Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Porter's five forces of criticism
Porter's five forces of criticism
Porter's five forces of criticism
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
5 Porter’s Five Forces
5.1 Threat of New Entrants
The airline industry is a costly business to partake in especially due to the cost of fuel and technology needed to operate the airplane. With EasyJet internationalizing into Africa, it had the notion of facing new competitors, however, with the finances (see appendix) it possesses and the famous identity of its brand, made the threat of being a new entry within the Nigerian market low. However, a big threat would be if local Nigerian airlines were to reduce its prices then EasyJet might be at risk because the local airlines have the necessary equipment and knowledge to operate in its region.
5.2 Power of Suppliers
Airplane – With the only two main airplane suppliers in the industry, Boeing and Airbus, gives EasyJet a low bargaining power making the suppliers to have a high power at determining what price to sell its airplanes, however, EasyJet can increase its bargaining power if it looks to buy in bulk due to the fact that it is internationalizing into Nigeria so the demand for airplanes would be high.
Oil – it is inevitable for airplanes to fly with petrol, therefore giving petrol suppliers a high power. With the war in Iraq, petrol prices have increased significantly but by looking to purchase in Nigeria, where oil is a resource, would reduce the continental cost of buying from Iraq and makes it a recommendable country for EasyJet to operate in.
Airport – With the major airports in the European countries being too expensive for EasyJet to fly into, EasyJet will not face such problems in Nigeria due to currency exchange; it would be cheaper for EasyJet to fly into major airports in Nigeria. However, it is left to the airport to decide on whether it wants EasyJet to operate on...
... middle of paper ...
...ervices land transportations cannot offer, this will significantly boost the number of customers looking to fly and will increase the brand identity of EasyJet in Nigeria and Africa as a whole.
7 Conclusion
In conclusion, EasyJet has been doing exceptionally well since its establishment in 1995. However, EasyJet can no longer rely on its past success based on increasing number of competition and operating in a saturated market. Furthermore, with the continuation of the market evolving, globalization is needed in order for a company to be successful. Therefore, it is appropriate for EasyJet to implement the recommended strategy of internationalizing into an emerging country, Nigeria, especially when EasyJet’s main source of flying an airplane is a resource of the given market. This way, EasyJet will be able to maintain a competitive advantage over its competitors.
Michael Porter's Five Forces analyze the external and internal environment of a company to increase the awareness of threats and structure of the industry that company competes within. Thus, the Five Forces is an ideal tool which can help companies to maintain their competitiveness with a higher profitability.
WestJet is the second-largest carrier in Canada, which mainly focuses on economic airlines. In decades past, WestJet expanded its destination network form all western Canadian cities to international scope. During this development period, IT played a important role. For example, electronic ticket is used in the airline reservation system. However, some IT-related issues also hinders the company’s development.
The airline industry has long attempted to segment the air travel market in order to effectively target its constituents. The classic airline model consists of First Class, Business Class and Economy, and the demographics that make up the classes have both similarities and differences to the other classes. For instance there may be similarities between business class travellers on a particular flight, but they will not all be travelling for the same reason. An almost-universal characteristic of air travel is that customers do not fly for the sake of flying; the destination is the important element and the travel is a by-product, a means-to-an-end that involves the necessity of an aircraft that gets the customer from point A to point B. Because the reasons can differ greatly in the motivations for a customer wanting to fly, it can be difficult to divide the market into discrete segments, that is, there is always going to be overlap in the preferences and characteristics of any given segment. With that in mind, the commonalities that are shared between the clientele that make up the respective classes can easily withstand analysis.
In 1978, deregulation removed government control over fares and domestic routes. A slew of new entrants entered the market, but within 10 years, all but one airline (America West), had failed and ceased to exist. With long-term growth estimates of 4 percent for air travel, it's attractive for new firms to service the demand. It was as simple as having enough capital to lease a plane and passengers willing to pay for a seat on the plane. In recent news, the story about an 18-yr British...
...leader. Certainly, it has to take into account the implications of completion from both the direct and the indirect competitors. That is why EasyJet centers on the cost management strategy and the differentiation strategy (Hanlon, 2007). Through an analysis of EasyJet Airplane company strategies and performance, it is clear that they are ambitious and strive for the best. They not only survive in an industry that is intensely competitive, as shown through the analysis by Porter's Five Forces, but also succeed in terms of offering their customers the best that they have to offer in terms of value for money. The advantage this airline gains over its oligopolistic competitors stems from flexible ticketing and complete access to all primary routes. However, in keeping airline industry, there is room for improvement and growth as the analysis using Ansoff Matrix reveals.
