What will be the goals of counseling and what intervention strategies are used to accomplish those goals? From a psychoanalytic perspective, the goal of counseling is to bring unconscious information to the conscious and strengthen the ego by bringing forth the clients energy to conscious processes (Murdock, 2013). Rasmussen & Salhani (2010) states the following regarding the goal of psychoanalytic theory which further supports Murdock’s statement, “we turn to psychoanalytic theory to understand not only the individual’s conscious, rational thinking, but also the unconscious dynamics and motivation” (Rasmussen & Salhani, 2010). The specific treatment goals for Ana is to uncover inner problems, promote client integration, uncover sources of …show more content…
Murdock (2013) identifies “free association” as being the best option for a successful therapeutic relationship (Murdock, 2013). Through the use of free association, the therapist encourages Ana to say what comes to mind regardless of the positive or negative emotions as means to open the mind to the unconscious. Strean (1944) identifies that all patients “respond to interventions in terms of transference” (Strean, 1944). With the key role transference plays in the therapeutic process it is important that Ana openly communicates and express her feelings. In doing so, it allows the therapist to interpret similar feeling and root causes. In psychoanalytic theory application, insight provides a look into the emotional and logical thought process (Strean, 1944). The goal through insight is to uncover how Ana’s depression and worries were formed, how they affect her and provide her with the opportunity to deal with these …show more content…
The therapist would then interpret this information, which consists of teaching, pointing out and explaining what the therapist is noticing through this free association (Corey, 2013). One of the key factors in a therapeutic process is the client-therapist relationship. Without this relationship, transference cannot be assessed. Is your theory designed for short- or long-term counseling? Murdock (2013) identifies that psychoanalytic therapy is designed for long-term counseling. Freud often recommended a two-week trial period to ensure that a client is suitable for analysis (Murdock, 2013). Ana’s insurance has approved 8 sessions, which does not allow this theory to fully be supported. What will be the counselor’s role with this client? In psychoanalysis the therapist takes on the role of the expert, listening and interpreting Ana’s free associations from her unconscious process. The therapist role is to discover what is real and what is not real. The therapist is not to have an agenda and to remain passive and only engage when interpreting something Ana has stated (Murdock,
The aim of the psychoanalytic therapy is to resolve interpersonal conflicts, toward the end of reconstructing one’s basic personality. (Corey 2013). Gathering life-history data, dream analysis, free association, interpretation and analysis of resistance and transference. Such procedures are aimed at increasing awareness, gaining intellectual and emotional insight. This begins a working-through process that leads to the reorganization of the client personality. According to Freud, out most intense experience of anxiety occurs at birth, when we are speratated from our mothers. Using this model will allow to examine the aniety as the basis of all the clients feelings of anxiety. Seperation from his mother at the age of 6 may have had an impact. Finally, this model tend that if noramal, rational approaches of the ego to reduce anxiety are not effective, the ego revert to ego-defense mechanisms. Jackson’s was defensive when discussion of possible sexual abuse was introduced in the sessions. This was pointed out as the Defense Mechansims, Repression. Therapist find this useful to bring the past experiences to the present, so that the client can begin to be aware.
Psychoanalysis is a unique form of psychological treatment founded by Sigmund Freud and later modified by his followers including Alfred Adler, Carl Jung, and Harry Stack-Sullivan (Wedding & Corsini, 2013). Although there is no one psychoanalytic theory Wedding and Corsini (2013) tell us that there are basic principles that tend to be found throughout different psychoanalytic perspectives. They note that psychodynamic perspectives emphasize ideas of the unconscious and the ability to increase choice by facilitating an awareness of unconscious motivations. Psychodynamic perspectives tend to focus on the client’s use of defense mechanisms like projection, reaction formation, splitting, intellectualization, repression, transference, and resistance as a way of avoiding painful fantasies, feelings, and thoughts (Wedding & Corsini, 2013). Such perspectives embrace the assumption that people are ambivalent about change and emphasize the importance of exploring that ambivalence (Wedding & Corsini, 2013). In addition, the therapeutic relationship is viewed as a vehicle of change; one that can be used for exploring both unconscious (primary) and conscious (secondary) self-defeating processes and actions (Wedding & Corsini, 2013). Transference and countertransference are viewed as essential therapeutic tools (Wedding & Corsini, 2013). Psyc...
