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How concentration affects reaction rate
Effect of concentration on rate sodium thiosulphate higher chemistry
How concentration affects reaction rate
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The Effect of Concentration on Reaction Rate
Introduction
I will be carrying out an investigation into how concentration affects
reaction rate. I will be looking at sodium thiosulphate and
hydrochloric acid. The reaction is represented by the following
equation:
[IMAGE]Na2S2O3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) 2NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + SO2 (g) + S (s)
I will add the hydrochloric acid to the Sodium Thiosulphate and time
how log it takes for the mixture to turn opaque. I will use a
different concentration of Sodium Thiosulphate each time.
Prediction
My predictions, using previous knowledge is that the higher the
concentration of Sodium Thiosulphate there is the faster the reaction
rate will be.
This is based on the collision theory which I have outlined in
Background Knowledge.
In my preliminary work this has always been the case, for example if I
used 40 ml of Sodium Thiosulphate and 10 ml of water it was much
faster than when I used 10 ml of Sodium Thiosulphate and 40 ml of
water.
Background Knowledge
The rate of a reaction depends on two factors.
1) The number of collision per unit time between the reacting species.
2) The fraction of these collisions that are successful in producing a
mew molecule.
If two or more molecules collide but are not orientated correctly then
no reaction will take place. For a reaction to occur, molecules must
collide not only with sufficient energy but with the proper
orientation.
[IMAGE]
This diagram is the reaction between ethane, CH2CH2, and hydrogen
chloride, HCl.
In dilute Sodium Thiosulphate there are not so many particles. This
means that the chance of the particles colliding, and colliding
correctly is much less than if the Sodium Thiosulphate was
concentrated.
Apparatus
· Conical flask
· Burettes
· Measuring cylinder
· Funnels
· Thermometer
· Beakers
· Filter paper
· Sodium Thiosulphate
· Hydrochloric acid
CL-, as the ions of H+ and OH- react to form H2O. These spectator ions
The purpose of the experiment is to study the rate of reaction through varying of concentrations of a catalyst or temperatures with a constant pH, and through the data obtained the rate law, constants, and activation energies can be experimentally determined. The rate law determines how the speed of a reaction occurs thus allowing the study of the overall mechanism formation in reactions. In the general form of the rate law it is A + B C or r=k[A]x[B]y. The rate of reaction can be affected by the concentration such as A and B in the previous equation, order of reactions, and the rate constant with each species in an overall chemical reaction. As a result, the rate law must be determined experimentally. In general, in a multi-step reac...
Rate of reaction is the speed of reaction. In essays written by young scientists, they have used concentration as variable in their experiments; some have used a light sensor. connected to a data logger, to measure the amount of light passing. through the "cloudy" liquid. 1 moles = 6.02 1023 The particles in the hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulphate need to
Experiment is to investigate the rate of reaction between hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate Hydrochloric acid + Calcium Carbonate Þ Calcium Chloride + Water + Carbon Dioxide 2HCl (aq) CaCo3 (s) CaCl2(s) H2O (aq) CO2 (g) There are a number of variables in this experiment and these are listed below as input variables and outcome variables.
It is important however to note that the NH4 and K ions are still in
Investigating the Factors Influencing the Rate of Reaction Between Sodium Thiosulphate and Dilute Hydrochloric Acid
The aim is to find out if changing the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution has an effect on the time taken for the reaction. The reaction that will take place is: Hydrochloric acid + Calcium Carbonate + Calcium Chloride + Water + Carbon dioxide 2HCl (aq) + CaCo3 (s) CaCL2 (aq) + H2O + CO2 (g). Collision theory - Collisions between reactant particles are needed. for the reaction to take place in order to form a product.
The Effects of Concentration on Reaction Rate with Sodium Thiosulphate ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Planning = == == =
Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Reaction between Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid Investigation Chemical reactions are used in our everyday life, they literally keep us alive. They are used in food, respiration and everywhere else in the environment. A chemical reaction mainly occurs when reactants react together to produce a new product. The speed at which this reaction takes place is called the rate of reaction. The product produced has a number of particles in the solution that has formed from the reactants.
For a reaction to occur, particles must collide. If the collision causes a chemical change it is referred to as a fruitful collision. (Hutchinson Educational Encyclopaedia, 2000) Enzymes increase the rate of exergonic reactions by decreasing the activation energy of the reaction. Exergonic reactions are those in which the free energy of the concluding state is lower than the free energy of the opening state.
If a reactant is a solid, then breaking it up into smaller pieces (but keeping the mass the same) will increase its surface area. If there is a larger surface area the reacting particles will have more of an area to react with, therefore there will be more collisions. 4. A catalyst works by giving the reacting particles something to stick to where they can collide with each other, because they are all attracted to the catalyst there are going to be more collisions. A catalyst does not get used up in a reaction.
We will set up a conical flask on top a cross. We will vary the
My aim in this piece of work is to see the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction in a solution of hydrochloric acid containing sodium thiosulphate. The word equation for the reaction that will occur in the experiment is: Sodium thiosulphate + hydrochloric acid →, sulphur + sulphur dioxide +. sodium chloride + water ? where the sulphur is an insoluble precipitate.
Rate of Reaction - Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid. Aim Investigation, to find out how the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid is affected by changing the concentration. Introduction I must produce a piece of coursework investigating the rate of reaction, and the effect different changes have on them. The rate of reaction is the rate of loss of a reactant, or the rate of development of a product during a chemical reaction. It is measured by dividing 1 by the time taken for the reaction to take place.
The rate of reaction is how quickly or slowly reactants in chemical reactants turn into products. A low reaction rate is when the reaction takes a long time to take place; hence, a reaction that occurs quickly has a high reaction rate. A rate refers to how slow or quick the product is produced. It is possible to control the rate of chemical reactions and speed up or slow down the rate of chemical reactions by altering three main factors which are temperature, concentration and the surface area. When the temperature of the reactants increases, the molecules vibrate at a more intense speed therefore colliding with each other more frequently and with increased energy resulting in a greater rate of reaction. Accordingly, as the temperature decreases the molecules will move slower, colliding less frequently and with decreased energy resulting in the rate of reaction decreasing. Concentration is how much solute is dissolved into a solution and is also a factor that affects the rate of reaction. When the concentration is greater this means there is an increased amount of reactant atoms and molecules resulting in a higher chance that collisions between molecules will occur. A higher collision rate means a higher reaction rate. Consequently at lower concentrations there are reduced chances of the molecules colliding resulting in a lower reaction rate. The measurement of how much an area of a solid is exposed is called the surface area. The quicker a reaction will occur the more finely divided the solid is. For example, a powdered solid will usually have a greater rate of reaction in comparison to a solid lump that contains the same mass for it has a lower surface area than the powdered solid.