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America in the 19th century
Second half of the nineteenth century america
America in the 19th century
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THE PLANTATION MISTRESS The Plantation Mistresses introduced by Catherine Clinton present in vivid detail the story of real lives and activities as a wife, household executive of white women’s during the nineteenth-century. This historian book illustrates clearly that while the “Southern belle” may have prevail momentarily, it was the “Steel magnolia” who reigned. This paper will review, evaluate and provide a critical analysis of Clinton’s story as well as her main arguments. By focusing on any areas of weakness within the story. Most people frequently think of the women of the Old South as appealing, as well as conceited, lacking intelligence, susceptible to dramatic situations, and almost totally decorative. However, their life as …show more content…
Nonetheless, southern women were often pulled out from their family, constrain to live a miserable life at the husband house and unable to leave their house without an escort, whether is to visit family member often hundreds of miles away. Her husband could often leave the plantation for weeks for business purpose elsewhere in the country, trusting her to run the plantation alone. In the Old South marriage was not standardized, women were forced into arrange marriage often to others family member in other to keep their wealth. The Old South was very much an undemocratic society, built on old-fashioned notions of honor and fortune, and women were captive to this far more than men were. Although they had all the luxury a person could want in the world, despite laws that forbid a woman from owning slaves and the lack of sufficient education, responsibility for managing the entire plantation often fell on her in the absence of her husband. She was responsible for taking care of her home, raise and teach her children. Beyond the fact that she took care of her children’s, she was also required to looks at needs of any slaves her husband may own, stitching their clothes, keeping a lawn to …show more content…
Inappropriate sexual behavior was not unusual in the Southern Society, although men were held to a moderate extent responsible for their act if they had enticed a teenage girl placed under their custody, women were blamed and abandon to their own more frequently. In some cases, were husband were attentive to them, plantation mistress had to worry about been cheated on, feeling isolated, they became addicted to narcotic. Plantation mistress suffering for so much abused that they took their anger toward their female slaves, beating, abusing and making them responsible for having an affair with their husbands. While Catherine Clinton has argued that plantation mistress was secretly opposed to the system of slavery, base on my reading of this book, I somewhat believe that they were also responsible or part of the development of slavery. However, I will remain neutral because the author presented lots of examples to sustain her argument. Clinton's main idea of the book is to in light the confusion on a category of American women in the nineteenth-century. Her significant benefaction of the work lies perhaps
Slaves during the mid-1800s were considered chattel and did not have rights to anything that opposed their masters’ wishes. “Although the slaves’ rights could never be completely denied, it had to be minimized for the institution of slavery to function” (McLaurin, 118). Female slaves, however, usually played a different role for the family they were serving than male slaves. Housework and helping with the children were often duties that slaveholders designated to their female slaves. Condoned by society, many male slaveholders used their female property as concubines, although the act was usually kept covert. These issues, aided by their lack of power, made the lives of female slaves
In this essay, we will examine three documents to prove that they do indeed support the assertion that women’s social status in the United States during the antebellum period and beyond was as “domestic household slaves” to their husband and children. The documents we will be examining are: “From Antislavery to Women 's Rights” by Angelina Grimke in 1838, “A Fourierist Newspaper Criticizes the Nuclear Family” in 1844, and “Woman in the Nineteenth Century” by Margaret Fuller in 1845.
Deborah White configures the preeminent perception that Southern white women had of colored slave women. The initial impression was that all black women slaves were sexual deviants that were not fully equipped to fulfill their roles as slaves as they imposed a sort of “dangerous” sexual pressure in the community. The following vison of the common slave woman was that of a motherly nature in the way that the women were subject to have children for the sole purpose of renewing the source for slaves. No matter the outlook, it is clear that the slave women of the south were being forced to be flexible with their roles in order to please the slave
The overwhelming impression of the lives of most plantation wives is of isolation. When Anne Nichols moved to her husband's Virginia estate, she wrote that she was "absolutely as far removed frome very thing....as if I was in a solitary tomb." Houses were far apart, and Southern mores prohibited ladies from travelling alone, or even with another woman. "It is quite out of our power to trvel any distance this summer as we have no gentlemen to go with us" wrote a stranded plnatation mistress.
Valerie Martin’s Novel Property is an engrossing story of the wife of a slave owner and a slave, whom a mistress of the slave owner, during the late 18th century in New Orleans. Martin guides you through both, Manon Guadet and her servant Sarah’s lives, as Ms. Gaudet unhappily lives married on a plantation and Sarah unhappily lives on the plantation. Ms. Gaudet’s misserableness is derived from the misfortune of being married to a man that she despises and does not love. Sarah, the slave, is solely unhappy due to the fact that she is a slave, and has unwillingly conceived to children by Ms. Gaudiest husband, which rightfully makes Sarah a mistress. Throughout the book, Martin captivates the reader and enables you to place yourself in the characters shoes and it is almost as you can relate to how the characters are feeling.
The life of a plantation mistress changed significantly once her husband left to join the Southern army. A majority of them stayed right on the land even if they were rich enough to move to a safer place. While there, the women and children would do a plethora of things: plant gardens, sew, knit, weave cloth, spin thread, process and cure meat, scour copper utensils, preserve and churn butter, and dip candles. Another important chore for a plantation mistress was caring for all the slaves. This included providing food, clothing, shelter, and medical care.1 Since money was scarce, "everything was made at home" according to one Southern woman. In a letter to her sister, she added that they "substituted rice for coffee . . . honey and homemade molasses for sugar . . . all we wore was made at home. Shoes also. You would be surprised to see how neat people looked."2 Even a ten-year-old girl wrote in her diary how she would have to go to work to help her mother: "Mama has been very busy to day and I have been trying to help her all I could." This same little girl cooked for her family and cared for her little sister while her mother was busy keeping the plantation alive. 3 Not only did the women stay busy trying to keep...
