The widely popular religion of Islam originated in circa. 600 CE in the Arabian Peninsula with clan identity being the staple aspect of society. The rise and spread of Islam originating in 610 CE introduced many changes in the religious, cultural, political and social aspect of everyday life such as the introduction of a new monotheistic religion with equality as its backbone, the five pillars of Islam to provide unity, establishing the concept of a caliphate, and the forming of harems, respectively. The Bedouins of the Arabian Peninsula dominated the pre-Islamic world with kin-related clan groups and a political structure of a tribal leader, Shaykhs. Cities eventually developed in Southern and Western Arabia due to the transcontinental trade …show more content…
In the Umayyad empire spreading the religion was not the main motive for expansion yet other religions were not as tolerated. The people of the book or dhimmis were taxed and treated with inequality. The Umayyads wanted to avoid mass conversion in order to gain profit from conquered regions. In the Abbasids, the religious front drove the expansion of the empire. Their main purpose was to spread the Islam religion and gain more converts. The spread of the empire to Southeast and North Asia, did not have a large impact on the daily lives of the people. The Hindus did not adapt the ways of the Islam religion because of their intensive caste system, which repelled Islam to the higher caste due to their ideas of equality. The lower caste was appealed to it and the people that adapted to the Buddhism religion adapted to Islam as well. In Africa, many of the key states such as the Mali kingdom had a widespread Islam influence, causing a fusion of the religions of the two different places. There were also many wars that were driven due to the religious front such as the Crusades, to capture the Holy land. In this case, Western Europe and Arabs exchanged ideas but it did not glorify them. The spread of Islam spread many ideas that not only added to cultural diffusion but also to the creation of new religions, such is Din-i-Ilahi, which did not gain …show more content…
Extending from pre-Islamic era to the Umayyads the role of women was greater than the neighboring civilization in the Byzantine and the Sasanian empires. In the pre-Islamic era, the descendants were traces through the mother’s side, matrilineal. Both men and women could multiple partners. Women could give advice in clan and tribal council. The wealth and status was determined by the clan and the tribe they originated from. In the Umayyad, the role of women changed due to the Qur’an where they could inherit property, engage in political activities such as give advice and be a part of the council. The upper-class women were more confined compared to the peasants and the slaves. There were four main social classes and the conquered were treated according to where they stood on the hierarchy, on the top was Muslim Arabs then, Muslim non-Arabs, non-Muslim free (Christians, Jew, and Zoroastrians) and in the end, were slaves. By the second caliph the Persian influence caused the roles of the women to change where patrilineage came into play a male dominance increased. In the Abbasids, the role and place of women declined significantly. The lost the right to participate in the government and they had to wear a veil due to Persian influence. The higher status women were secluded in harems and ha their roles as concubines in the court and their main
The town of Mecca was the birthplace of Islam, at first the leaders of the city refused the changing of this new religion and forced Muhammad to leave. Muhammad returned and preached to the people about what he had heard, that there is only one god. Islam spread quickly for two main reasons they are the message and military conquest. Some people believe that trade routes were most important reason in Islam expansion. People travel through Mecca and trade there while on their way to other cities such as Aden, Medina, and Petra.(Document A)
Whereas Christianity, Buddhism, and Zoroastrianism converted already existing empires to their own views, Islam created its empire from
For example, the spread of Islam to the Byzantines and the Persians. The other caliphs (Umar, Uthman and Ali) expanded the Islamic empire rapidly and grew faster than any other religion. The Muslims conquered a massive amount of land from the Indus River, across North Africa and into Spain. There were many factors that helped Islam succeed; for example, people would rather fight for God and their salvation instead of fighting for a king, the use of military force by the Muslims and how easy it was to convert to Islam.
The modern world is linked through networks of communication and exchange between peoples. These exchanges between regions has changed cultures, economics, and politics. Through time the cultural influence between regions has consisted of many factors and elements but comes down to the spread of religion and religious teachings , movement of peoples, technological and cultural advancements affecting trade and commerce. Beginning with the Middle Ages in the years 1100-1500 , Africa, Asia, and Europe developed and influenced each other in several different ways. Starting with religion. The birth of Islam in the Middle East rapidly spread throughout Afro- Eurasia. Islam was attractive to people who were uninterested in the requirements of Christianity and the Church.
