traditional maize varieties by the people of Mexico. Statistics show that, according to the website, calstatela.edu, The United States purchases over 70% of Mexico’s agricultural exports. Corn may length from a couple of inches to a foot long, in colors that include yellow, red, white, brown, blue, and black. Corn is attached to the daily lives of the peasants and indigenous people of Mexico. As the basic grain, it shapes daily meals, and it’s growing cycle influences the timing of festivals and holiday events. In addition, Corn
Is corn the future of the world? Will our human race develop an immunity and need for corn? Nations across the world are turning to cheaper, unhealthy ideas using subsidies such as corn. Since corn is cheap and useful to the agricultural businesses, our world has lost respect for one’s health. Monocropping corn is a growing problem creating health issues and destroying our fragile ecosystems; therefore, the only solution is change.
The industrial and pastoral food chains follow two separate ideas of how food is agriculturally farmed. Science is a huge role in one of the differences between these two food chains. In industrial farming farmers use genetically modified seeds where corn is the most popular genetically modified seed. These genetically modified seeds have helped improve the health of crops by fighting against insects that pose a potential harm to the crops. Genetic modifications have been made to corn seeds to also stop corn from reproducing on its own because if it reproduces on its own, it will put seed companies out of
The world population has topped six billion people and is predicted to double in the next fifty years. Ensuring an adequate food supply for this booming population is going to be a major challenge in the years to come (Burghart). Genetically Modified (GM) corn is extremely beneficial to both farmers and consumers. Genetic engineering is a laboratory technique used by scientists to change the DNA of living organisms. GM corn can benefit farmers by decreasing costs and increasing crop yields. The new super corn can benefit consumers by producing healthier, more nutritious, and more organic corn. Genetic engineers believe that science breakthroughs, like this one, will solve the worldwide dilemma of starvation and hunger.
Securing enough food to feed not only the human population but the livestock which supports us, has been an ever growing concern. The United Nations estimates more than 900 million people worldwide are undernourished and expects this to worsen by 2050 when the Earth’s population increases by 50%. GM varieties of crops such as corn and soybeans offer better yields and increased resistance to pests than non-GM varieties. In addition, GM crops offer other advantages including increased resistance to disease, drought, cold climate, and pests and herbicides. With such enhancements, we have a greater chance at sustaining conventional methods of agriculture and cattle-breeding while conserving precious resources to secure our future for generations to
Maize or corn (Zea mays L.) is a plant belonging to the family of grasses (Poaceae). It is one of three major cereal crops worldwide. It now used as diversified value added consumptions as specialty corn. Popcorn is one of them and popularized as high fibre, healthy and nutritious snack throughout the world. All the commercially grown varieties of popcorn in India are composite varieties viz., Amber popcorn, Jawahar popcorn and VL popcorn with low yield with less popping quality (1). Estimative from TPMGTA (The Popcorn Maize Growers’ and Traders’ Association) pointed out that around 25,000 tonnes of popcorn were imported in 2012-13 mostly from Argentina and the U.S. which is much less than the demand around 50,000 tonnes of popcorn per annum (Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, Government of India, New Delhi). The present scenario of single cross hybrids in maize has increased the productivity of maize at 134 kg/ha/annum (Biology of Zea mays, Ministry of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India). Looking to this, there is a need to improve popcorn populations and develop single cross hybrid for high grain yield with better quality.