Profitability
Profitability ratio is to measure the efficiency of a business and profits generate by the business.
High selling price and reduction in operating costs could show an improvement in profitability.
There are 2 types of Profitability Ratios which will be discussed below namely ; Gross Profit Margin and Return on Capital Employed.
Gross Profit Margin
Gross profit margin is a company's total revenue deduct its cost of goods sold divided by total sales revenue and stated as a percentage.
A company's cost of goods sold means the expense related to raw materials, labor and manufacturing fixed assets which use to generate profit.
The gross profit margin number appears as the portion of each ringgit of sales revenue that the
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For example, cash or current assets can be easily and quickly converted into cash and made available to meet every RM1.00 current liabilities.
Based on the year of 2015, its quick ratio of 0.632 indicate in short term with quick assets available to meet every RM1.00 of current liabilities, a short of RM0.378.
Acid test ratio was below the rule of thumb 1.0 time in 2015 which indicates that it does not adequate quick assets to meet its current liability obligations. This could probably due to company in holding higher level of inventories. On the other hand, the company may apply for overdraft facilities to minimise the problem of low acid test ratio.
There is an improvement of acid test ratio from 0.632 time in 2015 to 1.11 times in 2016 and show higher than the rule of thumb of 1.0 time. This is suggested that the company had held a huge amount of bank balance. The company should seek to invest the surplus liquidity.
Return on Investment and Risk
Earning Per Share
There are 2 types of ratios for Return on Investment and Risk which will be discussed below namely namely; Earning Per Share and Dividend
...e case of Sainbury proportion of acid test ratio has increased marginally by 0.04 in the year 2011-12 to 0.35:1 as compare to 0.31:1, though there is a marginal increase but still acid test ratio of Sainbury is much below the generally accepted 1:1. . Comparatively Sainbury has higher acid test ratio than Morrisons.
Analysing the ratio of one with the other in the industry provides for better understanding about the performance of the company in market. An investor has to make a comparative analysis before making any investment decision.
From the table 3 it is indicated that the current ratio of British Petroleum is higher than one both in the recent financial statements i.e. of 2014 and in the financial statement of previous year i.e. of 2013. In 2013 the current ratio of British Petroleum is 1.33 which indicates that the company has sufficient current assets to satisfy it short term liabilities. However, the current ratio in 2014 is 1.37 (BP Global, 2014) indicating increase and depicting that is in position to satisfy its short term debts. Thus this indicates the strength of company in satisfying its debt.
After analyzing the financial statement, I was able to determine several interesting aspects: a .52 debt ratio shows appeal to lenders; a current ratio of 6.31 is very impressive. Seeing that inventory is so unstable and subject to many natural extraordinary events, the more important acid test shows Mondavi has a comfortable, but less impressive ratio of 1.54.
Current Ratio – For the last three years was growing from 3.56 in 2001 to 3.81 in 2002 to 4.22 in 2003. The reason of grow is increased in Assets. Even though Liability was growing, Asset grow was more significant.
This ratio shows the % return on capital invested in the company. A business will aim to have this ratio as high percentage as possible. If the percentage return on capital invested is less than that offered elsewhere, then it may be wise to close the business and invest elsewhere. The ratio analysis shows that Marks and Spencer saw a slight drop on their R.O.C.E from 1999 to 2000, however, they managed to increase the
Overall, Horizontal analysis and financial ratios are essential factors that businesses use to monitor its liquidity. Therefore, in order to improve Apple’s ratios and profitability, the company needs to implement a strategy to increase the company’s liquidity. Business owners or managers should monitor current ratio and acid test ratio as these ratios help us to ensure the company has the proper liquid assets to pay current liabilities, to stay in operations and to expand the company. As we noted in our acid test ratio and current ratio for the company, we show a lower ratio for acid test ratio than the current ratio, which means that the company’s current assets rely on inventory. Therefore, the company needs to convert old inventory into
In regards to the corporation’s balance sheet, it is necessary to place an importance on liquidity ratios to demonstrate the company’s ability to pay its short term obligations such as accounts payable and notes that have a duration of less than one year. These commonly used liquidity ratios include the current ratio, quick ratio, and cash ratio. All three ratios are used to measure the liquidity of a company or business. The current ratio is used to indicate a business’s ability to meet maturing obligations. The quick ratio is used to indicate the company’s ability to pay off debt. Finally the cash ratio is used to measure the amount of capital as well short term counterparts a business has over its current liabilities.
