Traumatic brain injury is major neurodisorder mainly caused by road accidents, sports related events or any violence. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of acamprosate in traumatic brain injury. High impact trauma device used to induce head injury in Drosophila melanogaster. Behavioral and biochemical parameters were studied to evaluate the pharmacological potential of acamprosate in head injury. Acamprosate was found to be effective in decreasing mortality due to injury, at three concentrations 20, 100 and 200 μg/ml. Our results suggest that acamprosate show antioxidant activity as it decreases the level of MDA and NO and increase
One of the most serious public health concerns in modern-day boxing is the development of a progressive disease known as the Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) (aka “dementia pugilistica” or “the punch-drunk effect.”). It has been estimated that CTE occurs in 20% of professional boxers (Zetterberg et al, 2006). The theory behind the frequent occurrence of CTE in professional boxers is due to the accumulated effects of multiple head trauma to the brain (e.g., mild-concussions) which may lead to permanent and irreversible brain damage. It has been known that those professional boxers with more extensive history of boxing matches are more likely to experience severe CTE.
Did you know, that someone suffers from a brain injury every 21 seconds (Haas)? Children get concussions all the time, and most of the time they go unnoticed. The majority of concussions happen when one is playing a sport such as football, hockey, or lacrosse. Many famous athletes have had their careers, even their lives cut short due to concussions. Brain damage and death can result from serial concussions (Schafer). When one suffers from a concussion, one’s brain needs time to recover physically and mentally. Between 2002 and 2006, statistics showed that 52,000 people died from concussions and about 275,000 were hospitalized (Fundukian). Everyone’s recovery process is different (“Injury and Pain Care”). Although concussions seem minor, they are very serious brain injuries that may result in severe damage to one’s brain.
Thesis: Concussions affect children and adults of all ages causing physical, emotional and metal trauma to a person and their brain.
McCrory et al 2009. P.McCory, W. Meenwisse, K. Johnston, J. Divorft, M. Aubry, M. Malloy, R. Contu- Consensus statement on concussion in sport: The 3rd international conference on concussion in sport held in Zurich, November 2008, pg 434-448.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide for which there is no cure. Many patients who survive from TBI may experience permanent cognitive loss, behavioral issues, and emotional disturbances, which require daily medical or social attentions.[1, 2] It is believed that over 2% US population is experiencing TBI-associated disabilities which create an annual burden evaluated at $60 billion on direct (medical service) and indirect (loss of productivity) costs.[3, 4] Traumatic brain injury is complex which consists of a mechanical trauma (primary injury) and a resulting biochemical cascade (secondary injury), and lead to a wide diversity of symptoms.[5]
Traumatic brain injuries, ingestion of toxic substances that alter the brain, emotional distress, and hypoxia/ anoxia serve as the most common causes for amnesia. Traumatic brain injuries occur because of damage to brain tissue, such as concussions, alteration, lesions, and destruction of tissue. Due to complex neural connections and pathways, the severing of any of them is irreplaceable. Toxic substances could include many drugs such as alcohol or other illegal concentrated substances. When the brain receives inadequate oxygen, it suffers hypoxia, and when the brain cannot receive any oxygen, it undergoes
Traumatic brain injury or TBI occurs when a child has a head injury that causes damage to the brain. These injuries can be caused from being hit in the head or violently shaken. The results of TBI can change how a person’s brain develops, how they act, move, and think. It can also affect how they learn in school (NICHCY, 2012). TBI can affect the way a child thinks, retains information, attention span, behavior, speech, physical activities (which includes walking), and the way a child learns.
