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Effects on Native Americans post colonization
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Christopher Columbus set sail across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492 to discover the West Indies. What he stumbled upon would become known as the New World. After Columbus’s discoveries, Europe sent explorers such as Magellan and Cortes to discover new land and to fulfill their curiosity from the Renaissance, gain money and revenue, and gain fame and fortune. From 1400 to 1700 C.E. the world went trough the Age of Exploration. This was a time of new trade methods, routes and exploration. These explorers discovered new trade routes and land, but what they did when the lands were discovered is unthinkable. Due to what they had done, the Europeans from the Age of Exploration should not be glorified and celebrated in the modern times because they created …show more content…
The spanish were cruel to the Native Americans and caused problems for them in their societies that changed their lives. The fear the native’s held of the Spanish is shown through Chief Hatuey’s Oral History, where it is said that, “As a witness of the atrocities of the Spanish conquistadors against the Taino Indians, Chief Hatuey rounded up his people and fled to another island.” The Spaniards, especially, were very harsh towards the natives of the land and punished them for very minor things, such as not obeying the orders they were given. They went as far as burning Chief Hatuey, chief of the Taino Indian tribe, at the stake, because he, “... Organized an uprising against the Spanish.” This shows the cruelty of the Spanish, which is no reason to celebrate. The Spanish also brought smallpox to the new world, a disease that the Natives were not immune to at all. The spread of smallpox …show more content…
The Spanish conquistadors destroyed the native people’s customs and tried to rid them of all that they did not agree with. New problems were brought to the Native Americans such as bringing in new laws and moral views that could create disagreements amongst the people. Arthur M. Schlesinger indicates that explorers brought things like, “... The liberating ideas of the individual liberty, political democracy, the rule of law, human rights, and cultural freedom…” Things like cultural freedom during a time like this could’ve caused disagreements, pulling the people apart because of their different views. Different views at this time were not an ideal thing, and so having “political democracy”, which can be a very confrontational topic, has a high probability of causing conflict between the people. They brought new ideas to the New World, which could be significantly helpful, except they were problematic and could easily cause disagreements. In addition t0 creating potential conflict between people, with the Spanish and Europeans came the Catholic religion. As the explorers began to arrive to these new lands, they began spreading their religion and at the same time destroying the current religions in the areas. The Native American’s were pulled away from all of their beliefs and customs, including ceremonies and religious practices, because
The Native Americans saw what the Europeans were doing to their land, they wanted their old way of life, and they wanted the Europeans to leave.
The religious views of the Indians and the Europeans were different. The Natives were very willing to take up Catholicism as an addition to their religious practice. Although, the Spanish misinterpreted the situation and thought that the Indians were accepting Catholicism as their only religion. If all Natives would have truly converted to Catholicism, then it would have resulted with their own religious practices dying out and Catholicism becoming the only religion. The Native’s refusal to give up their own religious practice, I would say, played a key role in setting a precedent for other believers to continue having the same perspective or form a new one. Similarly, Anne Hutchinson and George Whitfield changed their perspective on how much
Most times the cause of this fighting was that Europeans were taking over land that was not rightfully theirs. The Natives often lost these battles because their weapons and tactics were not as advanced as the Europeans. Therefore, the large number of deaths in battles caused a change in the Native’s population. To add, when the Europeans first arrived in the Americas they established a new economic system called the encomienda system. The encomienda system was a system of forced labor in which Native Americans worked on Spanish-owned estates.
Differences between cultures are not something new. Many of us can still see it in our daily lives. Four hundred years ago two very distinctly different cultures clashed in what we call the American Southwest. The Spanish presence brought new ideas, new culture, and new way of life to the new found Americas much to the demise of the already settled native tribes. Already having controlled much of Mexico and South America, problems were rising in the outskirts of New Spain. Secular and religious authorities were in conflict and the ever growing animosity of its aboriginal tribe made it difficult to maintain Spanish control. Though, for four generations the Spaniards had begun to feel successful in their endeavors of New Mexico. In early August, the sedentary and nomadic tribes banned together and overthrow the Spanish authority. There are many angles needed to be addressed in order to see why this happened. Historians and anthropologists have been trying to go beyond the bias history to uncover what happen. In the book “What Caused the Pueblo Revolt of 1680”, historians try to answer this question, some theories hold more pull then others in terms of what and why. Through reading this anthology I believe the revolt happened for cultural and religious reasons because the Spaniards were threatening the indigenous people’s very way of life through violence, exploitation of land/resources (food), and demoralization of their old ways and practices.
We as Americans should look at the facts before we celebrate this so-called founder. For far too long we have praised and celebrated a tyrant instead of giving glory to the Native Americans whose land this rightfully is, we read in history books how victorious he was but as the story goes on it reveals a history of rape, murder and deception.
The Spread of Disease In the New World The extraordinary good health of the natives prior to the coming of the Europeans would become a key ingredient in their disastrous undoing. The greatest cause of disease in America was epidemic diseases imported from Europe. Epidemic diseases killed with added virulence in the " virgin soil" populations of the Americas. The great plague that arose in the Old World never emerged on their own in the western hemisphere and did not spread across oceans until Columbus' discovery.
