One of the key components of the human condition is the capacity to change. People can change their attitudes, their beliefs, their behaviors and more. They can change for the positive and for the negative. There are numerous elements to understanding change and there are several theories devoted to understanding change and helping to bring about positive change. These different theories include the Transtheoretical Model, Social Cognitive Theory, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.1 Each theory has merit and may apply to different people at different times. However, there are some key elements that span several theories, that tend to frequently bring about change. One element of change that is important to note is that change can be either …show more content…
Factors influencing behavior can be intrinsic, extrinsic, self-determined, or non-self-determined.6 Non-self determined extrinsic motivators to change include those motivations attached to a negative consequence.6 In this case, someone obeys the speed limit to avoid getting a ticket. While this type of motivation can work, more meaningful and long-lasting change is usually elicited through the other motivators to change. Self-determined extrinsic motivators are reasons that are outside the individual, but valued by the individual.6 These types of motivators include, financial gain or social approval. Intrinsically motivated changes are those made for their inherent benefit or enjoyment.6 This involves behavior change such as taking up a new hobby as a means of entertainment. Any of these motivators can produce change, but any one of these may outweigh the other at a given time or place. Active change is ultimately precipitated by an alignment of one’s thoughts, feelings and beliefs about the change and its expected outcomes. Thoughts and feelings of self-efficacy, or the ability to change are necessary, as is an environment that supports this change. Without this, there may be a disharmony in one’s self that makes adhering to change
Kotter, J. P. & Cohen, D. S. (2002). The heart of change: Real-life stories of how people change
For many, change is a cause for ignorance. Most of us fear the idea of change. When one is faced to deal with c...
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy provides a collaborative relationship between the client and the therapist with the ultimate goal of identifying irrational beliefs and disputing those beliefs in an effort to change or adapt behavior (Corey, 2013). The developers of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy saw humans as capable of both rational and irrational thoughts and able to change the processes that contribute to irrational thinking (Corey, 2013). CBT is a more direct approach than some other therapy theories practiced today in that it challenges the client to identify aspects about their self through cognitions. This therapy, as discussed in Corey (2013) also provides an educational component such that therapist teach clients tools to effectively change the way they think to a healthier way. There are a multitude of techniques associated with CBT such as shame attacking exercises, changing ones language...
It is inconceivable that people are motivated solely or even mainly by external incentives” (p. 27). Intrinsic motivation is when a person acts upon their own interest and enjoyment. Extrinsic motivation comes from avoiding punishment or obtaining external rewards. Motivation gained from intrinsic beliefs can only come to fruition once everyone is well accounted for. If humans are tasked with mindless routine as jobs, there is a chance that they can be replaced with machinery. When it comes to the workplace, running on extrinsic motivation might boost motivation the first time; however, it starts to dissipate once rewards and incentives runs
Hazel, M. "Change is crucial in a person’s life." N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Dec. 2008. .
The Transtheoretical Model has been used successfully to assist people who are in need of weight loss and maintenance. (25).The current study is conducted to identify the stages of change, the processes of change in overweight and obese adolescents. Research results revealed that among the subjects, 23.6% were in the pre-contemplation stage, 56.8% in contemplation stage, 7.6% in preparation stage, 5.2% in action stage, and 6.8% were in maintenance stage.
Once stated by Dwight D. Eisenhower, “Motivation is the art of getting people to do what you want them to do because they want to do it.” The aforementioned ideology places an emphasis on an individual’s internal desires, rather than an outside/external force driving the individual’s consciousness (cognitive evaluation.) Therefore intrinsic motivation is one in which an individual 's own desire comes from within; a relentless and genuine passion for an intended goal. On the contrary, when an individual relies on external factors such as, a reward or any other form of external reinforcement, an extrinsic motivation is exhibited. Although society likes to stress the importance in pursuing an internal motivation, in today 's modern world, an extrinsic factor far outweighs an internal desire to accomplish an objective.