Awareness about the severity of concussions, particularly on young brains, has increased, but researchers are still seeing a rise in high school concussions. According to the National Academy of Sciences, out of 10,000 high school football games and practices there are approximately eleven concussions reported; two times more than college football. But researchers strongly believe the number for high school football concussions would be significantly higher if there were more reported concussions and less unreported. Safety guidelines for concussions in the NFL and NCAA have increased, but there is still an insufficient amount of safety in high school sports. Many high schools in the United States should have stricter guidelines to better
There is growing attention and awareness to the topic of concussions. It is an important topic, especially for athletes who are more prone to head injuries. I especially like this topic because it helped me understand what the process was if I ever received a concussion. I also wanted to know what needs to be done in order to treat a concussion. I used the school database from the our school library website to find great sources with credible information. I used the CRAAP test on most and they all received a very high score. I found In the past ten years, across the country, there has been debate about how athletic leagues should address concussions. Surprisingly, the body of research and information indicates that there is no special treatment
Stokes, W.S. “Animals and the 3 R’s on Toxicology Research and Testing.” Human and Experimental Toxicology December 2015: 7. Academic Search Premier. Web. 14 February
For centuries sports have been the interest point for players and fans all around the nation and the participation has risen for athletics in professional, collegiate and high school athletics. With the increase of athletes comes the increase in injuries. Over the past decade the most common type of injury suffered by the athletes has been concussions. In 2012 alone 3,800,000 concussions were reported. Although concussions have just been introduced into the news and media in the last 10 years, concussions have been present in the history of sports for many years and continue to play an important role in the sports world today. In a article about the history of concussions, the author explains how the original research of brain related injuries
As a result of many deaths of professional athletes through suicide as well as general concern for health, concussion awareness and testing is as high as it’s ever been. Precautions and tests are currently being set up in almost sports in the attempt to diminish the long term effects. Although the symptoms and exact recovery time are still unknown, doctors and researchers are sure that concussions and other forms of head impacts can have long term effects that can present serious issues throughout the rest of these individual’s lives. The risk of potential damage to the brain increases as the number of concussions increase. In the athletics, players deliver and absorb many hits to the head which a primary reason why rules and regulations at a levels of football, for example, are changing to try and decrease the number of concussions received by players and to make the game safer to those who play it. However these head injuries are not just restricted to athletics, roughly three million Americans have brain injuries every year, half of which are considered serious (Dekosky 2010). Also, many of our nation’s brave men and women suffer traumatic head injuries that take months, even years to fully recover from. Though the exact number of concussions in soldiers can be completely accurate, many army officials believe it to be around eighteen percent (Charles 2008).
Due to the ever increasing use of aspartame, researchers have discovered that aspartame has been closely associated with the function of the brain. In the human brain, there is a blood-brain barrier that acts as a system of specialized capillary structures that are designed to prevent toxic substances from entering the brain. Prior to birth and during the first 12 months of life, the blood-brain barrier is incomplete. The protective enzymes in a baby’s brain are still immature, and therefore are unable to effectively detoxify the excitotoxins, toxins that bind to certain receptors and may cause neuronal cell death when they enter the brain. This would mean that in the case o...
My objective in the long term is to provide therapeutic and counseling services that assist persons suffering with traumatic brain injury (TBI) or acquired brain injury (ABI) in coping and recovering from the mental illnesses that often accompany such tragedies. TBI/ABI has shown a proven link with “anxiety, depression, personality changes, aggression (National Alliance on Mental Illness Veterans Resource Center May 8, 2009 Traumatic Brain Injury)”, as well as many other issues. As the caregiver for a survivor of a rare and deadly strain of encephalitis, I have a personal perspective that I feel brings much to the discussion. I see the information I am currently gathering at Empire State College as the building blocks that pave the way to a thrilling career in a growing segment of the mental health industry. The CDC claims that approximately 1.4 million Americans suffer TBIs annually (Centers for Disease Control Injury Center May 30, 2007 Traumatic Brain Injury in the United States: Emergency Department Visits, Hospitalizations, and Deaths) and it has been called the “signature injury” of the current wars in Iraq & Afghanistan by the National Alliance on Mental Illness. As such, it is my belief that we need to focus time and energy on developing new programs to help these patients to cope with the new limitations and encourage rehabilitation and restoration.
Over the past four years, I have seen more doctors than the average person would see in their lifetime, from endocrinologists to neurosurgeons, searching for answers to overcome my traumatic brain injury. Up until a few months ago, I had just about lost hope of ever getting better. Every Doctor I had been to was extremely limited in what they could do for me. This was a result of three concussions in a three month time frame when I was 14. Two months later I received another head injury, one that would leave debilitating symptoms for the next four years. Prior to these injuries, I wasn't sure of what I wanted to do with my life, or what my future would entail. This drastically changed in the course of the last four years, dealing with my head