PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR
Defining psychopathological behaviour comprise of dysfunction of psychological mechanisms and negative impacts against social and physical health, in consonance with Dr. Jerome Wakefield’s notion of “Harmful Dysfunction”.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) uses the notion, as their basis of identifying antisocial personality disorder and its definition. The General Criteria for personality disorders, underlines the diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder (or social disorder) – the argumentative, oppositional and noncompliant behaviours (Reference http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Paul_Frick/publication/26890880_Antisocial_behavior_from_a_developmental_psychopathology_perspective/links/00b49528f7ab23520f000000.pdf).
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Furthermore, the DSM categorises personality disorders into three subtypes or clusters:
Subtype Classification and Examples
Cluster A Odd/Eccentric: E.g. Paranoid personality disorder, Schizoid personality disorder and Schizotypal personality disorder.
Cluster B Dramatic/Erratic: E.g. Borderline personality disorder, Antisocial personality disorder, Histrionic personality disorder and Narcissistic personality disorder.
Cluster C Anxious/Inhibited: E.g. Dependent personality disorder, Avoidant personality disorder and Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. (Reference) FIGURE ONE http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/mental_health_disorders/personality_disorders_85,p00760/ ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER
Antisocial personality disorder falls under the category of the personality disorder criteria, as it essentially involves the impairment in self and interpersonal functioning and pathological personality traits deterioration.
PERSONALITY
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As the diagnosis of antisocial includes the impairment of interpersonal functioning, individuals affected manifest:
• Lack of empathy – No concern for various emotions of others and remorse after maltreatment
• Intimacy – Inability for sustaining mutually intimate relationships. Examples of primary strategies to initiate relationships is presenting relations to others in order to deceit, instigate coercion, dominance or intimidation. Consequently, providing them the advantage to manipulate.
PATHOLOGICAL PERSONALITY TRAITS
Pathological personality or personality psychology, relates to frequent patterns of emotion, cognition and behaviour, in which are stimulated through specific situation which results to affect social adaptation. In terms of clinical psychology and psychiatry, the characterization of personality pathology by means of adaptive inflexibility, maladaptive behaviour in vicious cycles and instability of emotions through stress (reference?). In antisocial personality disorder, traits are characterised in the following
The first part of the disorder that needs to be explored is the symptoms. “The essential feature of Antisocial Personality Disorder is a pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood (American Psychiatric Association, 2000).” Some examples of this are that people with this disorder frequently commit acts that could be grounds for arrest (but they do not always get arrested), mutilation of small animals in childhood, or the beating of ones spouse or child. A person with this disorder usually seems to have an artificial charm and can be very manipulative, which may have led to many of the murders in the headlines above. Another key feature of this disorder is that individuals suffering from this disorder tend to be irresponsible, especially in the workplace and finances. The individuals tend to fail at keeping a job for very long and cannot keep track of their spending. Another key feature of the disorder is that the individual usually doesn’t care about the safety of themselves or others. This behavior ...
Moran, P. "The epidemiology of antisocial personality disorder ." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 34.5 (1999): 231-242. Print.
Personality disorders are separated into several clusters as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Cluster A includes disorders of the personality that are odd or egocentric. These include paranoid personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, and schizotypal personality disorder (National Institute for Mental Health, 2009). Cluster B includes the dramatic, emotional, or erratic personality disorders. This cluster includes antisocial personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, histrionic personality disorder, and narcissistic personality disorder (NIMH, 2009). The final cluster, Cluster C, includes avoidant personality disorder, dependent personality disorder, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (NIMH, 2009). These personality disorders are categorized as anxious and fearful disorders.
First, Anti Social Personality Disorder is a mental condition that can cause a person to think and behave in a destructive manner. “Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is characterized by a pattern of socially irresponsible, exploitative, and guiltless behavior. ASPD is associated with co-occurring mental health and addictive disorders and medical comorbidity.” (Black, 2015) People with ASPD have a habit of antagonizing and manipulating others but also have no awareness for what is right and what is wrong. One tends to disregard the feelings and wishes of others. “ASPD typically begins during childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood.” (Kivi, 2012) ASPD usually is noticed around 8 years old, but it is categorized as a conduct disorder. Though children can be treated in what doctors may think is ASPD, children will not be completely diagnosed with the title of ASPD until at least 18 years of age. In time those with ASPD behavior usually end up turning criminal.
Psychopathy has fascinated the public for years due to the gruesome and evil portrayal it has received in the media. Psychopathy is defined in the DSM-III as a personality disorder characterized by enduring antisocial behavior, diminished empathy and remorse, and disinhibited or bold behavior (Patrick, Christopher, Fowles, Krueger, Rober, 2009). Psychopathy represents a cluster of different dimensions of personality found amongst the general population to varying degrees (Patrick et al, 2009). The diagnostic definition is meant to be applied to adults, however psychopathology can occur in children. Controversy surrounds the topic of childhood mental illness because the brain is not fully developed until the age of 18; thus allowing the possibility that symptoms are the result of growing up and will change. The triarchic model, formulated by Christopher J. Patrick, is the most commonly used model in diagnosing adult and childhood psychopathy. This model suggests that different conceptions of psychopathy emphasize three observable characteristics to varying degrees; boldness, disinhibition and meanness (Patrick, et al, 2009). Boldness is the first observable characteristic and is comprised of low fear including stress-tolerance, toleration of unfamiliarity and danger, and high self-confidence and social assertiveness. Disinhibition; characterized by poor impulse control including problems with planning and foresight, lacking affect and urge control, demand for immediate gratification, and poor behavioral restraints. Meanness is defined as lacking empathy and close attachments with others, disdain of close attachments, use of cruelty to gain empowerment, exploitative tendencies, defiance of authority, and destructive excitement seek...