Freudian psychoanalysis distinguished three types of anxiety, - objective anxiety, neurotic anxiety, and moral anxiety. It is the ego's job to deal with anxiety (Hergenhahn, 2009). Freud's theories emphasize on sex as the main motive for human behavior, therefore a Freudian psychoanalysis therapist may attribute origin of the person’s anxiety to sex oriented issues such as sexual relationship, conflicts, and abuse, etc. The role of Freudian psychoanalysis therapist is to encourage patients to focus on affect and the expression of emotion and to explore their attempts to avoid distressing thoughts and feelings. One technique of Freudian psychotherapy is free association which means that patients are encouraged to recall and talk about their
The theory of psychoanalysis, founded by Freud, asserted that people could be cured by “…making conscious their unconscious thoughts and motivations…”, therefore gaining insight into their behavior and state of being (CITE). The aim of psychoanalytic therapy is to release repressed emotions and experiences, because Freud believed that psychological problems are rooted in the unconscious mind. In certain cases, individuals would have manifested symptoms caused by “…latent…”, or hidden disturbances (CITE). Typical causes could include unresolved issues during development or as a result of repressed trauma. Those who practice psychoanalysis believe that only with a cathartic experience can be the person be helped and therefore cured. In other words, , Freud’s treatment focused on bringing the repressed conflict to consciousness, where the patent then could wo...
The psychodynamics theory which was introduced by Freud to understand the human mind and psyche, reached a new level in the continuous analysis from therapists. Psychodynamics originally has been explained as a study of various psychological forces that affect human behavior which is related to early experiences. It specifically discusses the connection between the conscious and subconscious motivations. The theory was further analyzed and developed by Melanie Klein, Carl Jung and Alfred Adler. Based on the theory, the psychodynamic therapy evolved to help patients through psychoanalysis. With time other therapies like individual, group and family therapy evolved to offer treatment by understanding the present day complexities in more detail. The main aim of the therapy is self –awareness through identifying the various influences of many past events in life. The therapies are continuously evolving since it was introduced by Freud to help in solving a variety of psychological disorders within people.
The counselor accomplishes the above by expressing empathy, developing discrepancies, going along with resistance and supporting self-efficacy. Moreover, the counselor guides the client toward a solution that will lead to permanent posi...
Methods of hypnosis were originally used by Freud to find the cause for anxiety, but he dismissed them as being too inaccurate. He started to use methods of free association to delve into the patient's sub-conscious. By assessing the patient's reactions to the analyst's suggestions, Freud saw that the analyst could help the patient become consciously aware of his repressed childhood conflicts and impulses. By interpreting the patient's dreams, the analyst can provide an insight into the patient's conflicts as well. The therapist's interpretations of the patient's free associations and dreams are known as psychoanalysis.
The counseling approach I most identify with is Cognitive Therapy (CT) by Aaron Beck. It concentrates on the part a person’s thought process has in dysfunction and intervention. I agree with Albert Ellis 's Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) and some aspects of the existential approach to counseling, but CT is my choice therapy. One of the primary beliefs in cognitive therapy is that a person 's perspective can influence emotional and behavioral reactions. I believe that if a person is able to reevaluate attitude and beliefs about a situation, the person can improve wellbeing. The person 's wellbeing can improve by altering the reactions he or she has to the situation and learning more
Corey, G. (2011). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy. (ninth ed., pp. 291-301). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole.
