Introduction of Sulfur Dioxide Sulfur dioxide is a colorless gas which with a pungent odor. It will become liquid form when under pressure (heat) and will dissolves in water very fast or easily. The primary sources of sulfur dioxide are comes mainly from some activities such as burning of fossil fuel to provide electric power, process of making steel, coal-burning and others. However, it can also be released from the natural volcanic activity or volcanic eruption to the air. This gaseous can easily pose a threat to the living things such as human, animal and plant. Life Cycle MacLeod et al. (1961) was confirmed that when the entry rate is low, sulfur ion can enter the metabolic pathways of plants normally without any distinct injury or symptom on the leaves. However, if the amount of sulfur ions excess the ‘normal’ quantities in the plant requirement enters, it can affected the metabolism of plants or the characters of chronic injury (yellowing) to the plants will develop no matter how slowly the sulfur enter the plants. But when the sulfur enters the plants rapidly, the metabolic systems of plants for coping with sulfur will overwhelmed and it can causes the acute injury occurs (bifacial intercostals necrosis). Causes by the Sulfur Dioxide Sulfur may enter the plants in few ways such as enter through the roots in form of sulphate ion, dissolved in water with form of sulphate ion or in form of gaseous sulfur dioxide (SO2) which can penetrates into the leaves through the stomata. But both of it can be utilized by plants through the metabolism of normal sulfur, although the limited pathway via cuticle was proof. However, the aperture of the stomata was largely controlled by conditions of the environment, such as temperature, ligh... ... middle of paper ... ...ts. Because when the plant is in a good condition or health, it can resist all type of injury compare to weakened plants. To maintain the health of plants, we can water it in time of drought, fertilize it when needed and the soil should be in a good condition also. Such as well-draining, not compacted and must be porous. Secondly, we can try to choose the plant which is more tolerant to the air pollutant. Third way is try to reduce the emissions from the source if possible. Works Cited REFRENCE 1. Retrieve from: http://webcam.srs.fs.fed.us/pollutants/ozone/ 2. Retrieve from: http://ozone.unep.org/Assessment_Panels/EEAP/eeap-report2010.pdf 3. Retrieve from: http://webcam.srs.fs.fed.us/pollutants/ozone/ 4. Retrieve from: http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Reprint07-21.pdf 5. Retrieve from: http://www.nature.nps.gov/air/aqbasics/docs/epaozoneresponse.pdf
Sulfur has a melting point of 239.38 degrees Fahrenheit, a boiling point of 832.28 degrees Fahrenheit, and the density is 2.67 g/cm. Sulfur has sixteen electrons, protons, and neutrons. When sulfur reacts with the air, it produces a gaseous dioxide. It does not react with water under normal circumstances. Sulfur reacts with halogens when heated.
N.p., 29 Mar. 2014. Web. 28 Mar. 2014. "Related Topics. " Plant Science Research : Ozone Effects on Plants.
O’Leary, J., and Knecht, G. 1986. Elevated CO2 concentration increases stomate numbers in Phaseolus vulgaris leaves. Botanical Gazette. 142: 438-441.
The another devastating abiotic stress which is considered to be highly responsible worldwide for decreasing yield and quality of crop productivity is drought (Lambers et al. 2008 ; Moghadam et al .,2011; Mohsen Pourgholam et al.,2013 ; M. Farooq et al., 2012; Abolhasani and Saeidi, 2004 ; Monjezi et al., 2013).It harms plant growth and development and reduces crop growth rate and also affects biomass accumulation. Generally, in crop plants drought severely affects the cell division and expansion, elongation of root, leaf size, proliferation of root and inhibition of shoot growth (Sharp & Davies 1989; Spollen et al.,1993;Yamaguchi et al.,2010). Furthermore ,it also badly hampers all kinds of plant functions and physiological and biochemical traits such as mineral elements, carbohydrates, free radicals, ions, hormones, lipids, and nucleic acids (HongBo et al., 2005; Yasar et al., ; Moghadam et al .,2011,Mohsen Pourgholam et al,2013) .The transportation of nutrients from the roots to the stem severely get affected by drought as the rate of transpiration is reduced and damage of active transport and membrane permeability take place (Viets, 1972; Alam, 1999; Yasar et al ). Simultaneously, due to decrease in soil moisture, problem occurs with the low distribution of absorbed nutrients by the plant roots in the soil (Alam, 1999; Yasar et al ). More importantly, drought leads to rise in generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to energy accumulation in stress condition of plants (Smirnoff 1993; Asada 2006; Waraich et al.,2011).Drought diminishes photosynthetic carbon fixation primarily through restraining the entrance of CO2 into the leaf or by reducing metabolism (Smirnoff 1993; Loggini et al., 1999; Ap...