Women in Ottoman society had extremely restricted roles has shown in documents 2, 3, 4, and 1. Document 2 is a chapter of the Qur’an with regards to women’s rights, behavior, and treatment. The Qur’an states that certain action is to be taken in the discipline of disobedient women. The Qur’an claims that disobedient women are to be admonished by men first, then the men should refuse to share their beds with the disobedient woman, then, if they continue, the men should beat them lightly. The
Men and women were seen to live in separate social class from the men where women were considered not only physically weaker, but morally superior to men. This meant that women were the best suited for the domestic role of keeping the house. Women were not allowed in the public circle and forbidden to be involved with politics and economic affairs as the men made all the
A woman was not seen as being equal to a man. This is clear in the laws dealing with marriage. Women were contractually obligated to remain with their husbands only, while their husbands were permitted to have a mistress or second wife. If a woman was caught with another man, she would be drowned (“The Code of Hammurabi”). Another thing that shows that women were not equal to men is the fact that they could be sold into slavery by their husbands at any time. Women did, however, have some rights such as the right to own property and the right to inherit and pass down that property. They also played very important roles in society. Some of these roles included shop owners, bakers, or scribes (Judge and Langdon,
Islam continued to spread by making the idea of being a Muslim sound great. The Muslim Empire didn’t force any Muslims to pay taxes(Doc 1). The idea of changing religions made a lot of sense money wise. The change to Islam was not a large difference, pray more, and eat a little less during sun up. The idea of going to paradise after your death seemed Marvelous (Doc 2). It also gave you an idea about fighting for the Muslim Army, if you died, you would be taken to Heaven with Allah and his Apostle. To some
The first religion and its views on women that will be discussed in this essay is Islam. Islam is a religions founded in Saudi Arabia almost two thousand years ago, by the prophet Muhammad. In fact, Muhammad dedicated much attention towards women in the Koran, the holy book of Islam. However, even though much was dedicated to women in the Koran, it was not dedicated to them in the sense of equality. Women in Islamic culture were apparently much lower on the totem pole than men, "The men are made responsible for the women, since God endowed them with certain qualities, and made them the bread earners...If you experience opposition from the women, you shall first talk to them, then [you may use such negative incentives as] deserting them in bed, then you may beat them (129)." Excerpt...
The Iranian Islamic Revolution of 1979 created a lasting affect on the societal role of women through modern day Iran. Women in Iran before the revolution were not entirely treated equal to men, but despite some cultural perceptions of women being inferior to men, they had made progress to become socially equal under the Shah. Several misconceptions and theories have been published and studied to show the inequality of women versus men because of Islam. However, contrasting theories have also been made to show that inequality has little to do with the religion, but instead with the forceful nature upon which it was implemented in the revolution. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the Islamic and political history of Iran and its social implications over Iranian women.
Imagine this, you have been meditating for years and all of a sudden, on a random day in 610, the angel Gabriel tells you that you are the last prophet of god. This seems crazy, but for Muhammad, he decided to listen to Gabriel and take the matters of Allah into his own hands. Muhammad created the religion of Islam and in under two hundred years, it was spread across a large amount of Europe, Africa, and Asia. Islam was able to spread so quickly because of the preaching of Muhammad and the caliphs, the Muslims’ military campaigns, and the immense military surge at Mecca. Because of the preaching of both Muhammad and the Caliphs, Islam was able to spread quickly across the countries around the Mediterranean Sea.
Women continued to maintain their secondary roles. That being said, the roles of women within society were necessary, but quite basic. The most one can do concerned areas such as factory work or undertaking domestic labor. Besides those two, women were excluded from any other profession that usually is done by a man. In this patriarchal society, men were clearly seen as the dominant force.
The women were expected to know their role and majority of the women in society had no role within the country. Women were not entitled to a political vote and were not able to choose whether or not to marry or have children. Women were also not generally able to work. Women did not generally have access to education; women who chose to become nuns were able to receive basic education in addition to their Christian devotion. Women have been tortured to repress their sexuality, silence their tongues, and conform to standards of beauty.
Women were seen weaker than men and they were not playing a decisive role in earning a living for the family. Society gave them roles as caring the house, giving birth and bearing children, morally supporting their husband. Single women were not respected. Only women educated were belonged to rich families. They could not own or inherit property.
With conquering new lands inhabited by foreign populations, the cultural aspects of the Muslim Empire influenced those people greatly. “This began with Arabic, which was the official language of the empire and was required for all government business… conquered peoples soon began learning to speak and write Arabic” (Doak 73). In addition to the language, their dominant religion, Islam was enforced upon them. Although conversion to Islam was by choice and not by force, the Muslims thoughtfully encouraged and persuaded many non-Muslims to convert (“Expansion of the Islamic Civilization”). This means that the people of the conquered lands ultimately had to accept and adapt to the characteristics of the Muslim culture, such as the Arabic language and the religion of Islam.