The Policies Used to Create Employment in Declining Areas in the United Kingdom
This question means to state the government law used to make
employment in areas in the UK that have no employment, reasons for
this is because that area was declining. When an area is deteriorating
or declining the people move out because there is no employment and
they want a good quality of life. The British government have tried to
encourage industries to locate to declining areas, Areas that have
high unemployment i.e. Scotland, Birmingham and Leeds. When an area is
declining the crime rates go up because of no employment. The
government does not want this therefore they have introduced several
government policies to try and prevent this from happening.
The first government policy introduced in 1947 was industrial
development certificates. This policy stated where a business should
locate. The advantage of this policy is that the business will earn a
good profit; also there are more opportunities for those that are
unemployed or those that were made redundant. Also businesses are
required to pay business rates which are then given to the council it
will mean more money for the council; with this money they could use
it effectively within their borough. The disadvantage is that they
don’t have a choice whether to locate or not and must comply with the
government. Another disadvantage is that the business would have to
move and could be far away from the marketing location; also the
transport expenditure to locate could cost a lot of money.
Another policy is the creation of new towns so that the government
could take work to the unemployed. The advantage of this is that the
unemployed could start afresh and begin a new life. But the
disadvantage of new towns being created sequentially to take work to
those unemployed is it would attract a specific type of the
population. This means that the population in the new town would not
consist of different types of people i.e. the young and the old. The
new towns would attract young people that can afford to locate there.
In conclusion, policy makers and practitioners often try to assist in the formation of new firms but do not always succeed. Many firms fail despite all the assistance however the important factor is that the government continues to promote their creation so that new jobs and industries can be created. (Storey 1994) Both policy makers and practitioners need to ensure a level playing field so that the economy can grow, develop and compete with other economies around the world.
Some of these disadvantages consists of the American economy being affected negatively. For instance, New Deal turned out be really expensive and almost double the American debt. In fact, the expenses were coming out of the rich class pockets and angered rich American family. Furthermore, Wagner Act in 1935 caused problems in the relationship between the factory owners and government because business was not prepared to face all the new restriction implied by the laws in this deal. It was argued that the “New Deal initiative to improve wage levels could not be successful if company unionism were permitted because an employee organization limited to a single employer deprived workers of critical information about national labor markets and business conditions and because employee representatives could never be wholly free to bargain with the employer who controlled their livelihood” (Cooper 861). On other side, it was also affecting the benefiters such as farmers whom disliked being controlled and were forced to dismissed their corps to avoid the over production. In fact, droughts caused more tension in the agriculture sector due to the high regularities practices. The New Deal affected Black American ethnicity because they were still being persecuted and American society was still looking down at this ethnic group because skin color was key factor during that time period compared to the capability. People further argued that the “New Deal” wasn’t a success because it did not end the depression fully. However, the laws that Roosevelt created and passed were sure enough to bring back humanity in the
Now, a normal sized town contains fast-food joints, supermarkets, malls, and superstores, but a small town lacks that appeal. The small-town could be the most beautiful landscape known to man, but lack the necessary luxuries in life that a typical American would benefit from. Carr and Kefalas make this statement that emphasizes the town’s lack of appeal, “Indeed the most conspicuous aspects of the towns landscape may be the very things that are missing; malls, subdivisions, traffic and young people” (26). The authors clearly state that they realize that towns, such as the Heartland, are hurting because of the towns’ lack of modernization. For all intents and purposes, the town’s lack of being visually pleasing is driving away probable citizens, not only the native youth, and possible future employee’s away from a possible internship with the town. The citizens with a practice or business hurt from the towns inability to grow up and change along with the rest of the world, yet the town doesn’t realize what bringing in other businesses could potentially do for their small town. Creating more businesses such as malls, superstores and supermarkets would not only drive business up the roof, but it’ll also bring in revenue and draw the
In England poor laws were first passed in 1598 and continued in amended forms until the National Health Service (NHS) came into formal existence on the ‘Appointed day’ which was fifth of July 1948. The poor laws were introduced to deal with poverty at a local level. At this time the disadvantaged, sick and elderly were assisted by the church, charities, philanthropists and work houses. During the industrialisation revolution Britain saw immense technological advancements in manufacturing and machinery. There was the rapid creation of towns, people migrated into the cities in search of employment, cities became over-crowded worsening squalor and as a consequence the spreading of infectious diseases became rife. In the latter half of the 1800s political changes meant that governments needed to appeal to voters in order to remain in office. For example, The Representation of the People Act 1867 (Reform Act, 1867) which gave the vote to the working classes meaning that parliamentary seats would no longer be guaranteed by money and social status (Parry, 1996). In order to appeal to voters government would have to address social issues and the failing Poor Law. Reports by philanthropists Charles Booth and Seebohm Rowntree were of great influence to Liberal Government. Booth surveyed London’s population and documented the social deprivation and poor health of its inhabitants (Booth, 1902-1903). Whilst Rowntree studied poverty in York finding that twenty-eight per cent of c.46,000 people surveyed were found to be in severe poverty and fifty per cent of these people were in paid employment but their wages were not sufficient to afford to meet many of their basic needs (Rowntree, 1901). Prior to the National Health Service medical care ...
When we look at unemployment in the UK we can see that it is around
The era of post-industrialism refers to a period of change where a society advances from a manufacturing base, to a society reliant on knowledge, services, and research. What emerges from the remains of the industrial society is a society based around services, contracts, precariousness, segmentation, and insecurity, etc. Divided are the prospects for this globalized, post-industrial society. People question who will benefit from this new era of globalization. Some view the post-industrial era as one that offers opportunities for the well-educated, creative, and young professional while others view it as an era involving less security, job deskilling and high levels of inequality (Krahn, Lowe, Hughes, 2008). If one of the main consequences of post-industrialism is a widening gap between the “haves” and the “have not’s” then who are those who make up these two distinct groups?
The current economic recession has touched the entire world and the United Kingdom is no exception. The rise in unemployment, the collapse of business, all give a very gloomy view of the economy as a whole. Governments struggle to find ways to pull their country’s economies out of the nosedive caused by the recession and kick start their economies into growth once again. In Scotland for instance, the government have intervened rather extremely with their use of “Scottish Enterprise”, a government institution which stimulates the economy by persuading foreign companies and multinational to set up new sites in Scotland and encourag...
Wild, M. T. and Jones, P. N. 1991. De-industrialisation and new industrialisation in Britain and Germany. London: Anglo-German Foundation for the Study of Industrial Society.
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