The sulfur dioxide in environment mainly mainly comes from the direct combustion of fossil fuels including coal, petroleum, and so on. Meanwhile, the combustion of fossil fuels were the main sources of the sulfur dioxide in atmosphere. Generally speaking, the content of sulfur in cola was around 3%~5%. Unde the high temperature, most of the sulfur in fuels would be decomposed through being affected by the heat, and then the sulfur was oxidized to the sulfur dioxide, being released into the atmosphere. Based on data, billion of tones of fossil fuels were consumed in the world every year. These fossil fuels were burnt for electrical energy and heat thermal energy, but the sulfur content was oxidized to the sul...
Carbon dioxide or CO2 is known to be one of a number of gases that are astonishingly transparent to the visible light that falls on the Earth from the Sun, but it absorb the infra-red radiation that emitted by the warm surface of our Earth, to prevents its loss into space. Moreover, CO2 has varied considerably and this affected the Earth’s temperature. Most common source of this CO2 is known as the fossil fuel. Fossil fuels are primarily coal, hydrocarbons, natural gas, or fuel oil that formed from the remains of the dead plants and also animals. The burning fossil fuel that has been created by humans is the largest source of emissions of the carbon dioxide.
...drought is a more serious case in which plants have to either acclimate or adapt to the environmental condition in which it is living in to combat the heat stress. Deep root systems and early stomatal closure are a couple strategies that plants use to increase water uptake and decrease transpirational water loss. During rainfall, plants have more water available to them because of the increase in soil water potential and stomatal conductance. Frequency in precipitation pulses allows the plant to photosynthesize and transpire in moderation. An aim for future research is to study plant physiology at the community and ecosystem levels to further understand the water and carbon budgets (Loik 2007). A plant behavior under extreme drought conditions or increased rainfall variability can help predict future changes in CO2 assimilation and help preserve plant ecosystems.
Industrial/commercial uses- Sulfur Cyanide is used for agriculture to produce herbicides and fungicides. In the oilfield industry it’s used as a chemical tracer. Sulfur Cyanide is also used as an intermediate for metal Thiocyanates in anti-fouling paints. It’s also used as the starting agent in the synthesis of certain metals and dyes. Alongside all of these things it is also an additive in peroxodisulfates (“Thiocyanate - AkzoNobel.com.”
Even though plants produce oxygen, they produced more or less oxygen due to their placement on the tree. The experiment investigated the different CO2 intake by the Pittosporum due to how much sunlight they are able to obtain. It was to discover if placement of leaves on the tree had any affect on how the tree intakes CO2. The Pittosporum leaves were obtained from the middle, outer and inner part of the tree and then put into a chamber to collect the amount of CO2 intake. Each leaf was put into light and then dark to test how they reacted to light vs. dark. The GPP was the same in each location.The p-values for the experiment were 0.052151,0.45045, and 0.063187. The experiment suggests that the more sunlight a plant obtains the faster
Liu, Tingwu, et al. "A Combined Proteomic And Transcriptomic Analysis On Sulfur Metabolism Pathways Of Arabidopsis Thaliana Under Simulated Acid Rain." Plos ONE 9.3 (2014): 1-11. Academic Search Complete. Web. 16 May 2014.
Hydrogen sulfide is a colorless gas with an obnoxious rotten egg odour. H2S is highly flammable, noxious and vitriolic in nature. Its presence can be felt by smell at very low levels, as low as 0.5 ppb in air. Many petroleum and natural gas processing industries produces H2S as a by-product in gaseous stream. Most H2S in the air comes in from natural sulfur cycle. It is produced when bacteria decompose plant and animal material, often in stagnant waters where oxygen content is low such as bogs and swamps. Volcanic eruptions, sulfur springs, salt marsh...
Carbon Dioxide is a colorless, odorless gas that occurs in small quantities in the earth's atmosphere naturally. The earth's ocean, soil, plants and animals release CO2. The formula of Carbon Dioxide is CO2. The CO2 molecule contains 2 oxygen atoms that each share 2 electrons with a carbon atom to form 2 carbon - oxygen double bonds. The atoms are arranged as so (OHT). This is called a 'linear molecule'.
This investigation will focus on finding the differences in the number, position and sizes of stomata and the effects on the rate of transpiration. More specifically it will compare the stomata of Geranium and Ixora and their ability to transpire. How do the stomata of Geranium and Ixora differ and what effect does this have of their rate of transpiration?
When there is water deficiency in plants, the concentration of abscisic acid in plants’ cells increases triggering the closure of stomata. Karp (2009) stated that “abscisic acid binds to a GPCR in plasma membrane of guard cells” (p.638). The receptors then activate several pathways in response to this condition. This attachment causes the opening of Ca2+ channels which transfer Ca2+ from vacuole into cytosol. At ...
About 20 years ago scientists first believed that acid rain was due to entirely air pollution. They were partially right. Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in England, pollution had been affecting all the trees, soil and rivers in Europe and North America. The use of fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, are largely to be blamed for almost half of the emissions of sulfur dioxide in the world. However, there is another cause. The other cause is naturally occurring sulfur dioxide. Natural sources which release this gas are volcanoes, sea spray, rotting vegetation and plankton.