Health Promotion Model
The health promotion model was created by Nola J Pender a former professor of nursing at the university of Michigan in 1982. Nola J. Pender health promotion model is considered a middle-range theory in nursing. A middle range theory simple means it “fill gaps between grand nursing theories and nursing practice” (McEwen & Wills, 2007). Since it is a middle range theory this would create a limit of concepts that can be used in practice and research. Nola J. Pender whole focus of the health promotion model is to increase the individual level of well-being. She later on revised her theory or model in 1996 based on changing theoretical outlooks and new findings. The health promotion model can be related to the four concepts
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So the individual biological factors such that of age, BMI, pubertal status, menopausal status, aerobic capacity, strength, agility or balance plays a role. Not only that, but also the individual psychological factors such as self-esteem, self-motivation and perceived health contributes to the individual characteristics. Perceived health status of an individual is the person sociocultural factor which includes race, ethnicity acculturation education, and socioeconomic status (Masters, 2011).
Behavior specific cognitions and
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The person in the health promotion model is defined as the individual or a biopsychical organism (Pender, 2011). The person has an equal relationship between the individual and the environment he or she lives in. Meaning the person is shaped by their environment but they have chance to create an environment in which their inherent and acquired human potential can be fully expressed (Pender, 2011). the person characteristics as well as life experiences shape health behaviors. the individual can manipulate their environment to create a positive context of cues and facilitators for health enhancing behaviors. while nurses can work with individual, families and communities to create the most favorable conditions for the expression of optimal health and high level of well-being. The health promotion model defines health as "positive dynamic state not merely the absence of disease" (Health promotion model). Meaning "health in reference to the individual is defined as the actualization of inherent and acquired human potential through goal-directed behavior, competent self-care, and satisfying relationships with others, while adjustments are made as needed to maintain structural integrity and harmony with relevant environments" (Pender,
Whitehead, D., Wang, Y., Wang, J., Zhang, J., Sun, Z., & Xie, C. (2008). Health promotion and health education practice: nurses' perceptions. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 61(2), 181-187.
Tannahill, A., Tannahill, C., & Downie, R. S. (1999) Health Promotion. Models and Values. Oxford University Press.
Another advantage would be that is recognises the interrelationships between socio-cultural and environmental factors that influence social constructs. Many cultural and environmental factors impact and influence in individual?s health. Some of these may include, the climatic conditions, physical environment which influences the health of the individual and what society and culture expects of them. Climatic conditions can have a big impact of an individual?s health because of the decreasing amount of space to do physical activity.
3). The seven dimensions are: Physical, Social, Intellectual, Occupational, Emotional, Environmental and Spiritual. Physical health is the literal physical aspects of a person. For example, characteristics physically such as body size and body functioning. The ability to perform activities in people’s daily lives, such as getting out of bed and bending to the shoes are also examples of physical health (Donatelle & Kolen-Thompson, 2013, p. 3). To up keep physical health people must keep track of dietary intake, sleep, alcohol, tobacco intake and keep physically active (Donatelle & Kolen-Thompson, 2013, p. 3). For social health, it is the capacity for satisfying interpersonal relationships, interacting with other, and other social situations (Donatelle & Kolen-Thompson, 2013, p. 4). This dimension of health is based on the day to day socialism each person has towards other people, or the environment. To keep healthy in this dimension one must be both a better listener and communicator and speaker. Following the saying, “Think before you speak” will help with social
Health is described as physical and mental well-being and freedom from disease, pain or defect. However, such descriptions only superficially define the actual meaning of health. There may be many occasions when individuals are not necessarily ill or in pain but may be overweight, stressed or emotionally unstable. Health is a quality of life involving dynamic interaction and interdependence among the individual’s physical state, their mental and emotional reactions, and the social context in which the individual exists. There are many factors that influence your health, but three major components contribute to general well-being: Self-awareness, a balanced diet and, regular physical activity.
Health promotion is a multifaceted movement with a core value on respect, empowerment, equity, inclusion and social justice (MacDougall 2002). Aims to achieve holistic health, while it is influenced by medical and social determinants. These determinants which aids to deter...
