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Native american culture and traditions
Native American cultural assessment
Importance of archaeology in history
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Examining excavated artifacts can tell researchers a lot about the people who left them behind. The artifacts can hint at characteristics such as how people lived, what time period they were from, what they ate, and how their families were structured. The identification of the three bags of artifacts was completed by utilizing artifacts that helped to infer the time period it was from. Bag one contained seven artifacts that were dug up in Missouri. The items included were a tab from a can, a broken plastic microwave meal container, a broken jar, a plastic bottle opener, a scoop like those used for coffee or sugar, the top part of a box of oatmeal squares, and the cap to what looks like a bottle of deodorant. The oatmeal squares box flap that was in the first bag was made out of cardboard and had yellow, green, blue, and red coloring on it. The text on it read "Nature Valley Soft-Baked Oatmeal Squares," "Cinnamon Brown Sugar," "to …show more content…
The piece selected to be analyzed has color variations ranging from light to dark brown. Small pieces can easily be flaked off with light handling, showing that it is not very durable. There was visible cracking throughout the piece and, in one place, half of the wood was missing which revealed the inner part of the artifact. This artifact was likely used for the construction of various everyday items, such as baskets, tools, weapons, and other equipment. It could also have been a part of the Native Americans' diet or had medicinal purposes. The third bag may have come from level D in the stratigraphic profile. This is because the artifacts in bag three were the oldest out of the bags. Because of the fact that most Native Americans were forcibly removed from Missouri when certain treaties were passed, the date of these Native American artifacts is likely prior to the 1800s. The relative date of these artifacts can be estimated to be from 7,000 to 1800
The Kunz Axe is a votive axe that is associated with the Olmec culture. It was found in the hills of Oaxaca, Mexico by George Kunz in 1890. The axe appears to be dating around 800-500 BC, which is part of the Middle Formative period. Although this artifact is considered an axe, it does not mean that this was its function. The votive axe appears more of a sculpture and it is “more likely that it was used in ritual settings” (Milner Library, n.d.). The material that was used to made this artifact is jade. Because the artifact was made out of jade, it is believed that it was “reserved for the adornment of gods and royalty” (The Met, n.d.). The Kunz Axe has a blue green color and it is about eleven inches high. It appears to depict a human with
This artifact belongs to my great-great-grandmother Mayo Brumfield (Granny Brumfield). Granny Brumfield liked to make beautiful quilts and can beans. She had two children named Leonard and Bernice Brumfield. She worked around her huge farm with her family. They grew plants. Some of them are cucumbers, watermelons, tomatoes, beans - you name it. Next was my great-grandfather J.L. Leonard (Papa Leonard). Papa Leonard lives in Zachary, Louisiana. He loves football, in fact he tried out for the Dallas Cowboys in Arkansas and he got second place! He broke a speed record for running a mile in 10 minutes! He was a rocket. Next is my grandmother Dianne Tidwell (Nana). She has three children named Brandi, Kate, and Travis. She lives in Orneville, Louisiana. Nana teaches K-4 at Leonville Elementary. Next is my mom, Brandi Gaitan (Mom). She has three children Jude, Carmen, and Gabrella. Mom lives in Shreveport, Louisiana. She used to work at Jefferson County Medical Society in Beaumont, Texas. Next comes me, Jude Gaitan. I have two sisters. Their names are Carmen and Gabriella Gaitan. I was born in Baton Rouge, Louisiana and live in Shreveport, Louisiana. I also go to school at St. Mark's Cathedral school and have lots of friends.
In 1799 young Conrad Reed, a 12 year old boy, found a big shiny rock in Little Meadow Creek on the family farm in Cabarrus county North Carolina. Conrad lugged it home but the Reed family had no idea what it was and used it as a clunky door stop. Thinking that it must be some kind of metal, John Reed, Conrad’s father, took it to Concord North Carolina to have a silver smith look at it. The silver smith was unable to identify it as gold. John Reed hauled it back home. Three years later in 1802 he took the rock to Fayetteville North Carolina where a jeweler recognized it for what it was right away. The jeweler asked him if could smelt it down to a bar for him, John agreed. When John returned to the jeweler had a gold brick measuring six to eight inches long. It’s hard to believe but John Reed had no idea of the metals worth. The jeweler asked him what he wanted for it and John thought that a week’s wages would be fair so he sold it to the jeweler for $3.50. It is rumored that John purchased a calico dress for his wife and some coffee beans with his wi...
In this ancient place there were all different kinds of remnants from what looked to be a permanent settlement, which led us to believe that it was formed in the Neolithic period. Scientists also believe from the skull fragments found that the Cro-Magnons were the hominid type that inhabited the area. Some of the fossils found helped to prove that the settlement was immobile because the fossilized plants were apparently in a specific arrangement, showing that they were planted purposefully. Some of the cotton grown in this area was apparently used to make woven cloth. Remnants of corn meal were used to make some of the mortar for their establishments, along with mud and sand. They also made their bricks, which were much larger than today’s, from mud. Some of the teeth from the Cro-Magnons were found to be stained. They were thought to be from the coffee ingested due to the high amounts of caffeine deposits in the bones.
