Still, some narcissistic people gravitate towards religion in order to be praised by followers, exploit for personal gain, or dominate others (Sandage & Moe, 2012; Kernberg, 2014). In essence, what Sandage and Moe (2012) refer to as exterior religiosity (e.g. structure, benefit, and gain) are what often attracts narcissists to organized religion. For instance, several religious organizations are comprised of layers of hierarchy in which narcissists can entrench themselves, several church leaders have abused their posts for personal gain, and some organizations offer rewards for the faithful–such as the early Mormon Church’s offer of bigamy, worlds like the Earth for the deceased, and to eventually become god-like when one dies (Young, 1852). …show more content…
From the beginning of modern psychological thought, Sigmund Freud’s theory of psychosexual development was heavily influenced by sexist idea of his day (Berzoff, 2011). It is not surprising that the majority of psychological research in the U.S. is conducted on those who have enough wealth and time to partake in said studies (i.e. middle class Caucasians). Likewise, several clinicians in the past few decades have conducted studies on the effects of one’s demographics on possible diagnoses (Adler, Drake, & Teague, 1990; Cale & Lilienfeld, 2002; Samuel & Widiger, 2009; Widiger & Spitzer, 1991). Of those who have sought out inconsistencies in psychological diagnoses, Adler, Drake, and Teague (1990) researched the implications of the diagnosis of Histrionic Personality Disorder (HPD), NPD, and a patient’s …show more content…
psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and mental health nurses). The profile only differed in one regard, the sex of the patient may have been either male or female. The researchers asked the 46 professionals to assess the patient as having no personality disorder traits, specific personality disorder traits, or a specific (DSM-III) personality disorder(s) (Adler, Drake, & Teague, 1990). Although the clinical profile fit the criteria for several personality disorders from the then DSM-III, BPD and NPD were the most prevalent diagnoses of the pseudo-patient (roughly half), while one-quarter of the professionals diagnosed the pseudo-patient with HPD (Adler, Drake, & Teague, 1990). More importantly, the majority of the NPD diagnoses were assigned to the male pseudo-patient while the majority of HPD diagnoses were assigned to the female pseudo-patient (Adler, Drake, & Teague, 1990). Although it can be argued that the criteria for personality disorders have changed three times since 1990, a more recent study has shown the existence of sexism in the diagnoses of personality disorders such as BPD and APD (Samuel & Widiger,
Torgersen, S. (2009). The nature (and nurture) of personality disorders. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 50(6), 624-632. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2009.00788.x
particular group of people whose symptoms are indicative of personality disorders, and are between neuroses and psychoses (Manning, 2011, p. 12). Personality disorders are extremely pervasive because they effect a person’s “mood, actions, and relationships” (Manning,
In order to evaluate the proposed changes the DSM-5, researchers conducted semisturctured diagnostic interviews on 2,150 psychiatric outpatients. The prevalence of personality disorders was approximately 614 individuals, 28.6% when all 10 of the DSM-IV personality disorders were included. When removing the proposed personality disorders 555 individuals, 25.8% were diagnosed with atleast one of the remaining personality disorders. Removal of the pro...
In the past, BPD was believed to be a set of symptoms between problems associated with mood and schizophrenia. These symptoms were believed to be comprised of distortions of reality and mood problems. A closer look at this disorder has resulted in the realization that even though the symptoms of this disorder reveal emotional complexity, this disorder is more closer to other personality disorders, on the basis of the manner in which it develops and occurs in families, than to schizophrenia (Hoffman, Fruzzetti, Buteau &ump; Neiditch, 2005). The use of the term borderline has however, resulted in a heated controversy between the health care fraternity and patients. Patients argue that this term appears to be somehow discriminatory and that it should be removed and the disorder renamed. Patients point out that an alternative name, such as emotionally unstable personality disorder, should be adopted instead of borderline personality disorder. Clinicians, on the other hand, argue that there is nothing wrong with the use of the term borderline. Opponents of this term argue that the terms used to describe persons suffering from this disorder, such as demanding, treatment resistant, and difficult among others, are discriminatory. These terms may create a negative feeling of health professionals towards patients, an aspect that may lead to adoption of negative responses that may trigger self-destructive behavior (Giesen-Bloo et al, 2006). The fact however, is that the term borderline has been misunderstood and misused so much that any attempt to redefine it is pointless leaving scrapping the term as the only option.
- Female patients tend to receive unwarranted diagnoses of BPD more often when the clinician is a women, which suggests less acceptance of borderline-like traits and behaviors in women by women.
