Chapter 3
Basic Signature verification
31. Signature Analysis
Handwritten signatures happens in different patterns and there is a great deal of dissimilarity signatures of people even of the same area with same language. Some used to just write their name while others follow certain pattern to represent their signature. Signatures done with complexity are however less vulnerable to forgery effects [7]. Also, the signatures are very much influenced by the thinking panorama of a person. There is a particular process on how a signature s generated. Signature has three attributes at minimum . They are pattern form, movement and variation, and since the signatures are produced by moving a pen on a paper, movement of pattern is the most important
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Once a person is used to signing his or her signature, these nerve impulses are controlled by the brain without any particular attention to detail. It is evident that no two signatures of a person are precisely the same and some signature experts concludes that if two signatures of the same person written on paper were identical they could be considered forgery by tracing. According to [86] handwriting shows great variation in speed and muscular dexterity. Forgeries vary in perfection all the way from the clumsy effort which anyone can see is spurious, up to the finished work of the adept which no one can detect. Experience shows that the work of the forger is not usually well done and in many cases is very clumsy indeed. The process of forging a signature or simulating another person’s writing, if it is to be successful, involves a double process requiring the forger to not only copy the features of the writing imitated but …show more content…
As one of the feature of biometric, signature verification is used to find the authenticity of a person to give the access the most valued and important documents and shelf. Firstly the signature of a person are taken as a reference in database. To generate the database, number of attempts from the same person has been taken, as it would permit minute deviations in signatures that generates due to environmental conditions. Once it is done, then the signatures at other times are every time then verified with the existing database. Because of confidentially of the file/document/transaction giving access is the crucial process that should be monitored with perfection. The same happens with offline signature verification. Computerized process and verification algorithm (thus software) takes fully care of signature under test, generate results that are 100% authentic, and advocates credibility of the concerned person .However, there might raise issue of authenticity even if the same person performs the signature. Or, at times a forge person may duplicate the exact signature. Many research have been done to find the accuracy of result so as to prevent from forgery. Forgery is also divided into different categories depending upon their severity as
Kutcher claims, “We haven’t lost romance in the digital age, but we may be neglecting it, in doing so, acquainted art forms are taking on new importance. The power of a handwritten letter is greater than ever. It’s personal and deliberate and means more than e-mail or text ever will. ’’(96)Handwriting is different and unique for each individual. You can look at the letter and judge how much effort a person put into writing it.
From the early days, with little literary reference material, to the current day, with substantially more, but still insufficient formation, the science of fingerprint identification has managed to maintain its credibility and usefulness. Although, academic institutions have yet to recognize the field as an applied science and include it in the curricula, which would provide directed research and literary reference, in libraries. Without this academic recognition, progress in the field of fingerprint is destined to be sluggish. Description of fingerprint identification as a forensic science’ or an ~app1ied science’ in no way implies that is not a reliable science. Fingerprint identification, correctly understood and applied, is just as scientifically valid and reliable as any other science and, indeed, more accurate than many. The fingerprint expert applies knowledge gained through training and experience to reach a conclusion. The many uses of fingerprint identification range from criminal investigation to non-criminal matters such as deceased, missing persons and disaster victim identification. Fingerprint identification has been used in the court systems for many years. Yet there are those who that still try to challenge fingerprint science and the experts in the court of law by a Daubert Hearing. In this paper, Daubert Hearing is define and detail outing background of the cases, the Government preparation, the Testimony from both sides, the judge’s verdict and finally, Mitchell’s second trial on this case.
The way to understand this feature is to embed a level of the authentication signature into the digital image using a digital watermark. In the case of the image being tampered, it can easily be detected as the pixel values of the embedded data would change and do not match with the original pixel values. There are many spatial and frequency domain techniques are available for authentication of watermarking. Watermarking techniques are judged on the basis of their performance on...
"What is Wrong with a Forgery?" writ. Alfred Lessing. The Forger's Art. gen. ed. Denis Dutton. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983.
