It was for the longest time previously believed that as a result of lack of technology, each ancient civilisation was able to survive through the act of self-sustaining, and would therefore use what they had within their own lands to grow food, build shelters and make whatever weaponry/ other tools they needed. If this had been what actually occurred then it is likely that we would have seen little to no interaction between the civilisations which had existed. However, through constant work and research evidence has appeared to provide us with information that the prior thinking wasn’t right. We generally see answers uncovered through the emergence of shipwrecks within the Mediterranean, which was also expressed by A.J. Parker, who accounted …show more content…
Shipwrecks are significant because they offer something different to what we are given with land sites, shipwreck often occur as a result of incidents with the likes of other ships or its environment, and therefore generally not intentional or have any biases influence what information is recorded, this factor although don’t affect the finding as it still allows us to closely relate the find to the origins of it. Due to the many interpretations which can made, trade has been defined as the movement of goods between the various communities, generally done so for profitable purpose, with exchange being considered as one of the mechanisms which was used to affect such a …show more content…
This is a shipwreck believed to be dated back to the 1st Century BC and provides an example of such trades which took place. Inside of this shipwreck was an estimated cargo of 5,800 – 7,800 Dressel 1B amphora, alongside many fine tableware pottery items and red coarse ware dishes (Greene, 1990). When the artefacts of this excavation were further analysed, it was found that the pots were imprinted with the name of Veveius Papus, a winemaker from the area of Terracina in southern Italy. The fact that these sort of miniscule details were still intact has been able to prove the significance of shipwreck, because had this sort of find been on land then the presence of intact plaster amphora seals, would have been broken and lost (Patterson 1982 :
“The Wreck of the Sea-Venture,” written by Peter Linebaugh and Marcus Rediker in their book Many Headed Hydra, tells the story of the shipwreck of the Sea-Venture en route to Virginia in 1669, which left the passengers of the ship stranded on Bermuda without a ship to continue the journey to Virginia. While the members of the Virginia Company made a boat to continue the journey, the remaining passengers of the Sea-Venture had to cooperate with one another in order to survive. The authors’ thesis in this document is the shipwreck of the Sea-Venture and the actions taken by the sailors portray the themes of early Atlantic settlement. For example, the sailing of the Sea-Venture was caused by expropriation. The Virginia Company advertised the New
The ginormous volcano at Akrotiri on the island of Thera during the Bronze Age was devastating, and is speculated to be related to the fall of the Minoan civilization. Starting in 1867, archeologists discovered pottery, a buried city and frescoes. These discoveries are the most significant as the pottery and the buried city helped historians learn about the art, trade and societal aspects of Akrotiri, and the frescoes found revealed more information about Akrotiri’s art and religion. Clay artifacts found at the Akrotiri excavation site give evidence that Akrotiri traded with nearby locations like Crete and mainland Greece, and also with places like Egypt and Cyprus. Clay seals, that would have been used to seal papyrus documents, that were found on Akrotiri have also been found on Crete.
On August 29th, 2005, Hurricane Katrina, the most expensive hurricane in American history, made landfall in Louisiana with winds of one hundred and twenty-seven miles per hour (“Hurricane Katrina Statistics Fast Facts”). The sheer magnitude of the amount of lives and property lost was enormous, and it was triggered simply by warm ocean waters near the Bahamas ("How Hurricane Katrina Formed"). Nature was indifferent to whether the raging winds and rain would die off in the ocean or wipe out cities; it only follows the rules of physics. A multitude of American authors has attempted to give accounts and interpretations of their encounters with the disinterested machine that is nature. Two authors, Stephen Crane and Henry David Thoreau, had rather contrasting and conflicting interpretations of their own interactions with nature. Crane’s work, “The Open Boat,” is story based on his experience as a survivor
Daniel Brown’s The Boys in the Boat is a book that shows2 the strength of the University of Washington’s crew team. The book teaches many valuable lessons from life in the 1930’s. This piece of literature is based on the interviews, which went on for seven years. Joe Rantz, the star of the crew team, was abandoned by his father and step mom, for the second time at age 17. He eventually found comfort in the Olympic bound crew team. Joe Rantz went through many hardships when he was by himself, as well as the intense team workouts, the following quotes exemplify how Joe channeled his energy to be a great crew teammate, that could trust and be trusted by his teammates.
John Douglas questions the reliability of applying the three common models used to analyze exchange in the archaeological record; World Systems Theory, peer polity interaction, and prestige goods economy. He then explores their expectations and assumptions with data analysis of pre-Paquime mortuary goods from northwest Chihuahua, Mexico. His comparisons demonstrate inadequacies in all three models, and the author points out that there are many potential explanations for long distance exchanges other than those offered by the three common models in use by archaeologists today. I agree with his recommendation that we have "a more open-ended approach in which exchange is viewed as a search for power contested both within and between societies."
The historical fictional novel, Salt to the Sea, by Ruta Sepetys, takes four main characters, Florian, Joana, Alfred, and Emilia, on one shocking adventure to get onto the ship, the Wilhelm Gustloff, to escape the war that’s hunting them throughout Germany. They encounter death, happiness, and tragedy, which brings them closer. Their lives intervene as they learn to forget their past and get a fresh start. One theme that is learned by the characters is that honesty bonds people together and builds trust, while lies ruin that trust.
