1. Discuss the fundamental differences between weak mayor, strong mayor, and council-manager forms of government.
There are few differences between the types of city governments including the council-manager form, strong mayor, and weak mayor. Council manager is the most popular from of the government in Texas today. Council manager in brief does a lot of the administrator work. The primary focus for the council and mayor falls on four dimensions: mission, policy, administration, and management. Under this system, the voters elect a small city council and from there the council hires a city manager, who has administrative control over the city government. Now that we have established what a council manager form of government we can discuss the roles of the mayor and the city manager. The mayor, is the presiding officer of the council and most often has a vote on all issues. Essentially, the mayor in this form is the “head of state,” the symbolic leader and embodiment of his or her city, but is not the head of
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A weak mayor form of government (also known as the weak executive form) is similar to the Texas governor’s formal powers. They mayor shares power with other elected officials and with the city council. Second, the mayor has only limited control over the budget information and execution. Third, the number of terms they mayor can serve is limited. Lastly, the mayor has little or no veto authority. On the contrary, the strong mayor form of government, the mayor can appoint and remove the major heads of departments, has control over the budget information and execution, is not limited by short terms or term limits, and can veto actions of the city council. Basically, the opposite of the weak mayor
The office of president of the Republic of Texas was superseded and the state governor was first established in the Constitution of 1845 (“Phillip, Fry,” 2010) The Constitution of 1845 vested executive power in the governor and the election was done by the qualified voters of the State. In comparison, the Constitution of 1876 created plural executive, dividing the executive power among a governor, lieutenant-governor, Secretary of State, comptroller of public accounts, treasurer, commissioner of the general land office, attorney general and all of the officers of the executive department. All of these positions are elected by qualified voters except the Secretary of State who is appointed by the governor. The governor remains the commander-in-chief of the army and navy of the State and the militia in both the Constitutions. Also, the Constitution of 1845 placed a limit on the governor’s salary to two thousand dollars annually, which was amended on November 2, 1954 removing this limit. Although there has not been much change in the requirements to become a governor, the Constitution of 1845 limited the governor to two two-year terms in six years compared to the four-year term in the Constitution of 1876 (“Constitution of Texas,” n.d.; “Texas Constitution,” n.d.)
The fourth chapter of City Politics by Dennis R. Judd & Todd Swanstrom covers the rise of "Reform Politics" with many local governments during the first half of the 1900s as a way to combat the entrenched political machines that took control of many large city governments in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Over the course of the chapter, Judd & Swanstrom quickly cover the history of the "reform movement" with different examples of how the reform movement affected city politics in different areas.
The municipal restructuring in Ontario from 1996 to 1999, whether voluntary or involuntary, was the most comprehensive process of municipal reforms since the Baldwin Act of 1849 (Frisken 30). After the election of Harris’ Conservative government in 1995, municipal reform took on a life of its own as it was followed with substantial activity between 1996 and 1999 (Sancton 135-56). This research paper looks to categorize, describe and evaluate the substantial activity that took place between the province and its municipal subordinates. While other papers have argued whether the change of the fiscal relationship was to benefit the province or if the structure of local government had simply become outdated, the issues of why the reforms occurred is not the focus of this research. However, what this paper will evaluate is whether the substantial activity made any long-term changes in the system by outlining the numerous reforms and examining their impact. This paper will begin by assessing the financial reform, which was the starting point for more extensive changes, followed by functional, structural and legislative reforms during 1996 to 1999.
This helps to ensure that the residents get the services they need in a more effective way since they can make the local leaders accountable. This would be more difficult if the local leaders were handling large counties with many residents. However, in the case of Texas, it has too many branches of local government. This brings about more challenges to service delivery than benefits. One of the ways this happens is through increasing the bureaucratic processes. The addition of an extra layer of government such as through local governments only increases the hurdles the citizens have between them and service delivery. Another problem arises with regards to the ability of the many branches to handle specialized services. Some of the commonly needed services by residents include water provision, garbage collection, sewage management, flood prevention, among others (Flores et al.). These require resources that may not be available to the smaller branches of the local government. Therefore, consolidation of some of these local governments would help to improve efficiency in the service
Erik Larson researched profusely, to create the literary nonfiction novel, and developing a movie, Devil in the White City, published and copyrighted in 2003. The book is entirely based on the Chicago World’s Fair of 1893. The book set in Chicago through 1890-93, and then, during the latter part of the book, in Philadelphia 1895. This book follows two main plots, each pertaining its own main character. One plot follows Daniel Burnham, the architecture lead and main visionary of the 1893 Chicago World's Fair. The other plot follows H. H. Holmes, a serial killer, who became America’s first serial killer, paving the way for some to sadly follow, who was utterly and completely mad, being a killer and all. Using the Fair’s guests and young, vulnerable
A mayor is a person who runs a city’s main department and they are the leader of the city’s council.