4. The Psychoanalytic goal is to bring more of the unconscious to the conscious. The belief is that in making the unconscious more conscious, people will (1) experience the decreased effect that hidden disturbances have (2) experience freedom from gaining an understanding of self, behavior 's and feelings and (3) formulate more self-control over our urges, impulses, and drives. One goal, in particular, striving to reconstruct an individual 's personality, Psychoanalysis call deterministic because of its ambitious attempt and the immense amount of commitment, time and energy it
Counseling Theories August 3, 1995 Running head: Coun. v. Psychotherapy Counseling v. psychotherapy is there a difference between the two? This paper will attempt to prove that there are several differences between counseling and psychotherapy. While counseling and psychotherapy have several different elements in each, the following information will also attempt to show the reader that there are some areas where the two overlap. At times this was a confusing topic to research. A fine line distinguishes the two topics and one must look hard to see this line. Definition of Counseling One survey taken by Gustad suggests a definition of counseling where he included three key elements. Counseling is a learning-oriented process, carried on in a simple, one to one social environment, in which a counselor, professionally competent in relevant psychological skills and knowledge, seeks to assist the client by methods appropriate to the latter's needs and within the context of the total personnel program, to learn more about himself, to learn how to put such understanding into effect in relation to more clearly perceived, realistically defined goals to the ` end that the client may become a happier and more productive member of his society (1957, p. 36). In lay terms counseling can be described as a face to face relationship, having goals to help a client to learn or acquire new skills which will enable them to cope and adjust to life situations. The focus is to help a person reach maximum fulfillment or potential, and to become fully functioning as a person. Definition of Psychotherapy Psychotherapy is the process inwhich a therapists assists the client in re-organizing his or her personality. The therapist also helps the client integrate insights into everyday behavior. Psychotherapy can be defined as "more inclusive re-education of the individual" (Brammer& Shostrom,1977). Objectives of counseling The objectives of counseling according to the Committee on Definition, Division of Counseling Psychology, American Psychological Association are to "help individuals toward overcoming obstacles to their personal growth, wherever these may be encountered, and toward achieving optimum development of their personal resources" (Arbuckle, 1967). In a paper written by Dr. T. Millard, it is stated that "Counseling provides clarity and a positive and constructive venue for the individual to sensibly examine the instinctive-emotional and rational (or irrational) motives which determine the drive, content, and even the form of human conduct." This shows the part which counseling plays in a clients treatment.
The Therapeutic Relationship: A therapeutic relationship between a counselor and client is a professional relationship in which the counselor helps the client to make positive changes in his or her life. Research consistently shows that it is the quality of the therapeutic relationship that best predicts a client’s ability to use therapy to help themselves make positive life changes. It is a unique relationship in that while the client typically shares very personal information with the counselor, in an atmosphere of warmth and trust, the relationship takes place within the fifty-minute therapy appointments and within the boundaries of the therapeutic contract. It is the adherence of these boundaries which make therapy possible
As noted in the text Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy (Corey, 2017), the therapeutic goal of psychoanalytic therapy is to understand unconscious motives. During treatment, an individual will explore repressed experiences in childhood that may cause restrictions in their current life. In treatment, the therapist or ‘analyst’ works with the client in a ‘blank-screen’ approach. This approach presents the analyst with neutrality as they do not participate in self-disclosure. Having a ‘blank-screen’ experience allows the client to explore their unconscious without hesitation or restriction.
Another simple yet effective technique in psychoanalytic therapy is Free Association in which a client talks about whatever comes to mind. This involves a therapy provider reading a list of words and the client immediately responds with the first word that comes to mind. It is said that fragments of repressed memories will emerge in the process of free association. Freud reported that his free associating patients experienced such an emotionally intense and vivid memory that they would almost relive the experience. Often, these intense emotional experiences gave Freud crucial insight into the patient’s
Also, psychoanalytic therapy is made to help the patient uncover unconscious conflicts, so that the patient can get insight to the real source of their problems. This therapy usually took between 7-10 years to fully get and develop an understanding of communication between the patient and the therapist, so that the patient is able to completely open up to the therapist and be able to uncover their sources of problem, together with the therapist. Basically, in this therapy a lot of the motivations for behavior are the unconscious parts of our mind doing it. First, the unconscious issues that are affecting the behavior have to be uncovered and the way they are uncovered is by dream interpretation, Freud believed dreams were the road to the unconscious. These dreams are made up of two parts the manifest content or the actual plot of the dream, and the latent content, which are the unconscious issues that show up in a symbolic form in these dreams. Also free association plays a key part in this first step, when the therapist allows the patient to talk about whatever they are thinking about at that moment or whatever they feel like talking about, this helps to reduce inhibition and can basically help the therapist to get an idea any themes that the patient may be speaking of. Although, sometimes resistance can occur with the patient when therapists ask them about certain topics in their lives, they will show an unwillingness to talk about the topic that’s mentioned, which they do not like. The next step is to bring those issues that are now in the unconscious level to the conscious level. For this to happen transference has to occur, which is the emotions which are surrounding the unconscious issues surfacing up into the therapy sessions. The last and final step in