The company, Jet2, have many strengths to its name. One such asset is, as mentioned above, the six UK based airports from which it flies from. These six locations, Belfast International, Newcastle, Leeds/Bradford, Manchester Blackpool and (from 3 April this year) Edinburgh, are very well spread throughout the UK. Being a UK based firm, it is important for a firm like Jet2 to have locations throughout the UK, so that potential customers can use their services, and this is possible due to the accessibility of each of their base airports.
Airline and travel industry profitability has been strapped by a series of events starting with a recession in business travel after the dotcom bust, followed by 9/11, the SARS epidemic, the Iraq wars, rising aviation turbine fuel prices, and the challenge from low-cost carriers. (Narayan Pandit, 2005) The fallout from rising fuel prices has been so extreme that any efficiency gains that airlines attempted to make could not make up for structural problems where labor costs remained high and low cost competition had continued to drive down yields or average fares at leading hub airports. In the last decade, US airlines alone had a yearly average of net losses of $9.1 billion (Coombs, 2011).
Lufthansa, one of the world’s biggest airliners, has divisions handing maintenance, catering and air cargo. Since the World War II the airline industry has never earned its cost of capital over the business cycle (Hitt, 2010). Most of the airline companies have either filed for bankruptcy or are being bailed out by their government. Lufthansa had also gone through these tough times, but had resurfaced to become one of the worlds most profitable airline company. The company adapted a transnational strategy, seeking to achieve both global efficiency and local responsiveness. Lufthansa’s monopoly in Germany came to a halt with the creating of the European Union. All the EU member countries become one regional and therefore the European competition became, an increasingly a local competition. Lufthansa created its regional Hubs, to cater for its domestic market. But the availability of substitutes such as bullet trains and the Euro tunnel, made is necessary for Lufthansa to create short traveling time, customizations and quality standards in the region to achieve a competitive advantage. But outside the EU there are no substitute to air travels as such all the flag carriers are competing in the market, the international airline industry is a highly competitive environment. A new force has also emerged in the world of air travel, in the form of three Gulf airlines with jumbo ambitions. Within a decade Dubai’s Emirates, Qatar Airways and Eithad from Abu Dhabi have between them carried the capacity of two hundred million passengers (Micheal, 2010). The company had to go global and therefore adopted the international corporate-level strategy, where Lufthansa will ope...
Tom, Y. (2009). The perennial crisis of the airline industry: Deregulation and innovation. (Order No. 3351230, The Claremont Graduate University). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, , 662-n/a. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/304861508?accountid=8364. (304861508).
Additionally, deregulation and liberalization has accompanied the globalization of the airline industry, so that companies have had to compete against each other in new markets, as well as to gain entry into new territories. The rise of low cost local and regional airlines has made the competitive environment difficult to maneuver for large, formerly-state-subsidized national carriers. This has resulted in the need for strategic alliances between airlines in order to attempt to protect market shares and profits (Friehe and Curti, n.d.).
Nigerian Breweries is the most funded quoted company on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE), it is also the first Nigerian company in any sector to declare N12 billion in Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and the first company in Nigerian history to declare a dividend of N8 billion
The electrical power system in Benin is not that reliable. It’s not reliable because they have frequent black outs and it takes some time for the electricity to get back up and running. Nigeria is supposedly suppose to be exporting more electricity to the country so that schools, businesses, hospitals, homes and etc can be made available during the day and at night. If Nigeria does actually end up exporting the energy it would be a great thing for the company because it would be able to stay open at the hours it needs running.
Airline industry is affected by no. of factors such as fuel price fluctuations, high fixed costs, strong influence of external environment and excessive use of marginal costing by carriers. Recessions in the industry tend to last longer, while recovery periods are generally shorter. Over the past nine years, it is observed that industry has made losses for five years and during the profitable years margins were on a lower end. The airlines industry is acutely sensitive to external events such as wars, economic instability, government policies and environmental regulations.
Although JetBlue focuses on service value through highly productive personnel and aircraft, potential consumers are still interested in value when they fly; the Price aspect of the marketing mix. Customers are interested in quality service at a reasonable price.
This study focuses on discussing the criticism of Porter’s model of national competitive advantage. In order to fully discuss the limitations of Porter’s model of national competitive advantage, the determinants in Porter’s diamond model should be explained. Therefore Porter’s diamond model and its elements are analyzed in the first part of the study while rest of the study is explaining the limitations of the Porter’s diamond model that are late development theory, the role of the state, multinational enterprises, foreign direct investment, national competitiveness and history.