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Sierra Morales-Hallmark Mr. Stewart Geometry P3 April 13th, 2015 Extra Credit Research Project Zeno of Elea was a greek philosopher circa 490-430 bc, and is best known for his discovery of and work with a series of paradoxes concerning infinity and infinitesimals. It is said that Aristotle considered him the inventor of the dialectic. While his work is referenced often in both current and ancient writings, none of his written work is actually still in existence. His first thesis, however, has been paraphrased as “If being is many, it must be both like and unlike, and this is impossible, for neither can the like be unlike, nor the unlike like." Zeno produced no less than 40 arguments revealing contradiction, though only nine are widely known. He is best known for what are now referred to as Zeno’s Paradoxes. Zeno’s Paradoxes are a set of philosophical problems that address and support Parmenides’ doctrine that is based around the belief that plurality and change are mistaken, and the motion is merely an illusion. The purpose of Zeno’s paradoxes is best known the be "To show that their hypothesis that …show more content…
The Achilles and Tortoise paradox refers to the idea that Achilles, despite his incredible speed, is incapable of catching a head-start tortoise because by the time Achilles catches up to any given goal position the tortoise will have moved f beyond that position. The Dichotomy paradox refers to the idea that prior to travelling a certain given distance, an object must travel a distance d/2. The Arrow paradox refers to the idea that a flying arrow has an ‘instantaneous position’ at a specific moment in time. In that moment, it is ‘indistinguishable from a motionless arrow in the same position’. Lastly, a Stade paradox is a paradox that is raised from the assumption that both time and space can be divided by one and only one definite
According to the notes from class, true paradox is defined as two ideas or principles that seem irreconcilable with each other, but prove on closer scrutiny, simultaneously valid. The theory of paradox is recommended to address and remove the ineffectiveness of opposing viewpoints. The benefit of the theory of paradox is that it seeks to recognize and value all perspectives. It also encourages using the effective aspects of all perspectives.
In order to understand the concept of Moore’s Paradox, we must first assess and understand the behavior of logical and performative contradictions. Credited for devising and examining this paradox, George Edward Moore, a British philosopher who taught at the University of Cambridge and studied ethics, epistemology, and metaphysics describes the paradox in its omissive and commissive forms in which we will discuss thoroughly. I will then express my standpoint on which solution is the most optimal choice for Moore’s Paradox in order to analyze and explain why I believe my solution is superior to other solutions. I will also discuss any issues that arise
For those Pre-Socratics who picked not to join the Eleatic camp, the new test was to accommodate Parmenides' thoroughly contended dismissal of progress and assortment with the clearly changing and fluctuated universe of sense experience. Dissimilar to the Eleatics, these philosophers, the pluralists, were not arranged to surrender
... the event beyond what seems logically feasible. Disorder will grow from order, and more disorder from that. What is a cat other than energy arranged in a specific order? Should that order not be able to rearrange itself into some other form? Objectively observing is a paradox in itself because by observing something, it is already changed from its natural state. Paralleled realities may or may not exist, but it really makes you think about how much it really matters whether you take a deep breath or a shallow one. And, maybe, someday the Cheshire Cat of Wonderland will be more than a mere fantasy.
-(5 point): The definition of paradox is a statement that contradicts itself. For example: “Life is too important to be taken seriously” -”Oscar Wilde”(A quote by Oscar Wilde (Goodreads).This is a paradox because usually if something is important you’re supposed to take it seriously, Wilde is contradicting this by saying life is so important that it just needs be lived, not thought about.
