Pre-Lab Write-Up The objectives of Lab 6 is to produce biodiesel from vegetable oil and determine the yields for this process. The materials of this lab are a 15 mL capped centrifuge tube, a balance scale, a disposable glass pipette, methanol, and KOH. The main focus of the lab is the transesterification process, and biodiesel transportation fuel. The transesterification process is a process in organic chemistry where the alkoxy group of an ester compound is exchanged by another alcohol. The triglycerides react with an alcohol to from the esters and glycerol in a transesterification reaction. Oil is converted to biodiesel fuel using transesterification. Biodiesel fuels are liquid fuels that are produced from the oils. Biodiesel fuel
Cellulosic ethanol will not be able to meet its mandated output because in the past four years since demonstration and pilot sites started popping up it has only just started t...
First of all there is one well known way of making a man made oil which eventually becomes gasoline or diesel fuel, that has been around for a long time, it is called bio fuel. Bio fuel is a fuel that is made from plants or other growin...
Cushman, Lynd, Nichols, Wyman. “Fuel Ethanol from Cellulosic Biomass.” Science. March 1991. Vol 251 (4999):1321
Technically, the method is not thought of as a biofuel because it was not produced from a crop. Ethylene is used and it is produced through catalytic cracking. This is an addition reaction that is exothermic and is shown through the equation: CH2=CH2(g) + H2O(g) → CH3CH2OH(l) ΔH = - 45kj
Biodiesel is considered an environmentally friendly alternative because it reduces the amount many toxic substances. Plants such as soybeans require carbon dioxide from the air to produce their stems, roots and leaves. During biodiesel production from soybean oil, carbon dioxide is produced and released in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is considered a green house gas (GHG). However, this cycle of GHG emission does not neccersarily contribute to the atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. This is because the next soybean crop will reuse the carbon dioxide emitted for its growth. Another important environmental benefit is that biodiesel reduces particulate matter (PM), hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. These benefits occur because biodiesel contains 11% oxygen by weight. Oxygen allows the fuel to burn better, resulting in fewer emissions from unburned fuel. And lastly, biodiesel fuels do not contain any sulfur and does not have an unpleasant smell when it is emitted from vehicles.
In Thailand, fruit bundles have to be transported from the plantation to the mills and refineries, which are located in Krabi province. The Thailand government is using palm oil biodiesel to become more sustainable. They are trying to reduce the dependence on import and to improve energy security in the country. After analyzing the life cycle production of methyl ester, it was found that the three major energy consumptions is transportation, fertilizer, and methanol. There should be a reduction in the amount of fertilizer. Biodiesel should be used instead of diesel and fossil fuels, which are often used, for a more environmental friendly way. There should be non-fossil fuels to produce methanol. There should be efficient utilization of co-products, including fibers and shells to improve overall energy output (Pleanjai and
The increased use of nonrenewable fossil fossil fuels which are nonrenewable and awareness about environmental changes has been led to the development of fossil fuel alternatives such as biofuels which is , a renewable resource. From In the past few years, the researchers have been applied various methods and examined various feedstock biomass feedstock’s such as corn, sugar cane, canola, soybean and lignocellulosic crops for the production of biofuels. The primary drawback of these first and second generation biofuels are the high usage of agricultural land. which This can lead to the a food crisis, high water usage, and high production time. The An alternative solution to the current situation is is the production of biofuels from microalgae. Microalgae are single single-celled organisms that grow in a wide range of aquatic environments , from fresh water through saturated saline and have the higher lipid content compared to what?. MicroaAlgae have the capacity to produce and accumulate energy-rich oils, have natural ability to accumulate oil in its dry biomass. The genetic diversi...
QUES. State whether the compounds above will be a gas or liquid state at room temperature (20 C). Hint: If the boiling point is below 20 C, then the liquid has already boiled andthe compound is a gas.
Biodiesel is produced by subjecting the triglycerides found in vegetables oils and fats to transesterification, which is the exchanging of the alkoxy group of an ester compound by another alcohol. This creates an ox...
For this experiment, a Fischer esterification reaction was observed. A Fischer esterification is a reaction that converts a carboxylic acid into an ester. Within the reaction, the hydroxyl portion, -OH, of the carboxylic acid is replaced by an -OR group. The byproduct is water which is also a nucleophile. Therefore, water can be added back into the compound and undergo hydrolysis on the newly formed ester which produces the starting carboxylic acid. To make sure the reversibility did not occur, the reaction mixture was heated to force the water to evaporate and therefore be removed from the overall reaction. The main idea of Fischer esterification is to form a carboxylic acid and make it a better electrophile under acidic conditions. This is
The process need toluene and hydrogen as a main reactor. Then, toluene and hydrogen are converted in a reactor packed with catalyst to produce benzene and methane. This reaction is exothermic and the operating conditions are 500 0C to 660 0C, and 20 to 60 bar of pressure. This process begins with mixing fresh toluene with a stream of recycle unreacted toluene, and the mixing is achieved in a storage tank. Then, the toluene is pumped to combine it with a stream of mixed hydrogen and fresh hydrogen gas. The mixture of toluene and hydrogen is preheated before it is introduce to the heater or furnace. In the furnace, the stream is heated to 600 0C, then introduced into the reactor. Basically, the main reactions occurs in the reactor.
Lin, L., D. Ying, S. Chaitep, and S. Vittayapadung. "Biodiesel Production from Crude Rice Bran Oil and Properties as Fuel." Applied Energy 86.5 (2009): 681-88. Print.
Preparation of Ethanol and Ethanoic Acid Introduction to report ---------------------- This report contains 5 practical experiments to produce ethanoic acid from ethanol. The first practical is the preparation of ethanol from glucose using yeast during the process of fermentation; this has been demonstrated in class. In this practical the glucose is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide by respiratory enzymes from the yeast. The ethanol solution will be between 5-15% and the ethanol will be separated from the yeast by filtering.
There are both consumable and mechanical structures created from the seed of any of a few cultivars of the plant family Brassicaceae. Japan is one of the world's biggest economies and one of Canada's most critical financial and business partners.
Replacing petroleum used in the transportation sector with alternative fuels and low-level blends of non-petroleum replacement fuels.