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Historical development of the NHS in England essay
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The history of the NHS from being chaotic to having an organised st ructure. The structure of the NHS is divided into local authority and social service, hospital services and general practitioners including specialist care. When the NHS was developed, there was no prediction of how much all the services would cost to run. The government introduced the first service charges for dentures in 1951and prescription and spectacle’s in 1952 this could have been due to everyone needing medical care at the same time. This also suggests that individuals health improved, likely to live longer and would need more services in the future which the government realised would be unrealistic to achieve. Even then, as it is currently, it remains difficult …show more content…
There are now 92 of these – all regulated by Monitor, an independent regulator. Foundation Trusts are freed from central control and manage their own budgets. It is government policy to encourage all trusts to attain Foundation status.The NHS is funded primarily out of central taxation. Its total cost in 2005-6 was £76 billion.NHS Wales delivers emergency services known as primary, secondary, and specialist tertiary care services in England and Tier system in Wales. The Hospitals provide outpatient, inpatient, and accident and emergency facilities, and community hospitals run by General Practitioners. Specialist hospitals provide services such as burns units and plastic and cardiac surgery. This includes out of hours GP services, dental services, pharmacies, ambulance service, and sexual health services in the tier system. Community services included and providing services provided by community nurses, health visitors, midwives, and community-based speech therapists, physiotherapists, and occupational therapists. This is achieved through an integrated working partnership under the Welsh Mental Health Measure 2010 (Government, …show more content…
Practitioners are likely to concentrate on the mental health issues rather than the overall issues that prevent the well-being of an individual. For instance, an individual could have other medical issues that need attention but the need could be ignored because a psychiatrist specialises in mental health needs. The previous negative experience of a service user and lack of insight could result in the service user not requesting the support they
The NHS began in 1948 as a result of an act of Parliament in 1946, under the guidance of Aneurin Bevan, then a Minister of the incumbent Labour Government, and in response to the Beveridge Report on The Welfare State of 1942. Most hospitals in the UK had previously been operated as non-profit making concerns. About two-thirds of them had been run by Local Authorities (the bodies also responsible for local Fire Services, Schools, Roads etc), with about one third of them run independently as Voluntary Hospitals. With the NHS act, these were all compulsorily acquired and subsequently administered by the State, and all treatments became universally available at no cost at the point of provision, the whole being centrally funded by taxation. From 1948 onwards all hospital doctors, hospital nurses and all other hospital staff became salaried employees of the State.
This paper will discuss four potential persons I might become. I see myself most strongly becoming a Peer Specialist. The role of a Peer Specialist is very important in helping people suffering from mental illnesses to accept, educate, cope and advocate for themselves to bring down the barriers that have been a stereotypical thorn in their sides’ mainly through a social disease called discrimination. This discrimination is basically society’s lack of understanding the world of the mentally disturbed.
‘Since its launch in 1948, the NHS has grown to become the world’s largest publicly funded health service. NHS employs more than 1.7m people and deals on average with 1m patients every 36 hours. It is also one of the most efficient, most egalitarian and most comprehensive. Even though NHS services in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are managed separately and each might have some system differences, they remain similar in most respects and belong to a single, unified system. The NHS core principle is that good healthcare should be available to all, regardless of wealth.’ (NHS, 2010) Success of NHS depends on how well the organisation balance quality and customer (patient) satisfaction with adequate financing and long-range goals. Health care organisations such as NHS must deal with government oversight, managed care, new technologies, and increasing pharmaceutical prices.
I agree with Heath’s argument that a two-tier health care system is effective as long as it does not undermine the integrity of the public insurance mechanism. The main argument against the two-tier health care system is that doctors will turn away from the public sector to pursue a higher income within a private practice. The concern arises that this will cause a scarcity of doctors within the public sector. I believe this argument is invalid and will discuss throughout this paper why the two-tier system improves upon health care systems in many ways.
The purpose of this essay is to introduce the history of the National Health Service (NHS) and how its formation derived from the early 1600s. It will analyse two current political issues that occur within the NHS, the postcode lottery and the reformation of the NHS, examining the positive and negative effects they have had. It will also discuss implications of regulations within professional practice and how they account for quality of care.