Not only does the MCMI-III evaluate Mental Health problems, more importantly, its strength is in determining underlying personality patterns that are essential to understanding and effectively treating clients. These personality patterns are also vital in identifying Thinking Errors that can be treated with a Cognitive Behavioral approach. However showing gender differences in mean test scores via the personality disorder scales are still hard to figure out compared to its predecessors. (Version 1&2) This is mainly due to the unrevised manuals that accompany i...
Personality disorders and mental illnesses are viewed by the general public as similar attributes that are equally harmful. However, when one delves into the diagnostics and patterns of the individual disorders and illnesses, it can be seen that there are major differences between each one. There are many levels of severity of the effects each disorder or illness has on society as a whole. They range from affecting only the individual on a solely personal basis to affecting a large amount of people on a highly violent level. Generally, it is found that mental illnesses have an influence on an individual level while personality disorders have an influence on a widespread level. As in every medical topic, there are outliers, or cases that are far outside the expected outcome, but for the most part, illnesses have less far reaching effects than disorders. On the spectrum of the societal effects of personality disorders and mental illnesses, the obsessive-compulsive disorder, which is actually a mental illness, is on the lowest level in terms of widespread consequences; just above this illness is schizophrenia which has the ability to affect more than the individual unless treated; the narcissistic disorder has farther reaching effects in society, such as in bureaucratic situations, than the two previously mentioned illnesses, placing it higher on the spectrum, and last, but not least, the schizoid personality disorder has proven to have the most wide spread consequences in the form of both emotional trauma and violence allocating it the highest level.
My personality plays a big part in my life, the qualities I possess, how I am perceived by others, and how well I interact with them. I believe I have an outgoing personality, I am easy to approach and get along with and much more. As I reflect on Freud and his theory, I can agree with him in some areas, but I don’t believe that the person personality was shaped almost entirely by childhood events. He was well known for his psychoanalytic theory of personality development, believing that the personality is shaped by conflicts fundamental structures of the mind: the id, ego, and superego (Funder, 2016). He was a psychologist who paved the way for others to come behind him. There are many who did agree with his theories
What happens when Narcissism takes over a generation? Is that generation the only generation who is affected? A narcissistic generation does not happen on it 's own. Majority of Millennial 's characteristics are negative but not entirely negative. However, Generation Me only values themselves. Their overemphasis on self-esteem is well intentioned but often leads to narcissism. Both terms can be avoided with proper treatment.
Watzlawik, M. (2009). When a Man Thinks He Has Female Traits Constructing Femininity and Masculinity: Methodological Potentials and Limitations. Integrative Psychological & Behavioral Science, 43(2), 126-137. doi: 10.1007/s12124-008-9085-4
Abnormal psychology may be somewhat rare to catch a glimpse of in public vicinity. However, in motion pictures, numerous upon numerous forms and subtype examples of abnormal psychological disorders are perceived. As for my film of choice I have selected Girl Interrupted. The 1999 picture with lead actress Winona Ryder who plays the role of Susanna Kaysen, a soon to be patient at an exclusive mental hospital with costar Angelina Jolie, who takes on the role of a maddened, wound up sociopath. Encased within the film, Susanna Kaysen displays the signs and symptoms of a woman with borderline personality disorder. Borderline personality disorder abbreviated to BPD, is an illness regarding mental health that spawns a great deal of emotional unsteadiness and unpredictability and has the capability to trail off into other stressing mental and behavioral difficulties.
BPD is a complex disorder in a sense that the symptoms such as depression, anxiety and substance abuse may cause a misdiagnosis thus overlooking BPD completely (Biskin & Paris, 2013). This personality disorder has also been known to occur simultaneously with anxiety disorders, eating disorders and bipolar mood disorders (Butcher, Mineka & Hooley, 2014). In addition, the prevalence of BPD decreases in older individuals (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
Looking at an individual and seeing two polar opposite idealistic ways can be troubling. How may one look at oneself in such a terrible way but appear to look at oneself as if they love oneself a bit too much? Being narcissistic is being extremely egocentric and being exceedingly self-absorbed, and self-hate is narcissism’s polar opposite, not liking oneself at all. The appearance of narcissism is purely an expression of self-hate.
Personality Disorders: Paranoid - Projection, Histrionic - Dissociation Borderline - Splitting, Acting out, Projective Identification
From a biological standpoint, men and women are defined purely based on the presence of a Y chromosome and certain bodily structures. Throughout history though, cultural and societal beliefs have cultivated an additional ever-changing definition on what it means to be male or female, which very much stretches beyond the biological perspective. This separate definition has led to the formation of gender roles that are essentially societal expectations for how a man or woman should behave. While there is little evidence supporting the notion that being born a particular sex puts one at greater risk of ill mental health, several studies have been conducted, concluding that gender roles have a much greater hand in one developing mental illness,