The Titanic: Why Would it Sink The Titanic claimed to be the ship of its time; one that would never sink. However, what the Titanic claimed to be was not the case because on April 15, 1912 the Titanic hit an iceberg, broke in half, and sunk to the bottom of the ocean. There has been debate ever since that fateful day as to how this happened to the Titanic. Some conspiracy theorists believe the ship never even sank -- regardless of whether the ship remains at the bottom of the ocean. Other conspiracy theorists believe the Titanic was actually switched to the RMS Olympic because of an insurance scam.
Before the most famous historic voyage to the Americas Christopher Columbus had no support to go on his expedition. Christopher Columbus tried to get support from the King of Portugal John II, but he was turned down. Spain finally agreed to sponsor his voyage in 1492 across the Atlantic Ocean. By agreeing to sponsor Christopher Columbus voyage they believed they would have gained leverage in what they were trying to do in Spain. The Reconquista made the Spaniards very powerful. By Christopher Columbus finding new land with people and gold it convinced King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella to continue to support his voyages. Even though the king and queen believed that allowing him to go on the voyages benefited them it actually allowed Christopher
A prime example of the possible contributions of underwater archaeology is the Ulu Burun shipwreck. The Ulu Burun shipwreck is the remains of a Late Bronze Age (~1600 – 1050 BCE) trading vessel dated to about 1300 BCE. The shipwreck was discovered in 1982 off the coast of Ulu Burun, near the modern city of Kas, Turkey. This fifty-foot long vessel was resting at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea at a depth of approximately 150 feet. Eleven sets of excavations were conducted from 1984 to 1994 in order to deliver the artifacts to the surface for analysis. From this wreck site, archaeologists now have a more detailed and precise understanding about the trade and distribution of commodities in the Late Bronze Age.
No Bricks and No Temples: Coping with Crisis in “The Open Boat” Stephen Crane’s story “The Open Boat” concerns four people who are trying to reach land after surviving a shipwreck off the Florida coast. During the course of the story, they face dangers that are real physical threats, but they also have to deal with trying to make sense of their situation. The characters in this story cope with their struggles in two ways: individually, they each imagine that Nature, or Fate, or God, is behind their experiences, which allows them to blame some outside force for their struggle, and together, they form a bond of friendship that helps them keep their spirits up. . In “Becoming Interpreters: The Importance of Tone in ‘The Open Boat,’” Gregory Schirmer states that “‘The Open Boat has at its center two quite different views of man: as a helpless and insignificant being adrift in a universe that is wholly indifferent to him and his ambitions, and on the other hand, as part of a brotherhood that binds man to man in the face of that indifferent universe” (222).
Grouchier, C & Walton, L. 2013. The maritime world: The Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Ocean World. Vol 2. London & New York.
I shall gather various types of archaeological publications dealing with deviant burial. It is important to include differing types of publications to see if it affects the way in which deviancy is dealt with. I will then determine if any common patterns are apparent within the study of deviant burial. If common patterns are found, each one will be explored individually. Searching for specific statements within the texts, I will attempt to determine how the patterns relate to the interpretation of deviant burial. As I have not previously dealt with deviant burials, I will also briefly convey my interpretations – as a simulated intended audience reader – of the way in which deviancy is conveyed through the material. This will give a distinctive perspective as to how the true intended audience of the publications may view the evidence as presented by the archaeologists. A discourse analysis is never complete as there are too many aspects to ever fully dissect a subject (Dijk 2001; Phillips and Hardy 2002). However, it is my intent to try to examine deviant burial as thoroughly as this thesis permits, as well as to bring a unique point of view to the
The Titanic set voyage on April 1912 to New York. The Titanic and its sister ships, Olympia and Britannic were said to be virtually unsinkable by a magazine article, not the White Star Line. The Titanic was the second ship to set sail on its maiden voyage out of the three sister ships. The Titanic had been built a lot differently than most of the ships back then. For example, a normal ship was built with three funnels but the Titanic had four. The fourth funnel did not serve the same purpose like the other three; its use was for steam to be released from the kitchen. Another example was that the Titanic was the biggest ship at the time. The ship had received ice warnings at least six different times from ships but Captain Smith had ignored
He writes, “All parties with an interest of one sort or another in the antiquities trade agree that it causes a certain amount of damage to the world’s archaeological heritage” (1). Brodie is right to say that the antiquities market does do some damage to the archaeological world because of looting. However, one cannot ignore the fact that the antiquities market has helped to spread ancient cultures across the world, which has done a great deal to help archaeological heritage. Whatever the motives, be it monetary gain or a true passion for ancient artifacts, the collectors and dealers of antiquities have done a great deal in conserving and drawing attention to
Sailing has been around for millennia, and is considered to be one of the earliest and most environmentally friendly methods of water transport. Sailboats act as a method of transportation, exercise, and entertainment. These now more structurally developed and masterfully modeled ships have been engineered for efficiency, and these advancements have ensured durability and speed among modern sailboats. The great strength and ability of sailboats has given competitive owners the opportunity to participate in races, but generally sailboats have come to exist as more of a relaxed hobby. The expensive activity of sailing is demanding both physically and mentally, as it tests anticipative abilities and endurance. To understand the physics concepts at work in a sailboat is immensely advantageous, as it can generally improve one’s performance.