On Monday, April 13th, 2009, I visited the Culver City city council meeting, and found that they operate using a council-manager form of government. For a city with a population of about 38,000, this type of governmental structure is fairly common, and I was not surprised to see it in action in a community where the median household income is around $56,000 a year. Culver City is also a culturally rich community with a 60 percent Caucasian population, and a quarter of the residents are either of African American or Asian decent. The mayor, D. Scott Malsin, is one of five members on the council, and his term as mayor is on a rotating basis. Having been to a Hermosa Beach city council meeting with a similar council-manager structure, I knew what to expect.
Special sessions can be called to complete unfinished tasks, discuss and outline the budget for the next fiscal year, cut the budget in an economic downfall incident, and if a war or natural disaster occurs. Last but definitely not least, the greatest power and influence the governor can have in office is by being what makes a politician so successful and popular, which is by building relationships and making friends within the bureaucracy. Since the governor of Texas has less formal power than most state governors have, they must develop collaborative relationships in order to construct their goals and achieve them. By developing relationships and appointing members to various boards, they can shift and reorganize the structure and environment of the bureaucratic system. Using the governor’s message power, which is any communication between the governor and the legislature, including the State of the State message, can be a great resource for the governor to use to promote and influence the legislature to pass certain bills or push for their agenda to be the top priority of
By the time of the 12th century, cities such as Milan had a government loosely based on the old Roman regime. This was a three tier system consisting of Captains - the higher nobility and clergy; the vassals- the lower nobility and an increasing middle class formed of merchants and land leasers; and the common people such as the artisans and peasants. A consul was elected to govern the commune and was re-elected every year. This consul was elected by all three orders not just the elite. This is what existed for self-government in the eleventh and twelfth century.
Washington D.C: Our Nation’s Capital Although the entire world is familiar with the City of Washington as the United State’s capital, the city was nonexistent when we became a nation in 1789. Thanks to the brilliant design of the French born engineer, Pierre Charles L’Enfant and his assistants Benjamin Banneker and Andrew Ellicot, our capital city that was once a swamp now is beautiful with many different parks, gardens trees, tall buildings and wide avenues. Washington, District of Columbia named after Christopher Columbus, has played a unique role in the wars of our nation and has been dramatically affected by their awesome events.
Lieutenant Governor is the second highest position in the government of Texas. This position has a position in the executive and legislative branches. If the something happens to the governor, the lieutenant governor will take over the governor’s duties until the election of a new governor. The duties and power of the lieutenant Governor are outlined in the Texas Constitution Article 4. “This official is perhaps the most powerful elected officer in the state, especially when the legislature is in session”, (Brown, pg. 289). The position is also known as the president of the Senate. The Lieutenant Governor duties consist of established all special and standing committees, appoints all chairperson for the committee. The position controls
The Mayor represents the Executive branch of the government, which enforces the law. The Mayor is the chief executive officer of the city. He executes on behalf of the City all contracts and is the official and ceremonial head of the City. Mayor Alai also serves as Safety Director.
Gentrification is described as the renovation of certain neighborhoods in order to accommodate to young workers and the middle-class. For an area to be considered gentrified, a neighborhood must meet a certain median home value and hold a percentage of adults earning Bachelor’s degree. Philadelphia’s gentrification rate is among the top in the nation; different neighborhoods have pushed for gentrification and have seen immense changes as a result. However, deciding on whether or not gentrification is a beneficial process can become complicated. Various groups of people believe that cities should implementing policy on advancing gentrification, and others believe that this process shouldn’t executed. Both sides are impacted by the decision to progress gentrification; it is unclear of the true implications of completely renovating impoverished urban areas; gentrification surely doesn’t solve all of a community’s issues. I personally believe that gentrification is not necessarily a good or bad process; gentrification should occur as a natural progression of innovative economies and novel lifestyles collide within certain areas. Policy involving gentrification should not support the removal of people out of their neighborhood for the sake of advancement.
A government was required to lead the people and aid in organizing a city. City governments were far more powerful than the council of elders and local chiefs of farming villages. At first, Priest probably had the greatest. In time, warrior kings came to power as chief political leaders. They soon set themselves up as the chief hereditary ruler and passed their power from father to son. Governments soon became more complex as rulers issued laws, collected taxes, and organizes systems of defense. To enforce order, rulers relied on royal officials. Over time, government bureaucracies evolved. Almost always rulers claimed their power came from god or divine right. These rulers then gained religious power as well.
Traditional public administration is traced back to the works of scholars like Max Weber, Woodrow Wilson and Fredrick Taylor. This form of administration was mostly influenced by Max Weber with his bureaucratic model and theory. Max Weber was a well-known sociologist born in Germany in the year 1864. He came up with his bureaucratic model as a way to try to improve management in organizations. ‘Weber emphasized on top-down control in the form of monocratic hierarchy that is a system of control in which policy is set at the top and carried out through a series of offices, whereby every manager and employee are to report to one person in top management and held accountable by that manager’ (Pfiffner, 2004, p. 1).