The Contribution of Cavour, Garibaldi and Napoleon III to the Unification of Italy
The “Risorgimento” or “Resurrection” culminated in the declaration of
the Kingdom of Italy and was finalized and put beyond all doubt when
Rome, capital of the Papal States, was conquered in 1870. There were
three key members of this gradual process who made the unification of
Italy possible.
Cavour, born into a noble Piedmontese family, started his career in
the military but, due to his liberal views he was forced to leave and
he resigned in 1831. After Pope Pius IX’s election in 1846, Cavour
felt that the chance for him to advocate reform had come. He failed in
revolutions but he became Prime Minister of Piedmont-Sardinia and at
the outbreak of the Crimean War he joined forces with Great Britain
and France and, by this, proved himself to be a fine statesman for
foreign affairs. And indeed it was his affairs with Napoleon III that
helped Sardinia expand in a big way. After meeting with the man
himself, Cavour agreed that if Austria were to attack Sardinia, French
Fleets would enter the war on Sardinia's side. Cavour immediately set
to provoking Austria into war, and in April 1859 Austria attacked the
small Italian state. However, after ferocious victories, Napoleon
decided to withdraw his troops. A compromise was formed and it allowed
the Austrians to keep Venetia and transferred the territories
conquered by the Sardinians to their former rulers. Sardinia received
only Lombardy. Although Cavour was furious at Napoleon, the situation
soon reversed itself when the citizens of Tuscany, Modena, Parma and
Bologna voted to become part of Sardinia anyway.
Garibaldi’s influence, it seems to me, was small in the big scheme of
things and although he was influenced by Mazzini, who has been left
out in the title but played a great role in organising and initiating
the transformation, there is reason to believe he just arrived at the
end and picked up the spoils and glory that came with it. The
Red-Shirts took Sicily and he hailed himself Dictator of the island.
Next, we will discuss the Risorgimento, a 19th-century movement for unification of Italy that would ultimately establish the Kingdom of Italy in 1861. Before this time, the Italian peninsula
The Extent to Which the Lack of Popular Support was the Main Reason for the Weakness of Italian Nationalism in the Period 1815-1848
Italy achieved her unification in 1870. She had a constitutional monarchy like that of Great Britain, but democratic society failed to develop in Italy because the government was controlled by corrupt politicians, called the party bosses. They controlled the elections by bribing the voters. Once they were in power, they were more interested in achieving personal gains for themselves than in solving the social and economic problems of the people. As a result of this political corruption, Italy remained a poor country. Industrial progress was slow. Italy was poor in natural resources and lack of fertile land. Many of the farm laborers were landless and were often unemployed, so millions of Italians were forced to emigrate.
Italy and Britain, France and Russia have more common interests, manifested in: Italy could not afford to offend the United Kingdom, because its long coastline could not afford to attack the British strong navy, so the beginning that does not participate in any action against Britain. The "impoverished imperialism" of Italy was financially dependent on the "usury imperialism" of France, in particular the failure of both Ethiopia in 1887 and 1895, and was compelled to unconditionally recognize its independence and reparations 10 million lire, which makes the financial and economic difficulties in Italy, when the opportunity to take advantage of loans in France, and to display flexible diplomatic means to make Italy and France signed a treaty, the two sides of their respective expansion in Africa and the benefits achieved To reach an agreement. Italy in order to successfully expand in Africa, also reached an agreement with Russia, the two sides signed that the common resistance to the expansion of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the Balkans, intended to Russia in the Black Sea Strait expansion of the "goodwill", the expansion of North Africa understanding. Before the outbreak of World War I, because of advantages and dis advantages, in fact, Italy separated from the Three Kingdoms the parties from the
The word Fascism comes from fasces, the bundle of elm or birch rods from which an ax
Machiavelli's Italy was caught in the middle of a conflict between France and Spain over control of Naples. When King Charles VIII of France set out, around the 1490's, to claim the southern Italian Kingdom, he found assistance, not resistance, from Lodovico Sforza, then Duke of Milan. The leader in Florence, Piero Medici, set out to confront the French invasion, but upon realization of the might of his opposition, he "panicked [and] rode out to meet Charles and presented him with keys to…the important fortresses in Florentine territory" (Muhlberger 1). With such leadership, it is no surprise that Italy was nothing more than a collection of weak city-states. The condition of Italy, with its fragmented populace and effeminate leaders, was a far cry from the glory and might of the Roman Empire.
