iii. EU legislation
i. Habitats Directive has been often criticised to obstruct large-scale renewable infrastructure. We are opposed to this idea as we consider the EU Birds and Habitat Directives to present a transparent and robust legal framework for renewables deployment. It is primordial that for each sustainable development, environmental impacts regarding the technology design and the location considered should be initially assessed to provide that the impacts on Natura2000 sites could be limited or mitigated. Application of the Habitat Directive Article 6(3) and 6(4) preclude that in the case that there are no less-detrimental alternatives to achieve the public interest, Habitat Directives does not prevent development even when mitigation
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Tidal Lagoons position
i. Tidal lagoon is an innovative approach worth considering. We welcome opportunity’s exploration, working closely with Tidal Lagoon Power to investigate the benefits and identify the risks present with this kind of project. Similarly to tidal range, lagoons use hydropower turbine technology to produce renewable energy from tides’ movement, whilst maintaining the environmental impacts within acceptable limits. ii. However, even if they impede the environment to a lesser extend, tidal lagoon still will modify the Bristol Channel coastline, disturbing the current stream, which in turn will effect the intertidal habitats, flood danger and sediment movement. There are no lagoon schemes constructed yet anywhere in the world, therefore it is crucial to continue investigating the potential adverse environmental and social effects to mitigate them. iii. We support the development of such technology, but believe that implementing such schemes prematurely can prevent the full benefits of this technology. Therefore, we recognise the importance of monitoring and computer modelling to first confirm the current
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RSPB and the Severn Embryonic Technologies Scheme
i. In 2010, we welcomed the Severn Embryonic Technologies Scheme investigation part of the Feasibility Study. However, we believed that it was under-represented in the overall study and did not receive sufficiently finance (£0.5m out of the £20m). Also, we were disappointed to not see any of these schemes present from the full Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA). ii. We strongly encourage the Government to invest substantially in research and development on low environmental impact renewable energy such as tidal streams technologies such as tidal fence, offshore wind energy, and wave energy. Doing so, the Government encourages the engineering community to develop designs which are more environmental benign. iii. Due to incomplete knowledge regarding the different technologies environmental impacts and the potential irreparable damages to biodiversity, we believe that a step-by step approach is more prudent regarding the clean energy production infrastructure
Case Study of Hastings Coastal Management Hastings is a town on the south coast of England approximately 60 miles south of London (see map below). In recent years, the coastline at Hastings has had to face many large scale problems, including the 10 km stretch from Hastings eastwards to the small town of Fairlight. With the coastline at constant exposure to the English Channel, there are many coastal processes which take place along the stretch of beach and cliff. [IMAGE][IMAGE] [IMAGE][IMAGE] Longshore Drift [IMAGE] Fetch [IMAGE]The map on the left illustrates the location of Hastings and also the area of the coastline which is being discussed in this case study.
I believe that killer whales held hostage, should be retired and allowed to live freely because of the unnatural punishment and torture that Seaworld is putting them through. There has been 151 cases of aggression between Orcas and their trainers. Also 100% of male Orcas in captivity have a collapsed fin compared to the 0.01% in the wild. In fact, every single mother within captivity has had its calf taken away around age 2. This isn't going to stop without your help. So, here are some more facts to convince you to SAS ( strike against Seaworld. )
"Hey mom!" "Yes, my dear?" "It's starting to look like that Orca wants to drown its trainer." "Oh no sweetie. It's just your imagination." But what if it's not?
In February of 2010, a woman named Dawn Brancheau died while working as an animal trainer at SeaWorld in Orlando, Florida. There has been a large amount of debate about the circumstances surrounding her death—some say she slipped and fell, while others say that she was dragged in by one of the orcas, Tilikum. The controversy over her tragic death brought this question to the surface: should parks like SeaWorld be closed down for safety reasons? While this argument has been going on for a long time, the death of Brancheau spurred a wave of debates about whether the park should be allowed to remain open. On one side, people believe the parks should be shut down and the animals should be released from captivity in an effort to protect the animals and the humans. On the other side of the argument, people believe the parks should be kept open because of the benefits they offer to the world in education and conservation. In light of SeaWorld’s recent transitions, I believe the park should remain open to the public.
The tidal salt marshes make vital contributions to the ecosystem in Jamaica Bay. The marshes help spawning processes and are primary nursery for species important to both recreational and commercial uses, providing protection from storm surges, and also removing pollutants and other toxic substances, which as a result, acts as a natural filter, improving the water quality in the bay. Salt marshes are low lying, grasslands that periodically become overwhelmed and drained by high tides. The fish and shellfish nurseries and are also a feeding ground for various species of wildlife in the ecosystem. They support a variety of invertebrates such as mussels, shrimp, oysters and horseshoe crabs that are key elements of the estuarine ecosystem. However, throughout the past few decades, the salt marshes at Jamaica Bay has significantly declined which created a tremendous negative impact on the general public in addition to the deterioration on the living habitats in the area. Many factors contribute to the decline such as sediment depletion, neighboring developments, increased tidal ranges, and especially nitrogen loading from untreated sewage. Although the damages done were unintentional, much of it was occurred due to negligence. As awareness has increased, restoration efforts have escalated as well as various groups respond well to mitigate the losses.
