Experiment to Find Out Which Fuel Produces Most Energy Aim === My objective in this piece of coursework is to determine which of five fuels produces the most energy and if the energy production relates to the amount of carbons.. The fuels are Ethanol, Propanol, Propan-2-ol, Butanol and Butan-2-ol. Setting up the practical. Because there are some restrictions on the time we are going to have to perform the experiment, we are first going to find out a set up that would allow us to produce definite results quickly. By this I mean that we will to set up the apparatus in a way that would give us a large temperature rise in a short amount of time, e.g. 2 or 3 minutes. Here is a diagram of how we set up the apparatus. To perform this experiment we needed: * Electric weighing scales * A measuring cylinder * 5 spirit burners (1 for each fuel) * A copper calorimeter with a lid * A thermometer * A clamp * A Bunsen burner * A stop clock Method ====== The first step was to carry out some preliminary tests to establish the best set up for our apparatus. To gain reliable results we needed a temperature rise of 50 degrees centigrade in the quickest time possible. Using the Propanol burner with different volumes of water we tested the flame at varying distances under the calorimeter measured from the work surface. Our results are set out below: Time (mins) Height from bench (cm) Temperature reached (d. c) Water Volume (cm cubed) 2:59 10 24 - 74 = 50 200 5:58 15 23 - 74 = 51 200 2:59 8 24 - 54 = 30 200 2:19 10
Thermodynamics is essentially how heat energy transfers from one substance to another. In “Joe Science vs. the Water Heater,” the temperature of water in a water heater must be found without measuring the water directly from the water heater. This problem was translated to the lab by providing heated water, fish bowl thermometers, styrofoam cups, and all other instruments found in the lab. The thermometer only reaches 45 degrees celsius; therefore, thermodynamic equations need to be applied in order to find the original temperature of the hot water. We also had access to deionized water that was approximately room temperature.
Hydrogen lies in one of the copious replacements for gasoline. It is not an energy source such as oil, but an energy carrier that is produced instead of digging and finding it underground. Though replacing fossil fuels by hydrogen fuel cell is very hard and costs a great deal, for the most part, hydrogen fuel cell is a zero carbon emission fuel which highly reduces the carbon emissions that causes pandemic global warming. Hydrogen is very helpful for nature by cause of replacing fossil fuels with hydrogen fuel cells might end global warming once and for all.
* Manage the purchase of equipment and ensure all appropriate accounts are funded, obligated and adjustments processed
EG, if the water was 23 degrees I would heat the water to 33 degrees. Make sure that the fuel is weighed correctly after experiment, and recorded. By doing these checks, it means that all the experiments will be fun the same. This means the test will all be fair. Prediction I think the more bonds in the alcohol molecule structure means that more heat energy will be produced when the bonds are broken and so less fuel will be used, as the heating temperature will be higher, so it will not take as long to heat.
helps you to get a clearer picture of what you are trying you say. Diagramming
it can be used in a variety of different manners in order to achieve a
This software enables you to simulate experiments. This means that I am able to quickly carry out experiments to help in planning for my investigation. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Alcohol Temperature Increase (oC) Mass of burner before exp. (g) Mass of burner after exp.
- Temperature was measured after and exact time i.e. 1 minute, 2 minutes, 3 minutes.
This is expressed as Δ +ve (delta positive). If the total energy put in is less than the energy created, then the substance warms up (it is exothermic). This is expressed as Δ -ve (delta negative). I will investigate eight different alcohols using an alcohol or spirit burner, to measure the energy change during burning by measuring the change in temperature of some water held in a container.
Both gasoline and ethanol have been around since the time of Henry Ford. Gasoline has been the more accessible of all of them. Ethanol and natural gas have been gaining more support over the years and now gasoline contains ten percent ethanol. Propane is mostly used in fleet vehicles. Cars today can run on gasoline with a little ethanol, but too much ethanol can severely damage a vehicle. Only flex fuel vehicles can handle more than ten percent ethanol in a system. Natural gas vehicles are starting to come onto the market. All three fuels have their pros and cons, but the ultimate decision is up to the consumer.
In this report I will explain the fuel systems in an automobile. I will cover different parts and how they work. First thing to do is explain how the fuel system works. The purpose of the fuel system is to store and supply fuel to the cylinder chamber where it can be mixed with air then vaporized and burned to produce energy. The fuel, which can be either gas or diesel is stored in a fuel tank. A fuel pump draws the fuel from the gas tank through lines and brings it through a fuel filter. Next it goes to either a carburetor or fuel injector and then delivered to the cylinder chamber for combustion.
A fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity through a chemical reaction of positively charged hydrogen ions with oxygen or another oxidizing agent. Fuel cells are different from batteries in that they require a continuous source of fuel and oxygen or air to sustain the chemical reaction, whereas in a battery the chemicals present in the battery react with each other to generate an electromotive (emf). Fuel cells can produce electricity continuously for as long as these inputs are supplied.
NiSource is one of the biggest natural gas distribution companies in the USA. Company is not responsible for the production of natural gas, but rather purchases fossil fuel at the source and transmits supply thru its pipelines to industries and local costumers. Natural gas can be transported to distribution facilities in two ways: underground gas pipelines or shipped by the sea in LNG tankers. In nature during the extraction, natural gas exists as a gas, which needs to be captured by special pipeline system designed for gathering processes. Captured gas contains water and other impurities that have to be removed in production well. In order to be transported, it needs to be cooled and transformed into liquid, which increases transportation efficiency to processing units and improves transportation cost ratio. Regasification is the process when "wet", liquid natural gas is processed and changed to pipeline quality natural gas. Natural gas needs to be turned back to gas in order to be useful for residential and commercial customers. This process needs to be monitored and measured for quality and content of natural gas due to the risk of pipeline rupture and safety. "Natural gas entering the system that is not within certain specific gravities, pressures, Btu content range, or water content level will cause operational problems, pipeline deterioration, or even cause pipeline rupture."1 Natural gas transported to distributors is called "dry" gas due to the physical state.
For a long time gasoline has dominated our world. It has been only now in the late 20th century to now that new fuels have surfaced to challenge the might of gasoline. One type of alternative energy that can be used instead of gasoline is hydrogen fuel cells. Ever since 2003 when President Bush announced the Hydrogen Fuel Initiative car companies have been trying to develop Hydrogen fuel cell cars that are cost effective and practical. Alone the USA has invested billions of dollars on fuel cell research and development.
Fuel alternatives for the future are very important because, we need resources for life. We won’t have fossil fuels forever. It is important to start now. If we did not have any fuel alternatives how would the world be?