Aristotle, this paradox would not be so if it were not taken that time were
In 1950, a man, Enrico Fermi, during a lunch break conversation he causally asked his co-workers an interesting question, “where is everybody”. (Howell, 2014) By which he meant, since there are over a million planets which are proficient enough to support life and possibly some sort of intelligent species, so how come no one has visited earth? This became known as The Fermi Paradox, which came from his surname and two Greek words, para meaning contrary and Doxa meaning opinion, about a 100 years ago. (Webb 2002) A paradox arises when you set undisputable evidence and then a certain conclusion contradicts the idea. For example, Fermi realized that extra-terrestrials have had a large amount of time to appear
The paradox arises due to a number of assumptions concerning knowledge, inquiry and definition made by both Socrates and Meno. The assumptions of Socrates are:
A paradox stems from a statement that apparently contradicts itself yet might still be true. In most cases logical paradoxes are essentially known to be invalid but are used anyways to promote critical thinking. The Raven’s paradox is an example of a paradox that essentially goes against what most logical paradoxes stand for in that it tries to make a valid claim through inductive logic. Carl Hempel is known for his famous accepting of this paradox with minor adjustments by the use of the contraposition rule. In this paper, however, I argue that Hempel’s solution to the Raven’s paradox is actually unsuccessful because he fails to take into account a possible red herring that serves as evidence against his solution. Irvin John Good is responsible for the formulation of the red herring argument as he tries to prove that the observation of a black raven can potentially negate the Raven’s paradox as valid. In addition to Good’s claim, Karl Popper and his view of falsificationism also functions as evidence to reject Hempel’s solution. Using Popper’s view as a basis, Israel Scheffler and Nelson Goodman formulate the concept of selective confirmation to reject the contraposition rule used by Hempel. Based off of all of the rejections that Hempel’s solution has it can clearly be seen that the Raven’s paradox has flaws that principally lead it to it being invalid.
Rene Descartes decision to shatter the molds of traditional thinking is still talked about today. He is regarded as an influential abstract thinker; and some of his main ideas are still talked about by philosophers all over the world. While he wrote the "Meditations", he secluded himself from the outside world for a length of time, basically tore up his conventional thinking; and tried to come to some conclusion as to what was actually true and existing. In order to show that the sciences rest on firm foundations and that these foundations lay in the mind and not the senses, Descartes must begin by bringing into doubt all the beliefs that come to him by the senses. This is done in the first of six different steps that he named "Meditations" because of the state of mind he was in while he was contemplating all these different ideas. His six meditations are "One:Concerning those things that can be called into doubt", "Two:Concerning the Nature of the Human mind: that it is better known than the Body", "Three: Concerning God, that he exists", "Four: Concerning the True and the False", "Five: Concerning the Essence of Material things, and again concerning God, that he exists" and finally "Six: Concerning the Existence of Material things, and the real distinction between Mind and Body". Although all of these meditations are relevant and necessary to understand the complete work as a whole, the focus of this paper will be the first meditation.
Zeno of Elea was a mathematician who is known for introducing a number of intelligent and original paradoxes. A paradox is a statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth. Zeno was not only a Greek mathematician but also a Greek philosopher and wrote books about the paradoxes that he discovered. His paradoxes continue to stump intelligent people from Aristotle done to people in the present day. Not only did Zeno’s paradoxes contribute to him being considered a mathematician but also his rich background. Little is known about Zeno himself but the information we do know comes from either the manuscript “Parmenides” written by Plato or Aristotle.
To conclude, Zeno argued very well about his views concerning motion. His antinomies may seem absurd at first, but after a clear understanding they seem very logical. The arrow argument certainly had some critics but Zeno responded to those critics very well and was successful in arguing against the existence of motion.
Zeno of Elea was the next person who attempted to prove irrational numbers by challenging the Pythagorean mathematics as well. He lived from 490BC to 430BC. Zeno had influence from Socrate...
Finally, the theory of Ideas reaches new height in the Sophists. The theory of Ideas in this work is a new concept because he redefines and extends it. The Sophist presents that there are hierarchy of Ideas and the whole complex of Ideas in defining the meaning of Sophistry. There are five categories of the sophist: motion and rest, sameness, difference, being, and non-being. Plato uses logos to define the meaning of each of the categories in which the being is dynamic and there is relationship among them which unity is important.