The case would be approached with the notion that a persons' way of thinking affects their feelings and actions regarding any particular situation. Approaching the case from this perspective forms the basis for cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). The CBT approach allows the individual to develop a positive response to life challenges even though the situation may tend to remain similar. CBT focuses on learning, unlike other psychotherapeutic approaches which rely in abundance on analyzing and exploring individual's relationship with their immediate environment. The therapist’s role in CBT is to guide the patient through a learning process on how to develop and implement new methods of thinking and behaving throughout
There are several principles outlined within the framework of CBT: thinking, cognitions and behavioral change. The concept of thinking is commonly confused with one’s emotions; in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, one must first identify and differentiate their feelings from their thoughts. The feelings that are identified and shared may instead be thoughts and beliefs that are expressed in an emotional statement. Cognitions affect behavior and behavioral responses come from the process of rewarding or unrewarding consequences, indicating that cognitions can be changed and monitored. Lastly, behavioral change allows clients to focus on their misconceptions which can result in the realization that change may be
According to the Social Cognitive Theory, changing a behavior is a function of individual characteristics: a person’s sense of self efficacy about the new behavior, their confidence and overcoming barriers. The person’s behavioral capability, expectations and expectancies, their level of self-control and emotional coping ability; environmental factors: the social and physical environment surrounding individuals. The behavior of others (“modeling”) and the consequences of that behavior, which result in vicarious learning. The situation in which the behavior takes place, and perceptions of the situation by individuals. Reinforcements (negative or positive) that are given to individuals in response to the behavior; the interactive process of reciprocal determinism where a person acts based on individual factors and social/environmental cues, receives a response from that environment, adjust behavior, acts again and so on (Edberg, 2015). Ensuring that patients receive social skills training, self-efficacy boost, an educational component and vicarious learning is in alignment with the social cognitive theory. Unfortunately, there are certain regions that suffer from health and socioeconomic disparities that lead to extraordinarily poor health outcomes that would benefit from the implementation of the social cognitive
My whole life, I have been presented to a single element called change. Change occurs in many different forms and is carried out in many different ways. However, just recently, I have come to the realization that change can be the deepest of all subjects. I always assumed that change occured when you moved to a new town or when you lost someone close to you. Those are elements to change, yes, but change doesn't have to occur over a single dramatic event. It can just happen overnight when your brain determines it's time to do something different.
Intrinsically motivated behaviors are those that one does for enjoyment of the activity itself. There is no external reward for these behaviors, and it is seen as a prototype for autonomous behaviors. Extrinsically motivated behaviors are those that one does to illicit a direct consequence. In some cases, one might behave a certain way to avoid punishment, or alternatively, to receive a reward. Most people are extrinsically motivated to go to work every day. There are four different types of extrinsic motivation: External, introjected, identified, and integrated. For certain activities, Amotivation can occur, which usually has negative effects. This occurs when people’s needs aren’t being satisfied by whatever they are doing. Each of the types of motivation can be located on The Self-Determination
According to Robert E. Quinn(p.205) there are two types of motivation (extrinsic and intrinsic). Extrinsic motivation refers to the source of motivation in which the behavior concern external factors such as money, praise or rewards. Whereas intrinsic motivation is the behavior which is internally concerning an individual.
The SCT is important to health education because it utilizes differing areas, cognition, environment and behaviors to understand behavior change. This theory’s constructs give a range of opportunities to research behavior. Several important factors to the SCT are a person’s abilities to foresee outcomes, learn by observing others, self-regulation and self-determined behavior and to analyze behavior and experiences. The person, the behavior and the environment interact to determine how one will behave. There are several major concepts implicated in the SCT: environment, situation, behavioral capability, expectations, expectancy, self-control, observed learning, reinforcements, self-efficacy, and coping strategies.
Mullins (2002) also classifies motivation into Intrinsic and Extrinsic types. Intrinsic motivation involves psychological rewards to enhance job satisfaction, such as the opportunity to use one's ability, a sense of achievement, receiving appreciation and positive recognition or being treated in a considerate manner (Mullins, 2002:P490). Such methods ensure employees are constantly motivated while being engaged in activities that are enjoyable and rewarding.