The Effect of pH on the Activity of the Enzyme Amylase
Aim :-
To find the effect of pH on the activity of the enzyme amylase.
An enzyme is a type of protein found in all living cells. Enzymes act
as biological catalysts, breaking down substrates without needing a
high temperature, allowing all the chemical reactions of metabolism to
take place, regulating the speed at which they progress, lowering the
activation energy and providing a means of controlling individual
biochemical pathways.
Enzymes owe their activity to the precise three-dimensional shape of
their molecules. According to the 'lock-and-key' hypothesis, the
substrates upon which an enzyme fit into a special slot in the enzyme
molecule: the active site. A chemical reaction takes place at this
site (hydrolysis - the addition of water in order to break a peptide
bond between two amino acids) and the products are released, leaving
the enzyme unchanged and ready for re-use. Enzymes are very specific
in relation to the substrates with which they work, and are normally
only effective for one reaction or a group of closely related
reactions. They function best in particular conditions of temperature
and acidity (pH), and their action can be slowed or stopped by
inhibitors.
Extracted from 'Oxford interactive Encyclopedia' by TLC
The graph shows that when the pH is changed the reaction rate of the
enzyme changes too. As an example from the graph above, Trypsin at a
pH of 4 the reaction rate is zero. As the pH increases towards pH 12,
the reaction rate increases until it peaks at pH 8 where the reaction
rate is at it's optimum. Beyond the peak the reaction rate begi...
... middle of paper ...
...ons and Measurements
I will use a stop watch to measure the time the enzyme takes to
convert starch (a polysaccharide chain) to maltose (a disaccharide)
I will test the end solution with Benedict's solution to see if
maltose is definitely produced.
Repeats
I shall repeat the experiment 3 times this shall produce an accurate
set of results. This will insure that any anomalous results obtained
will be more spread out.
Accuracy
In order to achieve a high level of accuracy I have made the following
choices:-
· All glass wear used for measuring e.g. measuring cylinder will be of
a grade B or higher.
·
Safety
The usual safety precautions must be enforced for example safety
goggles and clear walkways. Specific care must be taken when handling
the acidic pH as they may burn the skin.
In the pH homeostasis lab, 6 experiments were conducted. The hypotheses were: If base is added to water then the pH will increase; If acid is added to water then the pH will decrease; If base is added to homogenate, then the pH will increase; If acid is added to homogenate, then the pH will decrease; If acid or base is added to buffer, then the pH will remain the same. After the experiments were conducted, the graphs were somewhat similar to the hypotheses.
How Amylase Concentration Affects the Rate of the Starch Concentration In this piece of coursework, I have to carry out an investigation to find out how amylase concentration affects the rate of starch. Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up the chemical reaction that goes on inside living things. An enzyme acts on substrate and may do its job inside or outside the cells. However, the rate at which enzymes work are affected by the following factors/variables: Concentration:
the acid was at 14 C the magnesium took 141 seconds to react and 27 C
Investigating the Effect of Enzyme Concentration on the Hydrolysis of Starch with Amylase Aim: Investigate the effect of enzyme concentration on the rate of an enzyme-controlled reaction. Using amylase and starch as my example. Introduction: I am investigating the effect of the concentration of the enzyme, amylase on the time taken for the enzyme to fully breakdown the substrate, starch to a sugar solution. The varied variable will be the concentration and all other variables are going to be fixed. The different concentrations will be: 0.5% 0.75% 1.0% 1.5% 2% An enzyme is a class of protein, which acts as a biological catalyst to speed up the rate of reaction with its substrates.
Investigating the Factors Influencing the Rate of Reaction Between Sodium Thiosulphate and Dilute Hydrochloric Acid
== = = = I can measure the rate of reaction between the two substances using this formula.
= = pH 1 2 3 Average Rate of Reaction (cm3/s): 0 - 0. 3 0 0 0 0 0.000 5 0 0 0 0
The Effects of Concentration on Reaction Rate with Sodium Thiosulphate ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Planning = == == =
Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Reaction between Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid Investigation Chemical reactions are used in our everyday life, they literally keep us alive. They are used in food, respiration and everywhere else in the environment. A chemical reaction mainly occurs when reactants react together to produce a new product. The speed at which this reaction takes place is called the rate of reaction. The product produced has a number of particles in the solution that has formed from the reactants.
The effect of a change in PH on enzymes is the alteration in the ionic
I blanked it with 2 cm³ water, 1 cm³ amylase and 3 drops of iodine.
The pH of the solution would alter the rate of the reaction if it was
Investigate how the concentration of hydrochloric acid effects the rate at which it reacts with calcium carbonate
has on the rate of reaction. I will do this by recording the time it
Rate of Reaction - Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid. Aim Investigation, to find out how the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid is affected by changing the concentration. Introduction I must produce a piece of coursework investigating the rate of reaction, and the effect different changes have on them. The rate of reaction is the rate of loss of a reactant, or the rate of development of a product during a chemical reaction. It is measured by dividing 1 by the time taken for the reaction to take place.