Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is the second most produce crop of the world after the corn. It is the dietary part of millions of people and also the big source of protein for human. Its grain is also use for the making of bread, biscuits, cookies, cakes, breakfast cereal, pasta, noodles, or biofuel, chips and many other market products. Wheat also fermented to make alcoholic beverages and primarily beer. It is still the basic ingredient in Scotch and Irish whiskey. Straw of wheat is also used as fodder for livestock. Wheat is the oldest domesticated plant on the earth. According to paleobotanists modern domesticated form of wheat is started around 8500 BC in Southeastern Anatolia (Turkey).
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) provides approximately 55% carbohydrates and 20% of food calories consumed globally (Breiman and Graur, 1995).It is also the staple food of 38 % of the global population (Laegreid et al., 1999).
Most of the cultivated land of Pakistan is under cultivation of wheat in Rabi season. In 2012-13 it was cultivated 8 million hectares of the area (the Nation 20th November 2013). Pakistan is in the top ten countries of wheat producers with around 24 million ton output. And the average yield is 2787 kg/ha. Pakistan is the most important supplier of wheat to Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations
In Pakistan wheat is sown in the Rabi season mostly in November and December. Wheat crop can grow and harvest within a short period of time, it is harvested in approximately 120 days to make it batter cash crop. At harvesting time, wheat stalks can bend near the spike and easily broken by hand. Complete plant looks like the golden color. Stalks and chaff of wheat is also use as mulch in the field and for animal bedding.
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...f PGPR increases rate of seed germination, growth of the root, crop yield, plant leaf area, chlorophyll content, nitrogen and protein content in plants, increase the tolerance to drought, weight of root and shoot of the plant and delayed leaf senescence (Dobbelaere et al., 2003; Çakmakçi, 2005, 2005).
These PGPR (e.g., Rhizobium, Azospirillum, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Arthrobacter and Bacillus) utilize osmoregulation; oligotrophic, endogenous metabolism; resistance to starvation; and efficient metabolic processes to adapt under dry and saline environments (Lugtenberg et al., 2001; Egamberdiyeva and Islam 2008). The bacteria, with their physiological adaptation and genetic potential for increased tolerance to drought, increasing salt concentration, and high temperatures, could improve plant production in degraded sites (Maheshwari et al., 2012; Yang et al., 2009).
Currently, the United States is the largest producer of corn in the world. In 2010, it produced 32% of the world’s corn crop. Corn is grown on approximately 400,000 U.S. farms, showing the importance of corn in the United States’ diets. Twenty percent of the corn produced is exported and corn grown for grain accounts for almost one quarter of the harvested crop acres in this country (National Corn Grower's Associatio...
The Wheat Boom in Canada in the late 1890s and early 1900s contributed to the rise of an agrarian economy, where the family formed the basic production unit. Women played an important role in the family by tending to domestic chores and child rearing. At about the same time, the rise of industrial capitalism drew men into the industrial wage-labour market. The women’s contribution to the domestic front enabled men to participate in wage earning opportunities, due to which the MLFPR was notably above 90 percent. The rise of large-scale factory production raised the insatiable demand for cheap labour. Employers began to recruit women as cheap unskilled or semi-skilled labourers in some light industries, such as textiles,
Gliadins’ are mostly monomeric proteins with molecular weights between 28,000 and 55,000 and can be classified depending upon their different primary structures into the a/b-, y- and o-type. They can be found in wheat and in different other cereals within the grass genus Triticum (Wieser, 1996). For each type, the structural differences between them are small. This is because of the substitution, deletion and insertion of single amino acid residues (Weiser, 2007). These proteins contain unusually high amounts of glutamine and proline and have large regions of repetitive sequences. As most Gliadins’ are monomeric proteins which contain eight conserved cysteine residues, some contain an extra cysteine residue which allows them to be linked with other gluten proteins to form large polymers which are essential for flour quality (Altenbach et al, 2010).
As you walk to the other end of the stage and look out into the sea of blue and gold corduroy, you realize this it! This is the moment you’ve worked toward for the last four years. You’ve stayed long hours after school working on you record book, spent grueling hours memorizing speeches, experienced the joy of winning first place at a state CDE contest, and best of all you met so many amazing people and doors were opened to opportunities you never imagined. Finally, after all of your hard work, you’re receiving your State FFA Degree! All of this from making one simple decision your freshman year of high school, signing up for the FFA. What you didn’t realize at the time was that this wonderful organization would help you build leadership skills and teach life skills that you are going to need in the coming years.
Before the land of what we no class Turkey, Iraq, Jordan, and other countries in the middle east grains, such as wheat and wild barley, could be seen growing in the wild without human hand to cultivate and nurture it (Authors 2007). Over time, humans began to recognize the benefit of the plants and began the first signs of human agriculture. The skill of farming took time and trial and error, but along the way, humans began to settle down to tend to their crops. Though the first crops were nothing more than seed s thrown about without rhyme or reason to the process we know today such as fields having, rows and sorting out the seeds to create a higher yield each harvest (Authors 2007). Because of the trial and error process, agriculture of plants did not take place of a short period but took many, many years to evolve to what we know today as agriculture; the new fa...
