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Revenge as a theme in literature
Character analysis hamlet
Consider Shakespeare's treatment of the theme of Revenge in Hamlet
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“Revenge is a dish best served cold.” This famous saying is an ancient proverb that has been carried out for centuries. The phrase describes that the best payback is one that comes with planning; revenge is bringing the most horrendous pain to your enemies when they are least expecting it. In the play Hamlet, written by William Shakespeare, Hamlet discovers that his uncle, Claudius, poisoned his father, late King Hamlet, in order to steal his crown. Not only did his uncle usurp his father’s throne, but he married Hamlet’s mother, Queen Gertrude, as well. After meeting a ghost that claimed to be his father, Hamlet is instructed by the ghost to commit vengeance on his uncle. Hamlet is furious about the cases regarding: murder, incest, betrayal, and deceitfulness, that he is quick to follow through with his orders. Revenge is a dominant theme portrayed throughout Hamlet, influencing the trust between characters, resulting in downfalls and deaths.
The tragedy Hamlet revolves around three major families. Each one of the eldest sons in the family had one thing in common, they wanted revenge for a slaughtered father. Hamlet’s main goal was to make his uncle suffer more than his father, so that his revenge would be complete. In Act 3, Scene 3, Hamlet had the perfect opportunity to kill Claudius, but because of Hamlet’s religious beliefs, he hesitated. Since Claudius was praying, Hamlet decided to wait for a time when Claudius was committing a sin to execute him instead. Hamlet believed that the action you were committing right before death, would determine if you entered heaven or hell. He did not favor the idea of Claudius entering heaven, so he decided to kill, “when he is drunk asleep, or in his rage, Or in th' incestuous pleasure o...
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...s him new ruler of Denmark before he dies,and Fortinbras regains all of his father's lost land, and becomes King of Denmark. Fortinbras ends victoriously!
Since the fathers’ of the three major families were all murdered, the eldest sons of these families all swore vengeance. But unfortunately, due to lack of intelligence and acting while angered and clueless, two of the three sons died. As a theme, revenge was present in all parts of the play. It is ironic that Claudius, Laertes, and Hamlet all died of the same sword. Revenge was the driving force behind three of the main characters of the play, for two it led to downfall, and for the other it led to greatness. Hamlet is a great example in reminding us not to intent revenge, because it will only hurt us in the end. Instead, the best revenge is to strive for one’s personal best and reach success.
Hamlet contains three plots of revenge throughout the five acts of the play. Young Hamlet, after getting a shocking realization from his father’s ghost, wants to enact a plot of revenge against his uncle. Laertes, who was struck twice in quick succession by the death of his father and sister, wants to kill Hamlet. Away in Norway, Fortinbras wants to take revenge on the entire nation of Denmark for taking his father’s land and life. These three sons all want the same thing, vengeance, but they go about it in wildly different ways, but as Lillian wilds points out, “he also sees himself in the mirrors of Fortinbras [and] Laertes.”(153) It becomes clear that the parallels presented throughout the play are there to further illuminate the flaws of
Throughout the history of Literature, writing has become more complex. One will see the idea of revenge in many great pieces. If one were to take a glance at modern society you will see that vengeance and greed is destroying large communities over time, populations, and even entire civilizations. Revenge and greed has the power to turn a complete civil man into a total savage and Shakespeare showed the reader in one of his most popular fine works called Hamlet. Hamlet is dealing with a character who goes through a change from college student to a bloodthirsty character looking for vengeance. Even though the character loses sight of who he is and who he really avenging in the end he feels that he is complete. There is also another character who is being overwhelmed with greed that he would kill his own blood for the right of the crown and fortune. The reader’s will see that revenge and greed plays a main role and that they complement each other and Shakespeare would use this to his advantage when writing this play. Throughout the play readers will realize Shakespeare’s creativness to use vengeance, death and insanity to emotionally drive his characters to their death or to their prosperity.
Shakespeare weakens the logic of revenge by representing revenge as an “inward tragic event” (Byles). This tragic event is backed by the destructive family relationships that as a whole wear down Hamlet, ultimately destroying him. This hate and destructiveness in the end consume Hamlet, and carry him toward his death. Hamlet is the perfect example of the destruction and self-sacrifice of a tragic hero as the socialized and self-superego come together and the demands of each are met....
His belief is that if Claudius were to die during confession, Claudiuss' spirit would ascend to heaven and Hamlet will not accept this. Hamlet figures he will wait until "He is drunk asleep, or in his rage, or in th'incestuous pleasure of his bed, at game a-swearing, or about some act that has no relish of salvation in't, then trip him". (80) Hamlet's obvious plan is to wait until Claudius sins, and then avenge his father. This move cost Hamlet his life. Hamlet's previous decision was based upon his belief in divine purposes.
An Eye for an eye, measure for measure, ill will; these are all ways of saying revenge, and it is clear that Shakespeare knows a thing or two about the concept of revenge. This theme is clearly illustrated all throughout Shakespeare’s renowned play, Hamlet. The plotting of revenge can be seen most clearly through the eyes of Hamlet, Laertes, and Fortinbras. All three of these men are seeking to avenge their fathers, but not all of them go about it in the same way. Shakespeare shows us how these men have different ideas on how revenge should be taken and when it should be taken.
