Kirk Deitschman
Hist
Professor Bindi
26 April 2016
History of the Thermometer
Temperature is the numerical representation of hot and cold usually measured by a thermometer. Temperature is also the measurement of how fast molecules and atoms of substances are moving. Temperature is measured in degrees on three different scales, Fahrenheit, Celsius or Kelvin. The thermometers we know today was not developed or invented by one specific person but was a collaborative effort from numerous different devices produced from scientists, astronomers, physiologist, doctors and even a grand Duke of Tuscany. The different trials and efforts from previous devices allowed the thermometer to be perfected and can now be used to read the temperature of the
…show more content…
Based on the concept that air expands or contracts with changes in densities it was more of a balancing scale and was very inaccurate in precise temperature readings. His device identified change the common feeling of temperature of the air. The Galileo thermometer consisted of a of sealed glass tube filled with water and floating bulbs of various densities. As temperature rises the different bulbs rise depending on the density of the bulb. This device had many flaws, one being that the temperature reading was not on any scale so no exact temperatures were able to be retrieved and no numerical readings, it could only display the changes in in temperature on a broad scale. Another flaw of Galileo’s thermometer was that it was affected by atmospheric pressure. With this device not following any scale to measure results classifies the Galileo thermometer as a …show more content…
Sagredo also used the device to prove that lakes of different sizes cooled at different rates, with the smaller ones cooling faster than larger ones. The next advancement of the thermometer after Galileo was by Santorio Santorio during 1612-1624. Santorio also created another precursor to the thermometer, his thermoscope was the first to have included a numerical scale to measure this later helped involve thermoscopes to the thermometer. Like Galileo’s instrument his was also used to measure the temperature of air. The accuracy of this device was very poor and the effects of air pressure cause various results. Santorio created many different instruments trying to mprove on the previous one but all took a long time to measure temperature and the scale used was completely
Dava Sobel’s novel, Longitude: The True Story Of A Lone Genius Who Solved The Greatest Scientific Problem Of His Time is a history of the scientific battle to obtain a method of finding the exact longitude of a specific location. Knowing the longitude of a location may seem unimportant, but in fact it is vital. To fully understand the work that went into this effort, first, one must understand the basic principles for determining location on Earth.
On the lid of the calorimeter, there were two holes and one was being used for the thermometer, and the second one was left open. This hole could have let heat to escape as the reaction was taking place which would have lowered the final temperature value. These conditions would have led to a lower final temperature value. To prevent even the slightest anomalies in the future, any holes on the calorimeter can be covered by tape or another item that could block the passage. The top of the calorimeter could also be covered with aluminum and this would not only cover the holes but would secure the space under the lid so any heat that may escape would stay within the area due to the aluminum. Aluminum could also be tucked in the space between the lid and the calorimeter to once again lock the heat in. This way, the calorimeter will be more effective and maintain all the heat of the reaction resulting in values that are completely accurate and decreasing even the slightest
The purpose of the lab is to understand how to calculate the calorimeter constant by using a calorimeter. This allows us to analyze the heat reaction of different substances. Calorimetry is a word that comes from both Latin and Greek. The prefix “Calor” in Latin signifies heat and the suffix “metry” in Greek means measuring. Therefore the word itself translates to measuring heat. Joseph Black, was the first scientist to recognize the difference between heat and temperature. Energy is always present in chemical and physical changes. The change of energy that occurs when there is a chemical change at constant pressure is called enthalpy. Enthalpy changes , as well as physical and chemical changes, can be measured by a calorimeter. The energy that is released or absorbed by the reaction can be either absorbed or released by the insulating walls of the instrument.
In papal Rome in the early 16th century the “Good Book” was the reference book for all scientists. If a theory was supported in its holy pages, or at the very least not contradicted, then the idea had a chance of find acceptance outside the laboratory. Likewise, no theory no matter how well documented could be viewed with anything but disdain if it contradicted with the written word of, or the Church’s official interpretation of scripture. For these reasons the Church suppressed helio-centric thinking to the point of making it a hiss and a byword. However, this did not keep brave men from exploring scientific reason outside the canonical doctrine of the papal throne, sometimes at the risk of losing their own lives. While the Vatican was able to control the universities and even most of the professors, it could not control the mind of one man known to the modern world as Galileo Galilei. Despite a wide array of enemies, Galileo embarked on a quest, it seems almost from the beginning of his academic career, to defend the Copernican idea of a helio-centric universe by challenging the authority of the church in matters of science. Galileo‘s willingness to stand up for what he held to be right in the face of opposition from Bible-driven science advocates set him apart as one of the key players in the movement to separate Church authority from scientific discovery, and consequently paved the way for future scientific achievement.
We must first begin the today’s lab by connecting the thermometer that digitally detects surrounding temperature to the Lab Pro Interface located on the computer via...
After reading this letter I feel that Galileo had a very opinionated outlook on life and was heavily involved in a struggle for freedom of inquiry. Galileo was a person who had many strong beliefs and would not let people or a document have a say in what he believes.
It is through science and its use that Galileo claimed one could better find and understand the truths of the Scriptures. If science is used correctly, as a tool to support claims, rather than blindly accepting the claims made by authoritative figures, Galileo claimed one would be able to fulfill the truths mentioned in the bible; to use one’s sense of reason. Religious people can find their solace through science, and scientist can find reason for their science through religion. This is evident in the fact that Galileo was a scientist but also had strongly rooted scriptural beliefs. Through a sense of balance he was able to use his religion to advance his scientific findings, and his science to justify his religion. With the right balance between the two one will be able to live an enlightened and enriched life.
The first argument Galileo made was that while the Bible could never be wrong, the implications of its words could be misunderstood. He maintained that the Holy Scriptures are “often very abstruse” and that interpreting them verbatim could cause one to “fall into error”. Galileo supported this claim by stating that all theologians seemed to agree with this notion. Moreover, he argued that if his belief were not true, then the interpreters of the Bible should have never disagree...
university milieu, and in fact his theories were not published until the time of his death.
In 1610 he was one of the first people to use the telescope to observe
Galileo used this great invention to report astronomical facts such as the moon is cover with craters instead of being smooth, the Milky Way is composed of millions of stars, and Jupiter have four moons. Perhaps the most famous discovery is the Earth revolves around the Sun and the Earth is not the center of the universe (even though he was discredited at the time).
material things have "this or that shape" and are small or large in relation to
The last part of experiment 5, was learning about specific gravity and temperature. Specific gravity does not have any units, it is unitless. When measuring for the temperature, we used a thermometer to calculate the Celsius of the water, 10% sodium chloride, and isopropyl alcohol. The specific gravity uses a hydrometer to measure the gravity of the liquids. Using the hydrometer, to figure out the measurements we have to look at it from top to bottom. The water for specific gravity was .998 while the temperature of it was 24
Quantitative measurements on gases were first made in a rational manner by the English chemist Robert Boyle (1627 - 1691). The instruments used by Boyle to measure pressure were two: the manometer, which measures differences in pressure, and the barometer, which measures the total pressure of the atmosphere.