Rapid Critical Appraisal for Self-Management Activities of Caregiving Grandmothers
Sagar Koradia
Davenport University
Compare the Diabetes Self-Management Activities The purpose of this article is to compare the diabetes self-management activities of African American primary Caregiving grandmothers before and after the initiation of Caregiving and to compare the diabetes self-management activities of African American primary Caregiving grandmothers for diabetic women who were not caring for their grandchildren (Carthron, Johnson, Hubbart, Strickland, Nance, 2010). This study was performed in Central Arkansas and was conducted using 106 diabetic African-American women from four counties. 38 women did
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One group had 34 Caregiving participants between the age of 54 to 74 and the other group had 34 non-Caregiving participants between the age of 55 to 75. This study was used to compare the diabetes self-management activities of African American between primary Caregiving grandmothers and non-Caregiving grandmothers. For this study, a comparative design was used to examine differences in African American Caregiving grandmothers’ diabetic self-management activities and African American Non-Caregiving grandmothers. Also, compare the self-management activities of diabetic African American primary Caregiving grandmothers for diabetic African American women who are not caregivers. The data collection methods were same for cases and controls which included age, financial status, housing status, health insurance, length of Caregiving, numbers of days eating a healthy diet per week, blood glucose monitoring per week, exercise, medication adherence, foot examinations, and yearly eye …show more content…
It would also not help me because this study was performed between a specific Caregiving and non-Caregiving grandmothers who have diabetes. The patients I may encounter in my nursing career will be from a different age group, race, ethnicity, and different types of diabetes. Results are not comparable because there were no prior studies performed that compare the self-management activities of diabetic African American primary Caregiving grandmothers. The results of the study are not valid because there were no differences noted for a healthy diet, medication adherence, exercise or foot examinations which play a major role because healthy diet is very important when performing any study for blood glucose
According to the Department of Health and Human Services (2011), 18.5 % of the United States population is over the age of 60 years. Of these, 10.9 million (26.9%) are diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (ADA, 2011.) In Lewis and associates’ text book on Medical- Surgical nursing, Lewis states that the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) increases with age (Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper, Bucher, and Camera, 2011.) The purpose of this paper is to explore the disease process of diabetes mellitus in the geriatric population.
In 2014 a little over 3 million children in the United States were under the guardianship of a relative other than their parent (Szilagyi, 2014). This agreement is referred to as kinship. Kinship care is defined as the care of children by relatives or close family friends, also known as fictive kin, after they have been removed from biological parents. Relatives are usually looked to as the primary resource of care support because they maintain the child's connections with the family and help to preserve the cultural values of the family. (ChildWelfare.gov) Kinship care is divided into three different categories: informal kinship care, voluntary kinship care, and formal kinship care (child welfare information gateway, 2016).
Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2 diabetes/adult onset diabetes) is an epidemic in American Indian and Alaska Natives communities.7 AI/AN have the highest morbidity and mortality rates in the United States.7 American Indian/Alaska Native adults are 2.3 more times likely to be diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus than non-Hispanic Whites.7 More importantly, AI/AN adolescent ages 10-14 are 9 times likely to be diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus than non-Hispanic Whites.7 Type 2 diabetes is high blood glucose levels due to lack of insulin and/or inability to use it efficiently.8 Type 2 diabetes usually affects older adults; 8 however, the incident rate is rising quicker amongst AI/AN youth than non-Hispanic Whites.7 This is foreshadowing of earlier serious complications that will be effecting the AI/AN communitie...
"The facts are clear: The diabetes epidemic sweeping the U.S. is hitting the African American community particularly hard, according to doctors." (2) Diabetes is defined as, "A disease that affects the body's ability to produce or respond to insulin, a hormone that allows blood glucose (blood sugar) to enter the cells of the body and be used for energy." (1) There are two types of diabetes: type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes, which usually begins during childhood or adolescence, "Is a condition characterized by high blood glucose levels caused by total lack of insulin. This occurs when the body's immune system attacks the insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas and destroys them.." (2) Type 2 Diabetes, most common form of the disease, "Usually occurring in middle age adults after the age of forty-five, is a condition characterized by high blood glucose levels caused by either lack of insulin or the body's inability to use insulin efficiently." (2) National health surveys over the past 35 years show that the number of African American's that have been diagnosed with diabetes is drastically increasing. In fact, it has been reported, "Out of 16 million Americans with diabetes, twenty-three million are African Americans." (3) There are clearly many implications on why diabetes is so rampant in the African American community, those of which will be discussed in this report. In this report, I will exam aspects of the "African American Culture," in order to determine whether those aspects have anything to do with the reasons why diabetes is higher in the African American community, more so than others.
Furthermore, assessment of the caregiver’s perception of the health and functional status of the patient, the preparedness of the caregiver for the job of caregiving is assessed.