There are many other factors that is important which are the life experiences, social and economic experience. All these factors have been an important due to the role that it plays within the individual or people lives. Within the studies of social determinant of health, some of the factors that many peoples agree that have affect the individual or people health is income and the social- economic status. There are many evidences that have proved that the individual income plays a big part in determining the person health. People who are in upper class are more likely to be more health than average or poor family.
The model that I think best coincides with my definition is the Health Protection/ Promotion Model. This model assists people to recover following threats to health, and to achieve the highest level of health possible. Health promotion model believes that leisure, particularly perceived freedom, intrinsic motivation, and self-determination are key factors in health. This model has a humanistic perspective which means that it views people as capable of change and responsible for their health. It emphasizes an individual’s inherent drive towards self-actualization and creativity. The health promotion model concentrates on the purposeful nature of therapeutic recreation, perceived control and freedom, and self-determination. It views actualization tendencies as a means to stimulate growth and movement to wellness. Wellness occurs when a person’s physical, psychological, and environmental functioning leads to self-actualization. It believes health is an intricate state in which individuals are coping with change and growing and developing. This model uses perspective activities as well as recreation and leisure to promote and protect the health of others. Perspective refers to a person 's outlook or way of viewing something. When using this technique, they provide them with a simple definition and explanation then further
To start off, I am going to explain the Health Promotion definition. Health is one’s ability to function well physically, mentally, and socially in order to function within the environment in which they are living in (World Health Organization, 2016). Encouraging one’s control over their own health in relation to social and environmental interventions defines health promotion which leads to the optimization of health (World Health Organization, 2016). It is essential for older adults to partake in changing their lifestyle in terms of their behavior and applying the knowledge they receive from health care providers in order to promote health (World Health Organization, 2016). Older adults mostly have a hard time taking care of themselves and need the assistance to guide them for their well-being. Therefore, nurses have a vital role in providing information and teaching individuals how to gain healthy ideas to promote healthy behaviors. Health promotion is a crucial element in supporting an older adult living with a health challenge such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
McLeroy, K.R., Bibeau, D., Steckler, A., et.al. (1988). An ecological perspective on health promotion programs. Education Quarterly, 15, 351-377.
To reach a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, an individual or group must be able to identify and to realize aspirations, to satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment. Health is, therefore, seen as a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living. Health is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities. Therefore, health promotion is not just the responsibility of the health sector, but goes beyond healthy life-styles to wellbeing. Health promotion goes beyond health care. It puts health on the agenda of policy makers in all sectors and at all levels. It directs policy makers to be aware of the health consequences of their decisions and accept their responsibilities for
Health is a state of well being, allowing humans to care for themselves independently. Everyone’s health condition is different and every person has a different perception of health. My view of health has affected my nursing practice in that I believe nurses must be competent, understanding the varying degrees of health and advocating on behalf of the patients. I believe when people no longer have the ability to take care of themselves independently, nurses are educated to assess, develop a plan of care, implement the plan, and make changes in order to achieve optimum health for all humans. I continuously make an effort to understand each patient’s specific health condition while striving to provide optimum
Cohen, B. (2012). Population health promotion models and strategies. In L. Stamler & L. Yiu
Health promotion is the process of improving health status of a person and prevention of disease by enabling the person to take control of their health. It is not just the absence of disease (Maben, & Clark, 1995). Health promotion is commonly used term in health care world, and in current society the promotion of health has greater significance, especially with the rise in consumerism. Health promotion is a vital concept for nursing, symbolizing notions that nursing is related today. Nurses are being urged to take a health promotion role, and are deemed by others as an ideal role for them. It is therefore crucial that nurses cognize the meaning of health promotion and also what is expected from them by undertaking this
Emotional health includes a person who has full control of his emotions of himself as well as for those people around him and has developed self-confidence, trust within his peers and love that is unwavering in the midst of hardships. Intellectual health describes a person ability to reinforce his experiences through learnings. A socially healthy person is one who can forge strong bonds within his acquaintances and to be able to cope up the usual day-to-day drama. Spiritual wellness involves the strengthening of ones’ belief and at the same time being open to new beliefs. And a physically healthy person takes care of his body and practices healthy habits. Health educators install these five dimensions to their clients by identifying the needs through Maslows’ Hierarchy of needs (Bastable,