Satire In The Age Of Reason

The Age of Reason, or rather the Enlightenment, was a cultural period of literature that emphasized rationalism as the ultimate authority in behavior, opinion, and composition. As the middle class gained a stronger influence on society, the issues of poverty and social class became more increasingly addressed in literature. Often times, poets would provide commentary about the loss of individual and public morals in changing society. Enlightenment poets often used satire and satirical elements in their writing to expose or address social and political issues prevalent during their time. One such Enlightenment poet included Alexander Pope, most famous for his blunt, and strongly worded satire. His background is composed of a fairly Catholic

For instance, Pope uses a very distinctive mock epic form in his poem, The Rape of the Lock, to demonstrate that the superficiality of the aristocracy and their preference on frivolous matters, rather than more important issues such as an increasing wealth gap, poverty, and overpopulation. Some of the epic characteristics that he used as satire includes a reference to a muse —or rather in this case, his friend, Caryll — use of elevated language, and an allusion to supernatural or godlike forces. Through the use of ridiculously dramatic language and characterization, such “glitt'ring Forfex”, and faux religious descriptions of situations, Pope creates a comedic effect that relies on hyperbole and exaggeration to compare the aristocracy to a “joke.” Furthermore, as epics would usually list a series of armies and historical context, Pope used an almost religiously fanatic description of Belinda, the protagonist, putting on her “armor” or rather makeup to create the same effect of “impressiveness.” Overall, it’s quite needlessly dramatic. The comedic elements help further enforce the uselessness of the aristocracy, who are entertained by trivial gossip, and not by issues of true importance. This way of satire was most likely meant to grasp the attention of the aristocracy and the public in a humorous way to acknowledge their flaws and to shift their attention to reason and rationality. Wit and humor were also frequently utilized by Pope to critic other people to induce social or political change. Satire is a seemingly nonconformist way to address issues in society, yet incite beneficial change that is tends to be universal and communal. When reading a work of satire, it is important to consider the subject, occasion, purpose, and speaker to avoid misunderstandings, misuse, and