As we see in both stories, revenge is not an easy task to complete. Hamlet encountered many obstacles on the way to enacting his revenge. Hamlet reveals that promising the act of vengeance to oneself, or to the actual victim itself, creates an amplified need to carry out their plans. Hamlet, who swore to his father's ghost that he will kill Claudius for revenge, states:
In the play Hamlet, there were four revengers, Hamlet himself, Laertes, Fortinbras, and Pyrrhus. However, Hamlet and Laertes will be my main focus on examining Shakespeare’s depiction of revenge. Hamlet is the Prince of Denmark, the son of the old King Hamlet. He is very melancholy, and bitter, full of hatred for his uncle’s usurpation. Laertes in the other hand is the son of Polonius. His character is very passionate but contrasts for the reflective Hamlet. These two characters have many comparisons in seeking revenge after the death of their fathers. Although each has the same intentions the outcomes are dissimilar.
“Hamlet decides to test Claudius’ guilt and the authenticity of the ghost; he will stage a performance of a play, which will reproduce Claudius’ crime and observe his reaction to it”(Durband p.304). This plan was successful because Claudius broke down during the performance. Hamlet now knows Claudius is the murderer, and the ghost was actual his father. Hamlet has a perfect opportunity to achieve his revenge when he accidentally comes upon the guilt-ridden Claudius alone in prayer. Again he rationalizes himself into delay, this time on the grounds that his revenge would not be horrible enough as Claudius penitence might save his soul from hell.
Revenge is a major theme throughout William Shakespeare’s play, Hamlet. This theme provides motivation for characters to murder each other throughout the play, whether or not characters seek revenge for themselves. Because Laertes and Hamlet are so absorbed with wanting to exact revenge upon certain people, they ultimately cause the deaths of all of the main characters in the play. Revenge is the main root of evil in this play.
Hamlet is unlike the other two characters in the way that he uses reason and logic before he acts and decides to kill his uncle, Claudius, because he is aware of the consequences. For example, when Hamlet is trying to determine how he can prove Claudius the murderer, after conversing with the players about the play, following Hamlet’s reasoning that the ghost could be a devil trying to deceive him, in his soliloquy he states, “I’ll observe his looks… If he do blench, / I know my course… I’ll catch the conscience of the King.” (II, ii, 625-634). He reattaches himself to his revenge based on the logic of Claudius’ guilt. If Claudius does not feel guilty and has no reaction to the play, Hamlet will not act because logically Claudius was not to blame. Subsequently, Hamlet discovers that Claudius is guilty and commits himself to taking his life, but when Hamlet approaches Claudius and sees him praying he thinks to himself, he shouldn’t kill him there saying, “That would be scanned:/ A villain kills my father, and for that, / I, his sole son, do this same villain send/ to heaven… this is… not revenge.” (III, iii, 80-84). As Hamlet over thinks his actions he reasons himself out of killing Claudius because he compares how Claudius would die, to his father’s death. By over thinking this he stalls and has more time to think about w...
In the play Hamlet by William Shakespeare, the theme of revenge is very palpable as the reader examines the characters of Hamlet himself, as well as Laertes, son of Polonius, and Fortinbras, prince of Norway and son of the late King Fortinbras. Each of these young characters felt the need to avenge the deaths of their fathers who they felt were untimely killed at the bloody hands of their murderers. However, the way each chose to go about this varies greatly and gives insight into their characters and how they progress throughout the play. Hamlet, Laertes and Fortinbras are similar in the fact that each had love, or at least respect, their fathers. Enough to make an attempt to wreak revenge upon their fathers murderers at the risk of their own reputation, freedom, and souls.
Revenge is a recurring theme in Hamlet. Although Hamlet wants to avenge his father’s death, he is afraid of what would result from this. In the play Hamlet, Hamlet’s unwillingness to revenge appears throughout the text; Shakespeare exhibits this through Hamlet’s realization that revenge is not the right option, Hamlet‘s realization that revenge is the same as the crime which was already committed, and his understanding that to revenge is to become a “beast” and to not revenge is as well (Kastan 1).
In the play, Hamlet seeks revenge on his uncle Claudius. Claudius killed Hamlet’s dad and then married his mom to become the leader of Denmark. Later in the play, Hamlet sees his dad’s ghost and is informed of the horrific act committed by his uncle. Hamlets’ dad’s ghost says, “Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder” (I. V. 25). Hamlets’ dad says this to Hamlet so that his uncle could get retribution for his action. Hamlet has many opportunities to kill Claudius but is unable because of the wrong timing. While Claudius is praying, Hamlet has an opportunity to slay him but doesn’t because if he killed him in his prayers he will make him go to heaven instead of hell. Another minor reason for Hamlet’s revenge against his uncle is his affection towards his mother. As the play progresses, we are able to determine that Hamlet’s relationship with his mom is close to incest status. With this information, we are able ...
Revenge almost always has the makings of an intriguing and tragic story. William Shakespeare’s Hamlet is a perfect example of how revenge unfolds and what it unveils. The play tells the story of Hamlet, the prince of Denmark. Claudius, Hamlet’s uncle, marries his mother soon after his father’s death. Hamlet greatly disapproves of the hasty marriage and suspects foul play. His suspicions are confirmed when the ghost of his father appears and tells him that Claudius murdered him. Hamlet’s father asks him to take revenge upon Claudius, and soon everything takes a drastic change. The courses of revenge throughout Hamlet surround each character with corruption, obsession, and fatality.