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The advantages and disadvantages of cooperative learning
Teaching strategies in education
Effective teaching and curriculum
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In every classroom, instructional activities are aimed at accomplishing different goals. Effective teaching strategies are a desired future state of demonstrating competence or mastery in the subject area being taught. This aim specifies the ways in which students will interact with each other and the teacher during instructional session. Each strategies has its place. The teacher decides which strategies to implement with each lesson.
Marzano, in his book Classroom instruction that works-research-based strategies for increasing student achievement suggested several strategies that are effective in teaching a lesson. For example, cooperative learning, setting objectives and giving feedback, homework and practice.
Cooperative Learning
Cooperative learning is the instructional use of small groups so that students work together to maximize their own and each other’s learning. The group encouraged each person and provides opportunities for application, rehearsal and discussion of content material after the completion of instruction. Learning in groups motivate students to take enorm...
In order for effective cooperative learning to occur five essential elements are needed; positive interdependence, face-to-face interactions, individual accountability, social skills and group processing. (Johnson, 1999, p. 70-71). Social skills being the foundation to achieving all other elements required, without this set of skills the individual learner will find it difficult to cooperate with others. Thompson (1996) “social skills are paramount to applying cooperative learning to academic tasks” (p. 84).
.Using teaching strategies that connect with individual student’s learning strategies. The ultimate goal is to provide a learning environment that will maximize the potential for student success. By taking diverse student factors into account when planning and delivering instruction.
Instructional Strategies that are using are direct instruction, lecture, collaboration, exit Slips, K-W-L report, need analysis, reflection, graphic organizer, response cards. My direct instruction includes learning goal/s for the day, modeling a process in Microsoft, checking for understanding and providing feedback. My lectures focus students on the critical information in the book.
Best Practice strategies are necessary to incorporate into daily lessons because they are researched measures that have been proven to work effectively. If used properly, best practices can help instructors better their craft of teaching, while, in return, students become better learners.
Lang, H., Evans, D.(2006). Models, Strategies, and Methods for Effective Teaching. USA, Pearson Education Inc.
Question: Discuss in detail ways that teachers can set up the learning environment in order to maximise teaching and learning, and the advantages and disadvantages that belong with such implementation.
In order to be an effective teacher there needs to be an understanding that we all learn differently, this means that no single teaching strategy is effective for all students/learners all the time. This makes teaching a complex process because you need to understand and meet the requirements of all of your learners. Students learn best when they aren’t asked to simply memorise information but when they form their own understandings of what is being taught. When a student has successfully learnt a new idea they are able to then intergrate this information with their previously learnt information and make sense of it. To be an effective teacher you need to work jointly with students to asses where they are at, be able to give feedback on how the student is going and ensure that they are understanding the lesson (Killen, 2013) According to Lovat and Smith (2003) students learning must result in a change in a student’s understanding of the information being taught. In order to show understanding they must be able to share this information with others and want to learn more (Killen, 2013). In order to have a deeper understanding of what is being taught they need to be aware of the relationship that exists between what they knew previously and the new information that is being learned (Killen, 2013).. Students need to be given goals that they can achieve in order to feel a sense of mastery over their own learning, this gives students motivation that they are able to complete tasks and to keep going.
Henry Mintzberg (1994) refers strategy to a plan, pattern, position and an action implemented to derive at a desired result. It can also be defined as a set of rules and regulations to be followed to achieve at the targeted goal. The term ‘Teaching Strategy’ can be defined as “a set of rules and regulations to be followed by the teachers to achieve the desired goal”. This also acts as a guide to determine the nature and direction of the learners. It is also a combination of thoughts, ideas, insights, experiences, goals, perceptions and expectations that provides general guidance for teaching. Teaching strategy can therefore be called as a method adopted in the classroom, by the teachers to deliver information to the students, this methodology
Building self-esteem, enhancing student satisfaction with the learning experience, and promoting a positive attitude toward the subject matter are all benefits of collaborative learning. A higher degree of accomplishment takes place as a group because you essentially are a team. An example of this is a sports team. In a collaborative situation it takes every member to do his or her part in order for a situation to have a greater resolution; as where a sports team needs everybody’s individual talent to win a game. In retrospect, as a group; the contributions of our own talents can make the difference between a “win or Lose situation” it gives you a sense of competition, and knowing that you can win as a group; self esteem in one’s self is accentuated. Johnson and Johnson (1989), Slavin (1967). Another benefit to collaborative learning is based on the members of your group. Every individual in the group demonstrates their own input based on where they were born, what nationality they are so on and so on. The benefit of this is that you get a different perspective on things rather than always knowing what you know. You can take information from other cultures and add or apply it to what you already know.
Collaborative learning is an educational approach that involves groups of learners working together to reach a consensus through negotiation to solve a problem, complete a task, or create a product (Bruffee, 1993). Learning occurs through active engagement among peers, wherein the main characteristics of collaborative learning are: a common task or activity; small group learning, co-operative behaviour; interdependence; and individual responsibility and accountability (Lejeune, 2003).
They also stated that cooperative learning is based on the idea that students lean thorough social contexts (Adams and Hamm, 1994). In this case study the research is based on active learning through examining the relationship between student’s involvement in cooperative learning and academic achievement with undergraduates. There were some important background points in cooperative learning. One point that Tasy, and Brady (2010) made was that cooperative learning is a valuable tool
Collaborative and cooperative learning promotes student learning through group-oriented activities. Collaborative learning is a method of teaching and learning in which student teams will work together to create a meaningful multimedia project. Cooperative learning, which will be the primary focus of this paper, is a specific kind of collaborative learning. In cooperative learning, students work together in small groups on a structured activity. Cooperative groups will work face-to-face and will learn to work as a team. The multimedia project will allow all students to benefit from gaining a deeper knowledge of the multimedia matters through communication with their peers and building relationships among their peers of different ethnic, backgrounds, learning abilities and gender.
The second step in developing an engaging lesson is to focus on the instructional strategies used to help the students understand the material. It is at this point, the teacher decides what activities they will use to help address the “big ideas” or the “essential questions”.
Killen, R. (2007). Effective Teaching Strategies, Lessons from Research and Practice. (4th .ed). South Melbourne: Thomson.