Gross profit ratio is a profitability ratio that shows the relationship between gross profit and total net sales revenue. The ratio is computed by dividing the gross profit figure by net sales. The basic components of the formula of gross profit ratio are gross profit and net sales. Gross profit is equal to net sales minus cost of goods sold. Net sales are equal to total gross sales less returns inwards and discount allowed. The information about gross profit and net sales is normally available from income statement of the company. The ratio can be used to test the business condition by comparing it with past years’ ratio and with the ratio of other companies in the industry. A consistent improvement in gross profit ratio over the past years is the indication of continuous improvement. When the ratio is compared with that of others in the industry, the analyst must see whether they use the same accounting systems and practices.
Ratios analysis also makes possible comparison of the performance of different divisions of the firm. The ratios are helpful in deciding about their efficiency or otherwise in the past and likely performance in the future.
By taking into account only the most liquid assets, ratio 1.0 in 2013 and 2012, which increased by a small margin 0.2 from 2011, indicates that company has strong liquidity position.
The horizontal analysis shows that IQ’s total current assets increased by 25% and its total current liabilities increased by 40% during 2005. This is largely explained by the increase in trade receivables, the increase in inventory, the increase in trades payable, and the increase in term loans (notes 5, 6, 12, and 13 of the 2005 financial statement). The higher increase in total current liabilities than in total current assets explains why the current and acid-test ratios decreased from 4.66 to 4.17 and from 4.02 to 3.5, respectively. However, IQ seems to remain highly liquid considering the values of the mentioned liquidity ratios.
Ratios traditionally measure the most important factors such as liquidity, solvency and profitability, as well as other measures of solvency. Different studies have found various ratios to be the most efficient indicators of solvency. Studies of ratio analysis began in the 1930’s, with several studies of the concluding that firms with the potential to file bankruptcy all exhibited different ratios than those companies that were financially sound.
Total revenue, which is the total amount of income received from the sales of a certain quantity of goods or services. Total revenue can be calculated by multiplying the price of a product times the quantity sold. For instance, if 160 baseball caps are sold and each baseball cap was priced at $5 each, the total revenue would be (160*5) $180.
Profitability ratios express ability of the company to produce profit. This shows how well a company is performing in a given period of time. To compare the profitability for the companies, the investors use profitability ratios that are return on equity, profit margin, asset turnover, gross profit, earning per share. Return on asset indicates overall profitability of assets. It is the relationship between net income and average total assets. GM has 0.034 and Ford has 0.036. This indicates Ford is more profitable. Profit margin is how much of every dollar of sales the company keeps. Computing profit margin, net income divided by net sales. This indicates higher profit margin is more profitable and it has better control. Thus, GM’s profit margin is 3.4 percentages and Ford’s is 4.9 percentages. This indicates Ford has better control profitably compared to GM. Next ratio is gross profit rate. It is how much of every dollar is left over after paying costs of goods sold. Assets turnover represents how efficiency a company uses its assets to sales. This ratio is relationship between net sales and average total assets. GM’s is 0.98 and Ford’s is 0.75. This result represents GM is using its assets more efficiently. Gross profit margin is dividing gross profit, which is equal to net sales less cost of gods sold, by net sales. This ratio indicates ability to maintain selling price above its cost of goods sold. GM’s gross profit rate is 11.6 percentages. Ford’s is 5.7 percentages. GM is higher ratio, and it indicates strong net income. Also, it indicates the company has to spend lower operating expenses and the company is able to spend left money for covering fixed costs. Earnings per share indicate the company’s net earnings to each share common stock. This ratio shows margin between selling price and cost of goods sold. From these companies’ income statement, GM is $2.71 and Ford is $1.82. Because GM’s value is higher relative to Ford’s,