In antebellum America, cotton became an extremely important economic factor in the South, as well as the rest of the United States. Cotton was the oil of the nineteenth century. As its importance grew, so did the emergence of plantations and the need for slavery. Those who owned plantations were usually very wealthy and could afford a large portion of land, and the labor to maintain it. Gender roles on plantations were somewhat different than what would be seen in a New England household. Plantation mistresses were needed to manage the property in the absence of the male. Therefore, these women had some power over what when on around the plantations. For some women, this was not always a power they wanted.
The book’s thesis is that the overseers and slave masters had a difficult time of managing slaves on the plantations. According to Franklin, slaves were very resistant to slavery and bondage, and some slaves would not stop trying to runaway despite the consequences. Franklin states, “The tensions, conflicts, and often violent confrontations between master and servant, or overseer and slave, have received less attention.”(2) White southerners refused to admit that slaves could n...
Non-slave-owning women clung to the belief that owning slaves would relieve them of domestic chores and transform them into the figure of the Southern plantation mistress. Although wholly exaggerated, the women who did own slaves projected themselves to the rest of the South through the image of the mythical Southern mistress in order to uphold their role in society”
These were women who weren’t directly under the supervision of a white male; and were thought to be a threat to the social order. Free black women regardless of their economic standing or family situations were suspect along with poor white women who either bore children out of wedlock, or had black lovers. To antebellum society motherhood is thought of as the most noble calling for southern white women, but becomes the “most appalling system of degradation when occurred outside marriage”(p.2). Interracial sexual relations are “regarded as the greatest moral outrage against [antebellum] society” (p.69) Poor women during this time often broke the norm of this times female behavior, and were the most likely to engage in an interracial social or sexual relationship. The respected white women in the community would often refer to these women as “vile”, “lewd”, and “vicious” “products of an inferior strain of humanity” (p. 90). While these relationships were seen as being unmoral, whenever a white man had a sexual relationship with a black women he had little to no fear of disapproval from society as long as the woman was still treated as a black women instead of getting the respect that was reserved for white women. Women were often harassed by court officials threatening charges of prostitution, bastardy, or fornication they then would assume the role of the patriarch and attempt to forcibly
In The Plantation Mistress, Catherine Clinton enlightens readers on the true realities of wives in the antebellum south. She successfully knocks down the ideology of the gentle southern belles, whom led glamorously leisure lifestyles of opulence and brings forth the harshness and restrictions of their daily lives. “I focus on a character both overlaid by romantic mythologizing and considerably shortchanged by traditional historical literature”. (p. xi) I This book centers on the tiresome, isolated lives of plantation mistresses, as well as the commonalities between white southern women and slaves.
Whether a woman was the mistress of a plantation or the wife of a yeoman farmer, her life was defined by work. Only a small number of women, those related or married to the South's premier planters escaped the demands of society. Plantation women passed quickly from carefree belles to matrons in charge of children, often overseeing the work of household slaves. Many mistresses, especially those on smaller plantations, did work, taking on tasks seen as too insubstantial for slaves, including making candles, sewing clothes, and preparing certain foods. All of these duties were to be done while preserving the mannerisms their husbands expected (Grander, 3).
“Line of Color, Sex, and Service: Sexual Coercion in the Early Republic” is a publication that discusses two women, Rachel Davis and Harriet Jacobs. This story explains the lives of both Rachel and Harriet and their relationship between their masters. Rachel, a young white girl around the age of fourteen was an indentured servant who belonged to William and Becky Cress. Harriet, on the other hand, was born an enslaved African American and became the slave of James and Mary Norcom. This publication gives various accounts of their masters mistreating them and how it was dealt with.
No lawyer or judge would protect a slave’s nonexistent rights. They were property and as property could be used in any way seen fit by their master. Thus, illegitimate children were formed and forced into slavery. The mistress had no control over her husband’s actions and had to tolerate the children of enslaved women if not able to sell them (Butler 85). There was always the looming threat that a family could be separated no matter how well they worked. Sarah had several of her children sold on the whims of Margaret and not solely because it would produce profit (Butler 95). Enslaved women could not resist the actions of the masters without facing punishment. The challenges faced by slaves had to be met with stoicism. By suppressing their hardships, slaves were led to suicide or driven to escape with little
Deborah Gray White’s Ar’n’t I a Woman? details the grueling experiences of the African American female slaves on Southern plantations. White resented the fact that African American women were nearly invisible throughout historical text, because many historians failed to see them as important contributors to America’s social, economic, or political development (3). Despite limited historical sources, she was determined to establish the African American woman as an intricate part of American history, and thus, White first published her novel in 1985. However, the novel has since been revised to include newly revealed sources that have been worked into the novel. Ar’n’t I a Woman? presents African American females’ struggle with race and gender through the years of slavery and Reconstruction. The novel also depicts the courage behind the female slave resistance to the sexual, racial, and psychological subjugation they faced at the hands of slave masters and their wives. The study argues that “slave women were not submissive, subordinate, or prudish and that they were not expected to be (22).” Essentially, White declares the unique and complex nature of the prejudices endured by African American females, and contends that the oppression of their community were unlike those of the black male or white female communities.