2.2 Theoretical Literature Review
2.2.1 Definition of export performance
The dictionary meaning of Export performance is the relative success or failure of the efforts of a firm or nation to sell domestically-produced goods and services in other nations. Export performance can be described in objective terms such as sales, profits, or marketing measures or by subjective measures such as distributor or customer satisfaction.
Export performance refers to the outcomes of a firm’s export activities (Canvusgil and Zou et.al.,1994) and considered as one of the major indicators of the success of a firm’s operations/export activities (Jalali, 2012).
Shoham (1998) defends that “export performance is conceptualized as a composite outcome of a
…show more content…
The SCP paradigm is rooted in the industrial organization theory; and this theory puts a focus on the whole industry and the market conditions a firm operates within, rather than the company itself. This paradigm, therefore, stresses that the behavior of a firm is determined by the characteristics of its external environment, which is represented by its industry characteristics and export markets environment (Fu et al., 2010). The logic is that the external environment imposes pressure to which the firm must adapt in order to survive and prosper. (Collis, 1991), thereby defining the specific context and characteristics needed to improve export …show more content…
Production and export of oilseeds are however, dominated by a group of producing countries. The United States, China, Brazil, India, Argentina, the EU, and Canada are the world’s largest producers, which account for about 70 percent of global oilseeds output (Hoffman et al., 1999) as cited( Fenta et.al 2011). For example, in 2008-09, EU-27 total oilseeds production stood at 27.2 million metric tons while estimated production for 2009-10 stood at 29.6 million metric tons whereas China’s annual total oilseeds production for 2010-11 was estimated to be 54.6 million metric tons. Despite increasing production, erratic climatic conditions in many countries in general, and throughout the South American continent in particular, have been affecting oilseeds production. The United States, Brazil, Argentina and the EU dominate export market, which account for over 80 percent of the world oilseeds exports. Despite substantial growth in oilseeds production in the past 25 years, and recent gains in export volume, both exporters and importers have been engaged in trade distorting policies such as deferential export taxes and production subsidies. As a result, many attempts have been made to favor domestic oilseeds production at the expense of imports or to encourage domestic processing of imported oilseeds versus imports of oilseeds products. Of course, several major initiatives have been undertaken to reduce trade
Last year, Canada received 443 billion dollars in revenue from exporting goods throughout the world. Almost 54% of that was covered by Canada’s three major exports (Stat Can.) - mineral products, transportation items, and electrical equipment and machinery. While preparing theses resources for export may be difficult, it is worth it. This essay will review the large role exports play in Canadian economy by being a immense source of income, allowing Canada to maintain robust trade routes and relations throughout the world, and providing Canadians with many jobs.
Exportation: This is the phrase in the team transfers team member’s expertise and enthusiasm to those members who will carry out the team’s activities by bringing the teams creation into display for the organization and the market place to buy in. It is bringing the team’s creation, activities to display. After this display the teams get feedback from the organization and the consumers about their product display. The main activities for the teams in this phrase include Task coordination and ambassadorship. The leadership activity here involves a lot of relating with the organization and the customers.
Currently, the United States is the largest producer of corn in the world. In 2010, it produced 32% of the world’s corn crop. Corn is grown on approximately 400,000 U.S. farms, showing the importance of corn in the United States’ diets. Twenty percent of the corn produced is exported and corn grown for grain accounts for almost one quarter of the harvested crop acres in this country (National Corn Grower's Associatio...
Shifting back to a more locally sourced food economy is often touted as a fairly straightforward way to cut externalities, restore some measure of equity between producers and consumers, and put the food economy on a more sustainable footing.” (source E). The long-distance transportation of food uses a profligate amount of fuel and exploits cheap labor in the process. It can greatly assist the environment to buy from local sources by making the carbon footprint of food production lesser and saving natural resources such as oil.
Wignaraja, G. (2012) . Do Exporting Firms in the People’s Republic of China Innovate? ADBI Working Paper 365. Tokyo: Asian Development Bank Institute. Available: http://www.adbi.org/working-paper/2012/07/03/5135.exporting.firm.prc.innovate
The composition and structure of Canada’s trade is an ever changing entity. We are one of the chief lumber exporters in the world. We posses vast oil fields in Alberta, where there are about three-hundred billion barrels of oil as opposed to only two-hundred and sixty in Saudi Arabia. Grains are ex...