When working with the older adult population we have many health care challenges. One health concern for older adults is diabetes type 2. Diabetes can be defines as a raised glucose level and symptoms on two separate occasions. Diabetes type 2 is a metabolic disorder where a person shows some, but not complete, lack of insulin verses type 1 in which a person has a complete lack of insulin. The prevalence of diabetes among Americans has steadily increased over the years. “In 2010, 25.6 million Americans over 20 years old were estimated to be living with diabetes, with an additional 79 million estimated to have prediabetes” (Robertson, 2012, p. 225). Without proper education about the disease and how to manage it, the prevalence among our older population is likely to increase. “The epidemic of type 2 diabetes is clearly linked to increasing rates of overweight and obesity in the U.S. population, but projections by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) suggest that even if diabetes incidence rates level off, the prevalence of diabetes will double in the next 20 years, in part due to the aging of the population” (Kirkman et al., 2012, p. 2342).
Alzheimer’s disease is a serious disease which causes people to behave in a challenging way for their family and caregivers to manage. These behaviours are caused by damage to the brain that leads to psychological and functional impairment. Due to this impairment the people with AD are often neglected and labelled by the society. Family caregivers play a massive role in the care of their loved ones with AD. Patients and family caregivers often experience stress in dealing with all the obstacles that Alzheimer’s disease put them through.
In March of 2003, a bill known as the "Minority Population Diabetes Prevention and Control Act of 2003" was introduced to Congress, and then referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce. According to this bill's findings, "minority populations, including African Americans, Hispanics, Native Americans, and Asians, have the highest incidence of diabetes and the highest complications of the disease" (1). The alarming rate at which the incidence of diabetes is affecting African American and Hispanic American communities has led the government, health care professionals, clinics, and other organizations to begin to question the process by which information and treatment is being accessed by members of these communities.
Diabetes is a disorder when the body does not produce enough insulin, and when insulin is not released into the body it does not allow glucose to enter the blood stream. There are three different type of diabetes but the one that affects African Americans is type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes normally occurs in adults and it happens when their body can make its own insulin but will not be able to use it. Some symptoms for diabetes ca...
Blacks with diabetes are more likely than non-Hispanic whites to develop diabetes and experience greater disabilities from diabetes related complications such as amputations, adult blindness, kidney failure, and increased risk of heart disease and stroke (American Diabetes Association, 2014). One of the goals for Healthy People 2020 is to decrease the incidence of diabetes and improve the quality of life for all people who have diabetes, or at risk for it (Healthy People
For my cultural interview, I decided to interview an African American male of age 49, who is suffering from chronic diabetes mellitus. This disorder has caused a significant
... found out that my great grandmother also passed away due to type 2 diabetes. Given the knowledge from public health I didn’t know the extinct of diabetes until the discovery of my family’s history. Until then I never knew how imminent the level of diabetes could be. This has prompt me to become more aware and create more awareness about diabetes more importantly type 1. Unfortunately type 1 diabetes cannot be prevented and there is no screening for those that don’t develop symptoms. This is adversely unfortunate for young children that have to learn how to be insulin dependent at an age early as 1. In conclusion living with type 1 diabetes isn’t easy; individuals with type 1 diabetes have an increased risk of anxiety and depression. Understanding your not alone Is a coping mechanism, becoming more educated is the first step into living a healthier and longer life.
Every action of my day, every bite of food and every amount of exercise affects my health. I have had Juvenile Diabetes for thirteen years, and now I have decided to take on the task of not only managing my own health, but other’s as well. Managing my diabetes has not always been a huge struggle for me, but with the new stress of nursing school, it is becoming a balancing act between school and my own health.
Li, T., Lee, Y., Lin, C., & Amidon, R. (2003). Quality of life of primary caregivers of elderly with cerebrovascular disease or diabetes hospitalized for acute care: Assessment of well-being and functioning using the sf-36 health questionnaire. Quality of Life Research, 1081-1088.
Hence, Mount Sinai has created the Mount Sinai Diabetes Center with a mission to deliver free diabetes education classes in order to enable patients to control, self-manage or prevent the onset of diabetes. The curriculum is taught by nurses of diverse culture and language, who are certified diabetes educators. The center aims to promote awareness and prevention of diabetes in East Harlem, Upper East Side, Central Harlem and other communities such as Queens and the Bronx (Mount Sinai Diabetes Center, n.d.). Indeed, it is up to the residents of East Harlem and Upper East Side to utilize this resource provided by Mount Sinai for free. As noted from various studies, it is difficult to engage the youth to be educated or recruited about lifestyle intervention efforts or research studies. In furtherance of disseminating diabetes awareness and prevention among the youth residing in East Harlem, Vangeepuram, et. al (2016) conducted a study and reached a finding that building a good rapport with community based organizations and primary care clinics facilitated recruitment of adolescent population, aided in building trust with prospective participants and their parents, and assisted them formulate adolescent-centered recruitment