Which Fuel Releases the Most Energy Per Mole Measure by Heating Water Hypothesis In this investigation I will burn alcohols to heat up a beaker of water. I will be burning five fuels which are called Methanol, Ethanol, Propanol, Butanol and Pentanol. In my investigation I predict that the alcohol Pentanol would release more energy than the other alcohols because as the chain length of the alkanes get longer, the more energy is released. Apparatus · Retort stand · Clamp · Measuring cylinder · Thermometer · Heatproof mats · Copper can · Splint · Chemicals(Methanol, Ethanol, Propanol, Butanol and Pentanol) Independent variables · Using the same scales · Same amount of water in copper beaker · Same height of thermometer from water · Temperature of water before experiment · Weight of alcohol before experiment Fair Test To make it a fair test: · I made sure I put the same amount of water in the copper can. · I made sure that the water started with the same temperature with the same alcohol. · I made sure that the height was the same from the water to the thermometer. Health and Safety · Wear goggles · Hide tie in the shirt · Keep bags under the table Method I first got all the apparatus that I needed and set it up. I got a measuring cylinder and measured a 100 cm³ of water and poured it in a copper can. Then I connected the copper can to the stand with a clamp. Then I would get a spirit lamp which is filled with alcohol and measure it. Then I would use a spirit to light it and put it under the copper can. Then I would heat and stir the water until the temperature has gone up another 10 degrees Celsius. I will then blow out the flame and put the cap on the burner quickly and reweigh the alcohol.
The researcher conducting this experiment is trying to find out which salt- Epsom, table salt, and sea salt- will increase the boiling point of water the most. Sodium chloride is believed to increase the boiling point of water because when salt is suspended into the water, the sodium and chlorine ions leave the “salt crystals” and mix with the water molecules. (“Why does salt… raise boiling point of water?”, 2009).
Does changing the length of the carbon chain effect the heat of combustion of water when heated for 2 minutes?
= = = = The first step was to carry out some preliminary tests to establish the best set up for our apparatus.
Chemistry is not used only in a lab environment, but it is used for every aspect of life. One way to look into a more in-depth view of chemistry is to apply it to a hobby, or something that may personally affect your everyday life. One of the biggest parts of my life and my main hobby is flying. Ever since I was little, I have always wanted to become a pilot. I am currently working towards my private pilot’s license and I am also attending the U.S. Air Force Academy starting in June to study aeronautical engineering. Since flying is such a large aspect of my life and is important to me, I wanted to break it down into an aspect of chemistry. I chose this topic because flying is very important to me and it will continue to be a large part of my life as it will end up being my career in the Air Force. Not only will researching the topic of aviation fuel help me to become a more knowledgeable pilot, but it will also help me to understand more about chemistry and expand on the concepts we have learned this semester. Chemistry is extremely important to planes and pilots. One of the most obvious aspects of flying that deals directly with chemistry is fuel. Without fuel, aircraft would not be able to run. The molecular formula of fuel and the combustion of fuel are just some parts that play into how fuel makes an aircraft run.
= 3 ´ E(C-H) + 1 ´ E(C-O) + 1 ´ E(O-H) + 1.5 ´ E(O=O)
water has risen to 60°c I will then put the lid on the spirit burner
water has had equal amounts of time for it to heat up, again I will
Mark 20 meters on the ground outside on the AstroTurf using a fire glass long tape. (Start to finish)
The link between the number of carbon atoms in a fuel with the amount of energy it releases
in the 0.2 value, there will be a lot of water, and so it is not
Finding Out Which Fuel Releases the Most Energy Per Gram. Aim: To be able to Find out which fuel releases the most energy per gram. Scientific Theory: What is the Science of Heat is the transfer of energy between two objects due to a temperature. The sand is a sand.
with 0.0M (distilled water) and go up by 0.1M until I reach 1.0M and I
Apparatus A ball – A marble A plastic rectangular tray – about 40cm by 25 Some sand – fills up to about 2/3 of the tray 2 Rulers – one for drop height (1m) - one for measuring the depth (15cm) Clamp and Stand 2 planks of wood – light wood/palsa (so that it doesn’t sink) Splinters – 10 cm long and 0.3mm wide Method:
working properly I must make sure that the clam is not on too tight or
against the water and to move the hull higher. The force of the water against