Throughout the history of the human race there have been a great number of crops that were discovered, planted, and over time domesticated. Wheat in the Middle East, rice in Asia, and rye in Eastern Europe are all some of today’s staple crops that feed millions every day. Crops like these make up over 50% of the world’s total food supply. However, the third most eaten crop in the world is maize, or corn, which provides 21% of human nutrition. Today maize feeds millions across the world, but its history is different from the others.
Agriculture is not all work and no play. Many advances can be made in the understanding of agriculture by making available a variety of methods to provide children with a hands-on experience and also educating all individuals about the importance of the practice. The ignorance of urban communities can be overcome with the help of organizations and people within the community. School visits, hands-on experiences, volunteers and organizations are just a few examples of the steps that can be taken to educate Americans about agriculture and close the gap between rural and urban populations.
The seed constituents i.e., proteins, starch, non- starch carbohydrates, lipids and other small molecules determines the processing quality of wheat. The protein content and types determine the end product quality like bread, biscuit, cake, chapatti and noodles etc. Wheat grains can generally be classified as having either a soft or hard endosperm texture. Soft grains are usually used for making biscuits whereas hard grains are used for pan-breads and pasta (Moss, 1973).
Wheat makes up about 20% of a daily human diet. It is highly nutritious, providing fiber, energy, and oils which are a necessity for productivity and efficiency in this fast-paced world. What creates the problem is that about 95% of wheat is refined, and the healthiest parts, bran and germ, are removed, leaving unhealthy white flour. The bran and the germ help digest gluten, but if gluten remains, it attaches to the lining of the stomach and slowly deteriorates is protective coating
Grains are a diverse food group with a diverse nutrient profile. Generally, though, they give a rich exhibit of B vitamins and a variety of minerals. Numerous contain cancer prevention compounds, and some give novel cell reinforcements antioxidants found almost nowhere else in our food supply.
Agriculture is quite possibly the most important advancement and discovery that humanity has made. It produces the one thing that we need the most: food. It has been around since 9500 BC, and can be the oldest sign of mankind’s acumen and the development and evolving of our minds and creations. Agriculture has been mastered throughout hundreds of years and is one of our most important resources on Earth, along with water and fossil fuels. Although the older farming methods from ancient times seem somewhat mediocre and barbaric, they were very ingenious and advanced for that time period. Over thousands of years, we have improved the way agriculture is used, how land is cultivated, the various techniques of farming and irrigation, and the tools and mechanics used. Numerous things that we see as aboriginal today, such as using a hand plow, were extremely contemporary in ancient times, and played key roles in the development of man and society, since quick labor was not abundant before this time. We are now extremely advanced in agriculture and irrigation and the tools used to farm and grow and harvest crops. We have learned from our past and ancestors how to grow and evolve in our methods and have advanced forward greatly.
The production of chickpea or ‘chana’ is also affected in excessive cold conditions. Chickpea is sown in the months of September to November in India and is considered as a rabi crop (Figure 1.3). The desi type chickpea reaches physiological maturity by 95-105 days and Kabuli type by 100-110 days. The plant is harvested when its leaves start drying and shedding and can be done manually or with the help of a harvester. In India, it is harvested in between March to April. This crop is often cultivated as a sole crop but sometimes it is also grown rotationally with other crops such as sorghum, pearl millet, wheat and coriander. Pale yellow, dark brown or reddish chickpea are some of the varieties that are grown
People have depended on agriculture for years as the primary source of getting food. We have developed all kinds of ways to manipulate nature so what we can produce higher yield crops, more nutritious crops, bigger crops, crops that withstand cold, and farming equipment that allows us to manufacture these crops with relative ease. Why then are there five billion people being malnourished and forty thousand children dying each day from hunger? It seems as though world hunger is more a result of the lack of distributing the food properly than the lack of quantity. agriculture has turned into a high profit business and biotech companies like Monsanto are constantly trying to come up with better and more efficient ways of farming. Are they doing this to try to solve the world hunger crisis, or merely to make a profit?
The growth of the world’s population has led to a growth in animal agriculture, because as population grows, the need for food does as well. Animal agriculture is the use of animal farms to produce animal products that are then consumed by the general public. As agribusiness expands, issues such as the need for farm insurance and animal rights have received more awareness. Modern day industrialism is being applied to animal agriculture in developed nations such as the United States and Canada. Farm Foundation, a nonprofit organization focused on research in agribusiness and improving the economy through agriculture, claims that “the North American livestock industry is expected to
To understand why is agriculture important in the world of today, then first of all we must know what agriculture is? Agriculture is the basic material production of society, the use of land for agriculture and livestock, mining plants and animals as raw materials and labor to produce mainly food and some raw materials for industry. Agriculture is a major industry, covering many disciplines: planting, breeding and processing of agricultural products; in the broadest sense, also including forestry and fisheries. Agriculture is an important economic sector in the economy of many countries, especially in the past century , when the industry has not yet developed. Since the dawn of history, agriculture has been one of the importance means of producing