The first being antisocial personality, people with this disorder are not able to recognize right or wrong. Individuals with this disorder do not care for anyone and will do anything to reach their desired outcome. They feel no
Chan, Amanda L. “Psychopaths’ Lack of Empathy Has Neurological Basis, Study Shows.” The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 24 Sept. 2013. Web. 13 May 2014.
...res of the psychopaths and gives the reader various examples of these individuals playing out these characteristics in everyday life. A widely used checklist is provided so the reader can get a wide spanning view of what is accounted for when scoring a psychopath. This form of research is very important within the deceitfulness of this population; it allows the professional to ignore their words and examine their actions. Hare made it clear that it is not uncommon for there to be an emotional and verbal disconnect from their actions. With virtually no emotional functioning psychopaths feel no remorse for the offenses that they commit and it is very important that we work towards using the opportunities we have to study and assist these populations; not only for them but for ourselves.
The term personality depicts a profoundly ingrained example of behavior and the way in which individuals understand, relate to, and ponder about themselves and their world. Personality traits are distinguished characteristics of personality and are not necessarily pathological, although undoubted styles of personality may induce interpersonal problems. Histrionic Personality Disorder, defined by the American Psychiatric Association, is a pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking. Histrionic personality disorder is a “Cluster B” disorder, also known as a “dramatic” disorder. Someone with “dramatic” disorders, or “Cluster B” disorders, has a distorted self-image, unstable emotions, and they depend on approval from others.
The disorders listed in the DSM -5 Cluster B Personality Disorders are similar and often accompany each other therefore making a differential diagnosis is difficult. However,since a diagnosis of Antisocial Personality was made for Peter,and is comorbid with Borderline Personality, it was differentiated. According to the DSM – 5, Borderline Personality is characterized by a persistently instability in social relationships, self – image and emotions.
Crazy, psycho, psychopath, sociopath, these are all common phrases that people use to describe the mental disorder that is clinically known as Antisocial Personality Disorder. Antisocial Personality Disorder is characterized by a lack of empathy for others and a disregard for social norms. Contrary to popular belief, being antisocial does not mean that someone enjoys being alone and avoids social situations, the proper term for that is antisocial. Antisocial simply means that someone violates established social rules. This particular mental disorder is especially prevalent in modern fiction; movies, TV shows, and books often feature thrillers where a few daring detectives must hunt down a cold and calculating killer who shows no empathy for others and brutally torments his victims.
Every person that has different characteristics that influence how they think, act, and build relationships. While some people are introverted, others are extroverted. Some people are strict and do not take risks, while others are carefree and free spirited. However, there are times where a person’s behavior becomes destructive, problematic, and maladaptive (Widger, 2003). The key to examining a person for a possible personality disorder is not if they have quirks, but if they display severe behavioral, emotional, and social issues. A diagnosis of having a personality disorders involves identifying if their extreme behaviors, emotions, and thoughts that are different than cultural expectations interfere with the ...
Antisocial Personality Disorder, also informally known as psychopathy/sociopathy, is a disorder where people elicit manipulative behaviors and lack morals. This includes disregard for rules, violence, superficial charm, promiscuity, a superiority complex, and difficulty forming attachments. This is said to be caused by genetics as well as modeling, or watching other people perform this kind of behavior. 3.3% of Americans are diagnosed with Antisocial Personality disorder. It’s 70% more common in males than females and is seen greatly in
The media most often showcases psychopaths as individuals who are inherently evil and dangerous towards themselves and others. Yet, this concept of psychopathy goes far beyond this idea of pure evil and instead necessitates a needed psychological understanding. These individuals, psychopaths, are generally characterized by a lack of empathy and conscience. Indeed, psychopath’s indifference to the repercussions of their actions combined with other characteristics such as hostility and aggression make for a potentially dangerous personality (Lyken, 1996, p.30). In order to identify a psychopath’s recidivism, it is important to differentiate them from sociopaths who, instead of having a psychological impairment that makes it difficult for them to socialize, have been systematically under socialized (Lyken, 1996, p.30). In accordance. psychologists have developed the methods such as the Psychopathy Checklist- Revised (PCL-R) to help identify those with psychopathic tendencies (Walters, 2012, p.409). That is why predictions of recidivism among psychopaths is most efficient when done
In this paper I will be discussing the causes, symptoms, treatments and cures of the psychological disorder called Antisocial personality disorder. Antisocial personality disorder is also known as sociopathy. Sociopathy is a mental condition where someone continuously shows that they are not able to tell the difference between right and wrong. They also chose to ignore the feelings and rights of others they come in contact with. People with antisocial personality disorder tend to be the antagonizer, manipulate and treat others unkindly and seem to have no feelings of remorse because this disorder defeats the personals morals. They are incapable of containing guilt or remorse for their behaviors. Individuals who have antisocial