Benito Mussolini decided to get Italy involved in World War II. This decision had a negative impact on Italy. After World War I, the Italian people were angry that Italy did not get more land from the peace settlement. Getting Italy involved in World War II was not necessary. Getting involved in this war could have easily been avoided, but Mussolini decided to help and tries to give Italians what they wanted. What the Italians hoped to gain from World War I was never received. The gaining of land for Italy seemed as if it was a necessity to Mussolini. To gain more land, Mussolini led Italy into World War II. Things did not work out as expected for Mussolini. Thinking he had everything under control and that everything would go his way, things backfired and many men were lost during World War II. He also made Italy mar...
The key issues over which the Italian Wars were fought were primarily financial incentives for Charles VIII of France. He declared that he intended to use Naples as a base to drive the Ottomans out of Europe and liberate Constantinople. In actual truth his main motivation was self-glory and the mouth-watering prospect of acquiring some exquisite prizes of war. On the way he would acquire rich cities and portable pieces of art. It seems that this invasion had been planned for two years prior since Charles had already bought off potential rivals like Henry VII of England, Ferdinand and Macsimilion. He had also enlisted the support of Genoa and Milan, both within Italy. The regent of Milan, Ludovico Sforza, needed allies and his invitation in 1594 seemed to Charles’ plans perfectly. He accepted and the Italian wars began. Also, the Cardinal of Genoa resented the current Pope, Alexander VI. He invited Charles to come in, depose him and spark off the eagerly awaited church reform.
Brown, Gregory. "NATIONAL UNITY: ITALY (1848-1876)." NATIONAL UNITY: ITALY (1848-1876). University of Las Vegas, Nevada, n.d. Web. 23 Feb. 2014. .
Italy after the war was filled with an assortment of embittered veterans, republicans (anti-monarchists), anarchists, syndicalists and restless socialist revolutionaries. Many socialists and working people were impressed by the "worker 's revolution" in Russia, and they were ready to support revolution in Italy.” This explains some of the many reasons why Fascism was so attractive to Italian Citizens. Even though this way of governing went against citizens’ self-interests, they accepted it because they were angry with certain problems regarding the government in Italy. Despite the strong Italian nationalism, these citizens still desired a strong leader for stability. Because of the nationalism, citizens wanted to feel superior in their country. Of course there were still opposes to this fascist movement, but many people agreed with Benito Mussolini in an abundance of areas. They accepted Fascism for the military part of the deal; they believe that Italy can only survive by proving its military superiority. These people also had a strong desire to expand the territories, and Mussolini made it seem like he would be able to make that happen. There were many people who disagreed with Communist and socialist ways, so they seemed to like this “third-way” that Mussolini created. Due to the fact that it is a combination of ideas from other social groups, many people were able to relate and agree with
The North Italian states were better economically and politically than the Southern Italian states. This led to a less feeling of nationalism since the North and South were different and was one of the reasons why the early attempts in 1821, 1830 and 1848 for unification failed. A group called Carbonari was working towards unification of the Italian states. Carbonari meant the Charcoal Burners and it was a secret society. In early 19th century a Carbonari named Mazzini brought up the notion of “Young Italy”. He emphasized on the one Italian state. He soon becomes the famous Italian soldier. In 1833, Garibaldi meets Mazzini for the first time and enrolls for the Young Italy Movement. “Young Italy” movement was where Garibaldi rose up. Slowly the sense of an Italian state was coming up but still the states were lacking a leader who would lead the way to the
The Italian Unification was a big impact on Nationalism, which was led by Benso di Cavour, which supplied most of the ideology for the movement. Benso di Cavour was also the Prince of Piedmont-Sardinia and severed as King Victor Emmanuel II. Cavour built the strength of Piedmont-Sardinia by making a strong army, an environment that was healthy, and political freedom. Cavour was all for freedom of speech, gaining Napoleon III support by promising him Sa...
In the early years of the twentieth century, Italy has created a new system of government, however suffered social and economic conditions. Improvements were made however, poverty and literacy were still problems that have not been solved well. While entering World War I, the nation was neutral up until joining the British and French in exchange for certain advantages. However, it was unsuccessful as Italy failed to take control of the territories that it claimed at the Versailles Peace Conference,and suffered significant losses. The ideology of fascism occurred when the power of Italy was shrinking and the idea of being a pacifist became weak. Benito Mussolini created a group of fascists to represent a means to stop the socialists and the communists coming into his nation.
Compare and Contrast the Unification of Germany, Italy, and the United States. From the 1790s to 1814 French troops successively conquered and occupied the area that later constituted the German Empire. French domination helped to modernize and consolidate Germany and -- toward the end -- sparked the first upsurge of German nationalism. In different ways, the French emperor Napoleon I helped German unification.
Italy is beautiful and a wonderful place to visit with so many breathtaking scenes, including many ancient sites. It has a very interesting history, and very neat variety of cultures, religions, and languages. The food is amazing and has a good twist to it. Many challenges and issues remain unsolved and remain a problem. Despite the issues it is still a great place to visit.