Journal of Archaeological Science, Volume 30, Issue 5, May 2003, Pages 585-593, ISSN 0305-4403, 10.1016/S0305-4403(02)00205-4.
Processual archaeology attempts to treat archaeology as a science, we know this because the scientific method is used to make objective inferences about archaeological data. These "Processualists" believed that it was indeed possible to break past the limits of archaeological record, and actu...
Archaeologists are constantly questioning both past circumstances, technologies and capabilities of the past; one of the ways of analyzing and interpreting archaeological data is through the practice of Experimental Archaeology. Experimental Archaeology is a scientific approach to analyzing archaeological data found during excavations. Experimental Archaeologists are grounded in science and work to explain various aspect of the past through physical experimentation being the way of analyzing and interpreting the past. This paper will discuss what Experimental Archaeology is and why it is important to the overall field of archaeology, additionally; it will provide examples of Experimental Archaeology.
A majority of southeastern art was lost when they were removed from their homes and moved onto reservations. It is through portable objects that were collected or bought by westerners that southeastern art survives. The main example this paper will be drawing from is a bandouliere bag titled only as Shoulder Bag made by the Cherokee people in the 1830s during the height of bandouliere bag production. It measures 20 x 23.5 cm and is currently held by the University of California in San Diego. A bandouliere bag is a bag that is worn crossbody with a large panel and a small pocket. The beadwork typically covers the strap as well as the front panel. Depending on the region the strap ends with different fringes and shapes. Almost universally, the beading pattern across the strap changes into a similar but distinctly different pattern when it reaches the top of the arch and travels back down. Most bag designs have a strong sense of balance but actively avoid symmetry. They also typically operate within a limited color pallet with certain colors being associated with different tribes. Although the most well known form for southeastern beadwork is the bandouliere bag, beadwork was also used in clothing such as belts and beaded panels. In some regions such as the Great Lakes bandouliere bags became objects to display artfully designed beadwork and lost their function as a
The first one is technology/economy because its purpose is to help organize the behavior of the people in a culture and call social artifact (help see how people interact with each other). Then goes social/political helps archaeologist see the political view and the social group those persons belong to. Lastly, is religion/ideology which are artifacts like a figurine incest burner, which helps organize people (what they should do). The type of science processual archaeologist formulate or argue is that it needs to be tested before saying something, focus on explanation as opposed to explication, excavating 100% of the sight before going deeper instead of digging a few holes in the ground, and deconstructive of the past waves. Based on system theory, which the goal is to understand the complex factors that drive cultural change and explain people’s adoption to the environment factors. After excavating 100% of the sight (context) then we can talk about the behavior in a sight. If a person cannot use logical hypothesis deduction that cannot be tested do not ask the question and do not say things if you do not have evidenced. The meaning of artifacts is that by taking the architecture archaeologist could figure out the past cultures life and by looking closely which artifacts are related with that. These artifacts help us look at the community, but earlier
The field of archaeology focuses on things which humans have created or impacted, and left behind. Though the field
There is a saying that goes: One must first have an understanding of the past in order to proceed into the future. An archaeologist’s job, therefore, is very important because they have the crucial role of interpreting the past through archaeological finds. How does an archaeologist go about doing this? How does he interpret his findings? How are the artifacts that he finds related to the behaviors of past humans?
Ashmore, Wendy, and Robert J. Sharer. Discovering Our Past: A Brief Introduction to Archaeology. Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Pub., 1988. Print.
According to The Society for American Archaeology, the definition of Archaeology is, “to obtain a chronology of the past, a sequence of events and dates that, in a sense, is a backward extension of history.” The study of ancient civilizations and archaeology is rather ambiguous due to the primitive nature of the time period. With little imagery and even less textual evidence, professionals in the field must work diligently when studying their subjects. Naturally, archaeologists cannot see or communicate with those whom they are studying, so they must be extraordinarily meticulous when analyzing past cultures. This relates to all aspects of the ancient world including; foods, raw materials, artifacts, agriculture, art work and pottery. All of these elements can collectively provide new and innovative information to curious archaeologists who may wish to gain a better understanding of those who came before us. This information is equally beneficial for both historians and archaeologists who plan to compare the histories of societies from all around the world. In the world of archaeology, archaeologists strive to better explain human behavior by analyzing our past. Therefore, the study of archaeology is a key element in understanding a time before our own.
Archaeologists are scattered across the gamut. Considering knowledge of human past is valuable to numerous academic disciplines. Varieties of archaeological application include: cultural resource management, heritage conservation, historic preservation,
Distinguishing between the many diverse archaeological periods is typically done in two ways. The first way to differentiate between two periods is to notice if there is a clear boundary or separation among the archaeological remains. The second way is by looking at the periods from a historical standpoint, and noting any major historical event that led to a significant social and/or political change. Though there are other ways to do this, these are the two most common and useful methods. Both of these techniques make it possible to recognize the differences in archaeological time periods.