The NHS is funded by the taxes of working people in the UK. The NHS was launched in 1948. It was created due to the idea that good healthcare should be available to everyone, regardless of wealth or status. You might be charged such as prescriptions for, some things. This applies to people who work who are over the age of 18 in England. The NHS in England deals with millions of patients every 24-26 hours. The NHS covers everything, including antenatal screenings, routine screenings, and treatments for long-term conditions such as cancer, transplants and end-of-life care. The NHS is responsible for healthcare in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and
The economic evaluation will establish whether the new service represents an efficient use of NHS (and societal) resources. The service can be considered cost-effective under the following conditions: (i) it saves money and generates improvements in health outcomes; (ii) it adds to costs and generates health improvements, with the incremental cost per unit of health gain considered good value relative to other uses of resources; (iii) it reduces costs and leads to a deterioration in health outcomes but the incremental cost per unit of health gain of standard management is not considered good value relative to other uses of resources. The purpose of the economic evaluation is to estimate the probability of each of these three possible outturns.
Health and Human Service Professionals can work in a variety of work settings. They can work with children, adults, elderly, or work with people who have substance abuse issues. I recently discovered that Human services fall under two different careers. Human service professionals can focus on either career they prefer. Social Services is one; this career focuses on improving the quality of life for clients. This is a career that emphases on helping others. The second focus is a Mental Health Specialist focus. Mental Health Specialist work directly with people who are trying to change their behavior or achieve a better mental health outlook. Those who are interested in working as a mental health counselor must obtain
As we mentioned above, there are many things that we take into consideration as part of our personal identity. More often than not, we are exposed to stereotypes and stigma when it comes to mental health. We need someone to help change our current perspective to be more positive and willing to seek mental health help, so we can be mentally healthy and productive individuals of society. Also, we want someone who will understand us on different levels whether that’s cultural beliefs, gender identification, race, religion and other social
Psychiatry refers to a branch of medicine that deals with the study and treatment of illnesses related to mental, emotional disorders and the abnormal behaviors of individual in relation to relating with other people around them. On the other hand, a psychiatrist is a speciality who treats and diagnoses the mentally Disturbed people by giving them necessary treatment and prevention of the disorders. The psychiatrist is entitled in providing the right medication and identifying the signs and symptoms of the mental problems among the individuals and suggesting the right medication to be taken. As a field of medicine, the psychiatrist is required to study the materials required in order together the information required, the medication and how to handle the mentally challenged people b j o r k 12. They play an important role in ensuring that the mentally challenged people are accepted and treated as a part of the bigger Community despite the stigma and other rejection say face.
The NHS was founded on similar principles as Canada- universal, free to a point, equitable and paid by central funding (Grosios et al, 2010). Over the years, the NHS has seen numerous organizational and political changes, but still remains universal and offers care to people who need it and are not able to pay for it. The NHS is funded by national insurance contributions and taxes. The healthcare policy and healthcare delivery is a responsibility of the central government in England, whereas in Wales, Scotland and Northern Island it is the responsibility of the local governments. In the UK, the NHS is composed of two major sections- one which deals with policy, strategy and management and other section that deals with medical care; this department is further subdivided into community care, pharmacy, dentistry and general medical practice. In Britain there are many barriers in seeking specialty care; one has to see a general practitioner first, who is a gate keeper and decides on where and who gets specialty care. It can often take years to bypass this gatekeeper because there are very few specialists in the country. In the past two decades, there has been a major shift in funding moving away from central government to local counties. The UK healthcare center is facing cutbacks in funding and complaints of long waits to see surgeons and specialists is common.
My experience in mental health clinical was very different from any other clinical I had before. In a mental health clinical setting, I am not only treating client’s mental illnesses, I am also treating their medical problems such as COPD, diabetes, chronic renal failure, etc. Therefore, it is important to prepare for the unexpected events. In this mental health clinical, I learned that the importance of checking on my clients and making sure that they are doing fine by performing a quick head-to toes assessment at the beginning of my shift. I had also learned that client’s mental health illness had a huge impact on their current medical illness.
Psychiatric patient may be aped to have an “us vs them” perspective when it comes to clinicians; which contributes to noncompliant behaviors. Throughout history society has shunned them, therefore it is not odd to think a psych patient or even someone receiving counseling may be defensive and evasive. Also, mental illness is not a tangible disease with a physical manifestation, so people are often skeptical about treatment and the need for treatment.
Up until now, there is an apparent lack of funding on mental health institutions. There are shortage of nurses and psychiatrists in mental health facilities, preventing patients to get the right treatment. Second factor we must look at is our poor criminal justice system. According to Dr. Richard
Furthermore, She recognized that having a mental health illness can come with a stigma and discrimination which at times prevents these clients from securing and maintaining employment. When clients experience a mental illness episode or they come off their medication, they stop treatment or they have not been diagnosed yet, it can seriously interfere with their education or their job. When they are unable to finish school or keep their employment, they are unable to make money which results in