Corn is a high commodity in the U.S; our ham, eggs and pancakes for breakfast, California BLT at lunch, or double cheese hamburger for dinner were all produced with U.S. Cor...
Organizational performance results: How the organization performs in all key business areas, including customer satisfaction, financial performance, human resources, partner performance, operational performance, governance and social responsibility. (ASQ, n.d.)
The numbers presented about trade outside of the united states is impressive. What is even more impressive is that there are less than 1% of companies in the U.S. that export, which is the lowest level of active exporters in the industrialized world and 70% of the world’s purchasing power exists outside of the U.S. This means that export in America is virtually an untapped market and many businesses are overlooking the opportunity to service a majority of their consumers. There is no reason to let fear, uncertainty, and doubt prevent a business from growth. Knowledge is the most useful resource to any individual and business, therefore if knowledge is obtained regarding the matters that bring about fear, uncertainty, and doubt it can easily be determined whether these thought are substantiated or not. Prior to watching this video, I too believed that in order to be successful in the global markets a company had to reach the level of becoming a large, reputable corporation, however, now that I have been equipped with this knowledge I have a new perspective on the growth of a business’s finances and organization. As Scott Szwast stated “In
‘If you can’t measure it, you can’t management it’, [Dan vesset and Brian, M. 2009]. Performance management is concerned with the measurement of results and with studying progress to achieving objectives base on the results. Managing performance can tell you what you’re doing well in, and also reveal areas where you need to make adjustments. Measuring performance tells you how far you’ve gone achieving your ultimate
Performance management is a management tool used to value, monitor and measure a company’s strategies that ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of its product delivery. This management tool does not focus on the organisation and on its employees as well as stakeholders. It is a continuous process that entails that managers make sure that organisational and employee values are corresponding (Aguinis, 2005,p.1/2-1/5). Performance Management brings about the competencies in the employees, increases self-esteem by giving feedback to employees, there is a low number of lawsuits because it helps understand the company better (eThekwini Municipality, 2008,p.10-11). According to Pride, Hughes and Kapoor (2011, p.288) performance management creates motivation for employees; one theory of motivation is of Expectancy, which stipulates that employees satisfaction is driven by expectations of what an organisation will offer in return.
This means that firms might need to pass through a performance deterioration phase in the short run - especially if they were small in size and / or lacking financial and managerial capabilities - before they gain the needed experiential knowledge that would allow them to achieve high performance levels. Similarly, some scholars argue that although the early internationalization phase of companies may have a negative effect on their probability of survival, it may also increase their prospects for growth (Sapienza et al., 2006). Thus, most researches provide clear evidence that there is a positive relationship between internationalization and a firm's growth, especially in the long-term.
Performance management is a great tool for both the employee as well as the organization. For the employee, it gives the employee a clear picture of his areas of improvement and helps him improve and grow. From the organization’s perspective, it lets them understand the potential they have in their employees and how to realize them. It helps them to analyze who are worthy of being held onto and whom to let go so that the organization grows. In all, an effective tool, if used in the correct manner by all the parties involved.
The global population in the year 2050 is expected to be nine billion and the agricultural demand is expected to double. With the current population already over seven billion people, there are hunger issues all around the world (“New” par. 1). How are we going to deal with food shortages in the future? With less land to work with, strains on the soils, and the lack of water, it is getting harder for the farmers of the world to support our growing population. These complications are making it harder for farmers to produce quality, affordable food. To help the crops grow better, farmers use fertilizers and chemical sprays to enhance growth and control the weeds. Farming in the United States is a relevant business because it supplies people with food, provides people with jobs maintaining the used equipment with the new equipment being much more expensive, and it provides research for more efficient ways on how to feed the world.
Currently in the global environment, there is a strong sense of competition that must be achieved through better performance, almost all firms are competing in international markets due to the reduction in barriers for capital and tariffs. With the new changes in both communication and technology, the consequences faced are that production processes are no longer within national boundaries but spread across (Debrah & Smith, 2002).