The introduction of Old World diseases was a substantial catalyst in the building of American colonial societies. Diseases such as smallpox devastated the native people’s populations. According to one estimate, within the span of the 16th century, the native population of central Mexico was reduced to about 700,000 from at least 13 million. (The Earth and Its Peoples, 475) Other regions were similarly affected by the disease and others such as measles, typhus, influenza, and malaria. These diseases, in effect, cleared the way for European settlers, although, in a somewhat gruesome fashion.
In August of the year 1680, around present day New Mexico, the Pueblo Indians had begun an uprising against Spanish colonists which resulted in the death of over 400 Spanish. The remaining 2,000 settlers were driven out of the area. The reason for this war was due to the constant oppression and violent treatment of Pueblo by Spanish colonists. For nearly 100 years, starting in 1540, the Pueblo Indians were subjected to successive waves of soldiers, missionaries, and settlers. There was much conflict between the Pueblo and the Spanish due to differences in religion and culture. The most important cause of the Pueblo Revolt was because the Spanish attempted to destroy their religion, banning traditional dances and religious icons. Today we will cover the Pueblo Revolt and why it is an important chapter in American history. (Wikipedia.org)
Age of Explorations was a time of discovery of the new world during the 15th through 17th century. Many Explorers were in search for new passage ways, new trading ports, new land, new spices, and riches. The three explorers discussed in this paper is Henry Hudson, Jacques Cartier, and Francisco Pizarro. Henry Hudson was an explorer whose main purpose was to find a route to Asia from Europe, he had a series of three voyages trying to achieve this. Jacques Cartier was sent to find riches and a route to Asia as well. Francisco Pizarro served on an expedition, which he discovered the Pacific Ocean.
That all changed, however, when European explorers, Spanish conquistadors in particular, unknowingly brought the deadly disease of smallpox into Latin America. A recollection of days before the Spanish by an Indian of the Yucatan from the book of Chilam Balam of Chumayel shows just how disease free natives were before the Spanish arrival: “There was then no sickness; they had no aching bones; they had then no high fever; they had then no smallpox; they had then no burning chest; they had then no abdominal pain; they had then no consumption; they had then no headache. At that time, the course of humanity was orderly. The foreigners made it otherwise when they arrived here.” Then, after the Spanish came to the New World and spread smallpox to the natives, over 95% of them were killed.
Have you ever thought about what actually happened during the age of exploration? This time period was a hard and deadly time for most of the world. As their many viewpoints on the age of exploration, there is one that stands out the most to me. I strongly believe that the age of exploration shouldn’t be celebrated in modern times since this was a horrible and devastating time. On the other hand, people might say that this time period should be celebrated because of its incredible outcome and its vast cultural diffusion that spread through many cultures. However, I stand towards my opinion and say that European explorers, conquistadors, and settlers from the Age of Exploration shouldn't be glorified in modern times because of their cruelty, deadly spreading of diseases and major population decrease.
Conquistadors came over to get all the gold they possibly could. The Spanish were cruel and took advantage of the Native Americans who were living there. Not only did the Spanish want the gold but they also wanted the land. The Native Americans were enslaved by the Spaniards and were forced to mine for gold. The Spaniards gave the Natives extremely high gold quotas to meet. Most were unable to do so and because of that they were punished. Natives would have both of their hands cut off(Document 1). The other reason was so that the Spaniards wouldn’t have a problem with resistance from them. The Native Americans were majorly taken advantage of for gold.
Near the end of the fifteenth century, Europeans started exploring new areas of the world in hopes of finding riches, trade routes, and new lands. Upon discovering the “New World,” Europeans came across native peoples. While the Europeans did learn from the indigenous people, they also tried to change the natives’ ways. This had a negative impact on the natives populations because many died. The overall impact exploration had on native peoples include enslavement, destroyed populations, and forced to change religion.
Lots of different foods were brought to America such as bananas, watermelon, and wheat. There was also livestock such as cattle, pigs, and horses. These resources helped native Americans survive and learn new things about the world. Even though Columbus brought a lot of good things to America he also brought diseases such s typhus and smallpox that the native Americans had no cure too. This was problematic because people had to use more resources to find cures, and the population started to decrease which caused some cultures and traditions to die out. Even though some ways of living ceased to exist, Columbus brought new traditions to teach the natives in America. Since the main religion in Spain was Christianity, Columbus wanted to convert all of the natives and change their traditions to make them more European. All of these changes would affect the outcome of what America would be like in the future. Christopher Columbus made a big impact on America and started getting Europe interested in exploring there. Therefore many other people started traveling to America as
In the 15th century and continuing into the early 17th century, many people were exploring, and that time period is now known as the Age of Exploration. In this time period were many people were travelling overseas. Some of the many people that explored during this time period are Henry Hudson, Amerigo Vespucci, and Christopher Columbus. Many people question if this time period truly changed the world. The Age of Exploration, truly changed the world, because it changed the lives of the Indians, cultural-diffusion, and because exploration got us where we are today, literally.