The effects of ammonium nitrate on c-fern spore germination
Introduction:
Organisms need their own set of nutrients. These nutrients are what help the cell survive so that the whole organism could survive. Organisms have their own set of nutrients. On earth there are three domains of life. These domains are the bacteria, Archaea, and eukarya (Brooker et al. 2013) most of the cells that are being researched and examined are cells in the domain Eukarya because cells in this domain usually exists in a multicellular complex. In the domain eukarya, the genus that was examined in this lab was Ceratopteris, which is also called c-fern; this plant is used in research to see how plant growth is affected by various changes that affect plant growth. (Lloyd, 1973) The reason that c-fern is used to do research is because of it’s developmental process. The reason why their life cycle is so unique is because it has a biphasic life cycle that has two independent diploid and haploid generations. (Hickok et al., 1995) This is useful because the haploid and the diploid can be isolated which will provide information on how each variable effect each different stage during each life cycle. (Hickok et al., 1995) another advantage of why c-ferns are used in research is because of their short life cycle. After inoculation, germination occurs in the following 3-4 days and full sexual maturity occurs between 6-8 days after germination. After one to two weeks, roots and leaves start to appear on the diploid sporophyte. (Hickok et al., 1995) these are the main reasons why c-ferns were chosen to see the effects of nitrogen on.
All plants including c-ferns need nitrogen in order to function properly. These plants need nitrogen because it is a main com...
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...atistical analysis was used to understand the data that was collected. The f-test was the first statistical analysis that was used in order to know if the next step would use the t-test or Welch’s approximate t-test.
Work cited:
Brooker R, Widmaier EP, Grahm LE, Stiling PD. 2013. Biology. 3rd edition.
Hickok LG, Warne TR, Fribourg RS. 1995. International Journal of Plant Sciences. Vol
156: 332-345
Lloyd RM. 1974. Systematics of the genus Ceratopteris Brongn. (Parkerianceae) II.
Taxonomy. Brittonia 26: 139-160
Melan MA, Whittier DP. 1990. Effects of inorganic nitrogen sources on spore
germination and gametophyte growth in Botrychium dissectum. Plant, Cell & Environment 13: 477-482.
Nachurs. (n.d.). Nitrogen: An essential element in crop production. Retrieved from
http://www.nachurs.com/nitrogen.html
This is especially useful to find out exactly which of the month group is significantly different from each other. Data which are not significantly different from each other are written in the same column, while different column means that they have a difference. Thus it is obtained that 2-months and 4-months group are not significantly different from each other. The same is true for 4-months and 6-months group. The significant difference is between 2-months and 6-months group. However, even if the groups are listed in the same column, there are still differences in the of hyperplasia in each group. The post hoc method also analyzes the value of in each group. From the analysis, there is an increase of hyerplasia foci from 2-months until 6-months
In wild type culture of C-ferns, it is expected that there will be a high concentration of antheridiogen since the hermaphrodites are producing antheridiogen. The greater the population density of C-ferns, the higher the concentration of antheridiogen; hence a high percentage of male gametophytes in the wild type cultures.
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In the book, Where the Red Fern Grows, by Wilson Rawls, depicts an inspiring, young boy named Billy, who struggled with life’s complication. Billy was an ordinary boy who lived in the country. Although his family was not wealthy, he lived a content life. He grew up in the mountains of Ozarks in Oklahoma. The whole story took place years ago, perhaps in the mid 1900s. It was evident that Billy’s appreciation of the scenery of the environment around him proved that he loved the woods. As he grew up, he began to learn the complexity of life. Billy matures as he learns to accept suffering and to make sacrifices.
My group, fertilizer group 3, is testing the variables of plant color and number of leaves. Fertilizer can affect that drastically! Those two variables are basically what determine a healthy plant. Fertilizer can help to boost the minerals in the soil and give the plant what it needs to survive and be healthy.
Auxin is one of the phytohormones. Auxin is basically represented as indol-3-acetic acid (IAA) in plants. It is important in regulating various growths and formation processes (Kefeli & Kalevitch, 2003). Auxin is essential in many vital tasks in plants. Therefore, plants which are unable to produce IAA do not exist. The role of auxin is described by “short distance activity” as a morphogen (Friml, 2003). The term morphogen was probably first being used by the British mathematician Alan Mathison Turing (1912-1954) to understand about the differentiation of Hydra. By dictionary definition, morphogens are chemicals which regulate morphogenesis. However from the perspective of biologists, morphogens are substances which form a concentration gradient, and can actually be viewed as flowing substances. The analyses of IAA levels are too low to provide information on IAA level in individual cells with the current sensitivities of the available methods (Galun, 2010). In adult plants, the source of auxin presumed in the tips of the shoots and in young leaves. Auxin causes apical dominance and ...
The primary nutrients that plants require are carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen from air and water. Sugar has a different effect on animals, humans, and plants. In this experiment, we are testing the effects of sugar on the growth of wheatgrass. For this experiment, we used regular sugar that we put in our food and drinks. To test our hypothesis we are using two groups control and experiment group. The control plant received only water but the experimental plant received sugar but, both plants were placed in the same temperature and same amount of water. Our hypothesis was correct, experiment plant “sugar water” yield more plant growth than control plant “water”. This experiment shows the sugar water plant grow faster than water because of the average of both plants. The sugar water experiment plant had longer in length compared to water control plant.
All green plants need to be able to make their own food.They do this by a
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The text by Smith S.E & Read D.J recorded that in 1885 Frank A.B invented the word ‘Mycorrhizae’ which is a literal synonym of fungus-root. Many people tend to think of mushrooms and toadstools when it comes to the word fungus but it can also be found in decaying material and plant tissue within the soil where the fungus’s biomass is made up of a large scale of hyphae filaments. This is the main mode of vegetation growth. This system is known as Frank A.B invention ‘mycorrhizae’ and is a vital role in the functioning of the earth's ecosystem. Mycorrhizae is a fungus that grows inside or attached to the surface with the roots of a plant. By the action of the fungus and roots of a plant connecting, LaFantasie J. describes on her lesson that by
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In order to obtain an A in this examination, students will demonstrate an in-depth understanding of each of the analyses. These analyses will typically include at least one of the more complex analyses (e.g., M...
Plants need carbon dioxide to continue their life cycles. They turn your breath into more oxygen for you to breathe. But let's give another example. I write an English essay like this one right now. Someone