Ultrasonic testing (UT) is considered as one of the modern technology that would allow engineering constructions and solid materials to be checked and detect internal faults while keeping structures intact and undamaged. Ultrasonics use acoustic waves to disseminate through the material to test and detect any irregularity. Such irregularities are discontinuities (type and location), the material’s grain structure, thickness, internal corrosion etc. Ultrasonic testing can be used on a wide variety of plastics, composites, ceramics and metals but cannot be used on wood and paper products. Other limitations include the material’s shape, its surface, its orientation when testing and the device must be able to test the material with ease. This new age technology is known as non-destructive testing (NDT) as waves penetrate the material without damaging the original structure. UT device would consist of a receiver, transducer and a monitor where the transducer would generate high frequency sound waves which would propagate through the material being tested; these sound waves are generated higher than the human hearing capability. The waves would travel through and when it faces a discontinuity, a portion of the wave would be reflected back and then converted to an electrical signal where the monitor can display the result. Ultrasonic is based on acoustics which is focused on the unidirectional movement of the atoms which in turn generates a mechanical wave which will be homogenous throughout. The frequencies of the waves used are usually high which means the wavelengths are much shorter and more responsive therefore changes of mediums in the material can easily be detected. UT detects flaws in the material, flaws which may cause th... ... middle of paper ... ...solutions/introductory-ultrasonics/introduction-material-analysis/ > 2010. "Ultrasonic Testing FAQ". Olympus. April 15, 2010 Berke, M. 2000. "Nondestructive Material Testing with Ultrasonics ". NDT.net. April 15, 2010 < http://www.ndt.net/article/v05n09/berke/berke1.htm#0 > "Introduction to Ultrasonic Testing". NDT Resource Center. April 15, 2010 < http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Ultrasonics/cc_ut_index.htm > Singha, Rajib . 2010. "Ultrasonic Testing - Ultrasonic Inspection Equipments". Buzzle.com. April 15, 2010 Tietz, May, Dietz, Bühling, 1997. "Ultrasonic testing of green ceramic materials". NDT.net. April 15, 2010
Tests to diagnose Cushing's syndrome and Cushing's disease. (n.d.). Cushing's Disease Tests. Retrieved May 18, 2014, from http://www.aboutcushings.com/diagnosing-cushings-disease/testing-methods.jsp
There are many ways scientists have experimented on Stradivari’s instruments. One way and the most common is through CT scans and resonance tests. The purpose of CT scans is to determine all of the shaping that Stradivari had done. CT scans measure density, thickness, shape, etc. Resonance tests are performed on the Strads to test the spectrum capacities between his violins and others.
What is an Ultrasound. (2012, May 16). Medical News Today. Retrieved March 31, 2014, from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles
waves were reflected back to the transducer as they crossed interfaces of different acoustic impedance. More simply, the ultrasound bounced off the
"What Is Occupational Therapy?" Occupational Therapy : What Is Occupational Therapy? N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Mar. 2014.
There a number of ways in which a sensor could be built to measure the
Harris, T. (n.d.). how body armor works? Retrieved March 3, 2014, from How stuff works: http://schienc.howstuffworks.com/body-armor.htm. Patents. The. n.d. - n.d. - n.d.
A transducer is a mechanism that changes one form of energy to another form. A toaster is a transducer that turns electricity into heat; a loudspeaker is a transducer that changes electricity into sound. Likewise, an ultrasound transducer changes electricity voltage into ultrasound waves, and vice versa. This is possible because of the principle of piezoelectricity, which states that some materials (ceramics, quartz, and others) produce a voltage when deformed by an applied pressure. Conversely, piezoelectricity also results in production of a pressure whe...
Polman, H., Orobio De Castro, B. & Van Aken, M. A.G. (2008). Experimental Study of the
Sounds are produced by the vibrations of material objects, and travel as a result of
al, M. M. (2011). Scanning probe microscopy: Measuring on hard surfaces. NanoCon. Czech Republic: NaonCon.
These properties can be used for design and analysis of engineering structures, and for developing new materials that better suit a specified use. [8] Tensile tests are simple, relatively inexpensive, and fully standardised. By pulling on something, you will very quickly determine how the material will react to forces being applied in tension. As the material is being pulled, you will find its strength along with how much it will elongate and one of the more basic tests is to determine stress – strain relationships. [10] A simple uniaxial test consists of slowly pulling a sample of material in tension until it breaks. The major parameters that describe the stress-strain curve obtained during the tension test are the tensile strength (UTS), yield strength or yield point (σy), elastic modulus (E), percent elongation (∆L%) and the reduction in area (RA%). Toughness, Resilience, Poisson’s ratio (ν) can also be found by the use of this testing technique. 0.2 % off-set method is a commonly used method to determine the yield strength. Yield strength (σy) (0.2%) is found by drawing a parallel line to the elastic region and the point at which this line intersects with the stress-strain curve is set as the yielding point. [9] The following figure is the tensile tester that is used to test the
Tullmin, M. (2003). Corrosion Monitoring, What is it? Retrieved 04 10, 2010, from Corrosion Club: http://www.corrosion-club.com/whatis.htm
Based on the pattern that is detected beyond the wall by a specific detector – one can distinguish whether the material coming through behaves as either a wave or particle.
When this voltage level exceeds a particular value the piezoelectric structure will tends to vibrate. At particular level the resonant condition occurred in piezoelectric material.