PKC is the enabling technology for all Internet security and the increasing use of digital signatures, which are replacing traditional signatures in many contexts. However, RSA is better than PKC because RSA doesn’t need digital signature. As a result, the RSA algorithm turned out to be a perfect fit for the implementation of a practical public security system. In 1977, Martin Gardner first introduced the RSA system. After 5 years, company RSA used secure electronic security products. Nowadays many credit companies of all over the world use the RSA system or a similar system based on the RSA system.
“He ran a day and night line, copying by sun-light and by candle-light. I should have been quite delighted with his application, had he been cheerfully industrious. But he wrote on silently, palely, mechanically” (Melville, 126). Given the repetition of the task that is to be completed per the Lawyers request, hand-written copying of original documents, and th...
PhD, C. P. (n.d.). What are normal hemoglobin values? - Hemoglobin: Learn About Normal, High, and Low Levels. Retrieved January 03, 2017, from http://www.medicinenet.com/hemoglobin/page3.htm
...nation without an idea way, it will lead the key to be the leader of the whole certification process, then the security system will be based on the key. Once the key is missing, the system will be collapsed. Based on the above analysis, while biometrics characteristics as an approximate random signal, people can consider to extract one key directly from such signals, instead of using the external inputs. In this way, we call it a key generation mechanism (key generation scheme).
Smith, Lentz, and Ken Mikos. 2008. Signing Naturally Student Workbook, Units 1-6, viii. San Diego: Dawn Sign Press.
You need to sign for a house, car, and checks. If you don't sign in cursive it is very easy to copy your signature. Cursive is used for writing letter and signing for houses, checks, and cars. Cursive takes to long to learning everything about it and you only need house it to sign for check's cars, and a
Biometrics is described as the use of human physical features to verify identity and has been in use since the beginning of recorded history. Only recently, biometrics has been used in today’s high-tech society for the prevention of identity theft. In this paper, we will be understanding biometrics, exploring the history of biometrics, examples of today’s current technology and where biometrics are expected to go in the future.
With the swarm of technology, handwriting, a vital skill, may be on the brink of extinction, despite that it is able to create a “model citizen, assimilate immigrants, and even reform juvenile delinquents” (Korper). Believe it or not: handwriting is important. However, the debate about handwriting is still questionable. Handwriting allows for effective memory retention and is an significant and unique action to develop certain regions of your brain (Grossberg). However, handwriting is also outdated and lacks the agility of the keyboard (Korper). Nonetheless, some of these positive aspects of handwriting are largely due to the ‘drill’ factor emphasized in the Palmer Method of handwriting used present day (Korper).
Cursive skills are vital when signing one’s name and reading historical documents in their native form. In addition, cursive is faster than writing shorthand, which is helpful when taking notes in class. As Anthony McGrann, a second grade teacher, is quoted, "For struggling writers, cursive allows them to be more fluent and thus lets their ideas flow on the page more readily... some students have more ideas in their heads than they can (print) on paper… If you integrate penmanship with other literacy activities, the formation of letters really does make a difference in the way kids retain
During the 19th century the study of fingerprints had emerged. The past few centuries we have had numerous developments in fingerprinting. A lot of people give this credit to Francis Galton, who conducted the first study of fingerprint patterns. Galton’s research showed that no two fingerprints are identical; his theory on fingerprints changed the world and the criminal justice system as a whole. Galton studied numerous fingerprints and came to the conclusion that not even identical twins will have the same fingerprints. This finding helped build the justice system and forensic science as we all once knew it. According to Galton fingerprint impressions fall into three different categories, they are loop, arch, and whorl. Another fingerprint known as latent print is a fingerprint that is formed by sweat. This type of fingerprint is not visible to the naked eye; usually a gray or black powder is used to pick up latent prints. Now that we know the three basic categories of fingerprinting, we must take a better look at how fingerprints are identified. Once we understand how they’re identified to others, we will look at some of the landmark cases that helped DNA become what it is today.
“The term -information security- means protecting information and information systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction” (United States Code, 2008). In order to ensure the identity of who is trying to access the information, the concept of “Biometric Technology” has been developed in the last years. This essay will start explaining this concept and the characteristics of its development through the time. Then, the essay will offer a brief explanation of biometric systems operation and a description of different biometric systems developed until now. Finally, this research analyzes the current and future applications and the issues that surround it.