What would have it been like without the nuclear test on the Bikini Atoll? Would it have been good or bad? Let’s find out! The test on Bikini Atoll contained two tests named “Able” which is the Airdrop. And “Baker” which is the underwater tests. Both were deadly, inflicting immense damage upon the environment of Bikini Atoll. So if It was without these two tests what would happen? The US could may have not found a way to defend from another country’s atomic bomb if It were to happen. But we may just elaborate another solution to defend against other countries from bombing our place. So It would be a great idea to never have bombed Bikini Atoll.
Globally coastal wetlands are disappearing at an alarming rate, the problem is most of society does not realize the value of these precious wetlands. Coastal wetlands provide an important role in the coastal ecosystem. “Coastal wetlands provide critical services such as absorbing energy from coastal storms, preserving shorelines, protecting human populations and infrastructure, supporting commercial seafood harvests, absorbing pollutants and serving as critical habitat for migratory bird populations”(Anonymous, 2011). Coastal wetlands are an economical asset as well as an environmental one.
In everyday life, there are things that one needs to survive. And sustainability problems arise every day. One such problem is energy loss. The world is using up a lot of energy and new ideas need to be formed to help the rest of the world and the future of the generations that are to follow, to survive. With that the problem is that people use up energy and they do not use it efficiently. Therefore scientists are needed to find ways to deal with the sustainability problem that is arising. That is where wind turbines are used to generate this energy but the actual wind-turbines are very large, loud and they kill birds, thus new designs need to be found in order to help energy usage and to bring the size and structure of the wind turbines to a smaller scale to prevent injuries to nature and the species around it.
Mythical sea creatures are normally ugly and creepy, except for mermaids. Some mermaids are elegant and graceful, while others are pretty and musical, but all of them are pretty much like humans, except for the fishy part. Mermaids are interesting because you can make your own mermaid mythology! Mermaids can eat pretty much anything edible that’s in seas, oceans, or lakes. They can eat: seaweed, fish, shellfish, crustaceans,and algae.
The EIA Directive aims to be integrative of all interested actors and to make a wide range of projects sustainable, in order to protect the environment, enhance the quality of life and reduce any friction between planners, developers and local communities [European Union (EU), 2009]. It is a process constituted by different stages from screening to evaluating and monitoring the impacts of the project implemented (Wood, 2003).
Once upon a time in an ocean far, far away there was a young mermaid princess who had no care in the world. Except for herself, of course, her name was Ariel. Every morning she depended on her father to say good morning to her and tell her how beautiful she is. She would belittle her other sisters at the breakfast table and tell them they could lay off a couple meals and they might look as good as herself. Her sisters were all so jealous of her because she always got what she wanted and it was always the best of the best and nothing less.
The Web. The Web. 1 May 2014. http://naturalresources.house.gov/issues/issue/?IssueID=8267>. The “PV Report” www.ise.fraunhofer.de.
Hydropower, the use of water to power machinery or produce electricity, provides the most renewable energy in the United States, and uses alternating current in most modern plants ("Hydropower…”). Hydropower relies on the water cycle and is a clean fuel source; it doesn’t pollute the environment like plants that burn fossil fuels. It is by far the most efficient way to generate electricity, being half the cost of using nuclear power, two-fifths the cost of using fossil fuels, and a quarter the cost of using natural gas ("Wind and Water…”). Also, hydropower is not subject to market fluctuations of embargos, and the average lifespan of a facility is 100 years. Hydropower also has many non-energy benefits such as water supply, flood control, navigation, irrigation, and recreation. However, it does face many environmental challenges such as impacts to aquatic habitats, aesthetic alterations of landscapes, changes to water quality, and interruptions of marine life ("Hydropower…”).
Tidal Energy is a renewable resource because it receives its energy from the gravitational forces from the Sun and Moon. Not only is Tidal Energy a renewable resource, but it is also environmentally friendly. Tidal Energy does not emit any climate gases into the atmosphere. Because certain Tides take place at certain times of the year, at a mostly consistent rate, Tides are very predictable. Knowing whether or not it will be a high tide or a low tide makes it easier to be able to construct the Tidal Power System. Tidal Energy will not need much power to generate it. Tidal Energy will be able to generate electricity at low speeds, because water has a high
In the search for alternatives to fossil fuels, scientists and policy makers have focused on three options: nuclear power, energy from biomass; and a combination of wind, water, and solar power. Nuclear power, however, is much more costly and runs the risk of having it fall into the wrong hands where it could be turned into a weapon of mass destruction. The third option entails wind turbines, photovoltaic power plants and rooftop systems, concentrated solar thermal power plants,...