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Portchester Castle
Portchster Castle is a concentric castle, dating from Roman times
situated at the top of Portsmouth harbour. It has a 9-acre site and
was built from flint and stone. The castle had bastions and a tidal
moat, at the centre of the castle would have been accommodation.
Portchester Castle was originally built by the Romans to protect the
South coast of England from invasion by the Saxons. Portchester was
one of a series of forts built around the country and was typical of
Roman forts. Portchester was used as a base for soldiers. Because of
its location, troops could be sent out from the fort on ships to
defeat Saxon raiders. The location of Portchester Castle was ideal for
the Romans for several reasons: The site of the Castle was a peninsula
which meant that it was protected on three sides and could only be
attacked from one. The harbour that the fort protected could be used
for anchoring Roman ships, as they would be safe from storms.
What factors influenced the design and construction of Portchester
Castle?
During Roman times, Portchester Castle was an important link with the
Roman Empire as it was situated on the coast. When the Normans arrived
Portchester Castles was considered to be important as it provided a
link to Normandy. The Normans did not have the sophisticated
technology, the resources or the amount of men that the Romans had
had. This meant that they were unable to maintain the Castle as the
Romans had. They made a number of changes to the Roman Fort: A keep
was built in the corner with a wooden fence around it. Some of the
Roman walls had been 10ft thick, the Normans thinned these down to
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attacker's entrance to the castle. Although Portchester Castle does
not have staggered entrances it does have a triple gate to make it
harder for attackers to enter. This was very important because the
gate is the weakest part of a castle. On parts of the walls of
Portchester Castle, the base fans out and slopes down.
This is to make it harder for the enemy to
destroy the foundations and also to keep an
attacker away from the wall so they can be
fired at more easily. This is a feature of a
typical concentric castle although this
defence technique is usually used on the
entire wall. A typical feature of a concentric
castle is the protective wood work at the top
of the walls. We cannot tell whether this was
a feature of Portchester Castle because any
evidence would have rotted away.
Australia has the terrible condition of having an essentially pointless and prefabricated idea of “Aussiness” that really has no relation to our real culture or the way in which we really see ourselves. We, however subscribe to these stereotypes when trying to find some expression of our Australian identity. The feature film, The Castle, deals with issues about Australian identity in the 1990’s. The film uses techniques like camera shots, language and the use of narration to develop conflict between a decent, old fashioned suburban family, the Kerrigans and an unscrupulous corporation called Airlink. Feature films like The Castle are cultural products because they use attitudes, values and stereotypes about what it means to be Australian.
As I read the Glass Castle, the way Rose Mary behaves, thinks and feels vary greatly and differently throughout the memoir. The immediate question that pops up in my mind is to ask whether Rose Mary carries some sort of mental illness. Fortunately, given the hints and traits that are relevant to why Rose Mary lives like that in the memoir, we, the readers, are able to make some diagnosis and assumptions on the kind of mental illness she may carry. To illustrate, one distinctive example is when Rose Mary blames Jeannette for having the idea to accept welfare. “Once you go on welfare, it changes you. Even if you get off welfare, you never escape the stigma that you were a charity case.” (188). In my opinion, Rose Mary is being nonsense and contractive in her criticism, because of Rose Mary’s resistances to work and to accept welfare, it often causes a severe food shortage within the family that all four little children have to find food from trash cans or move on with hunger, which could lead to a state of insufficient diet. More importantly, having welfare as a way to solve food shortage, it can certainly improve those young Walls children’s poor nutrition and maintain their healthy diet, but Rose Mary turns it down because she thinks it is a shame to accept welfare despite their children are suffering from starvation. Another example will be when Rose Mary abandons all of her school work for no reason. “One morning toward the end of the school year, Mom had a complete meltdown. She was supposed to write up evaluations of her students’ progress, but she’d spent every free minute painting, and now the deadline was on her and the evaluations were unwritten” (207). This is one of the moments when Rose Mary shifts all of her attentio...
From its beginnings in Early Gothic to its completion just before Perpendicular, Lichfield Cathedral poses a fine balance between development and refinement, is a magnificent example of patterns of embellishment, and proves to be a great accomplishment for Decorated Gothic.
Prince Hall is recognized as the Father of Black Masonry in the United States. Historically, he made it possible for Negroes to be recognized and enjoy all privileges of free and accepted masonry.
It also dives into the area in its modern form, which is a tourist site administered by the English Heritage. According to the article, the area started as a cathedral but five days after its consecration a storm left an extensive damage and the cathedral had to be refurbished. “This work ultimately doubled the cathedral's length and involved the large-scale leveling of the ecclesiastical district in the northwest quadrant of the town.”[citation 33]” Then in the 1130s the work on the royal palace began.The palace at first was thought to be very small but could actually be the palace that was described in the first article. The dimensions were “170 m × 65 m (560 ft × 210 ft), surrounded a large central courtyard, and had walls up to 3 m (10 ft) thick. A 60-metre-long (200 ft) room was probably a great hall and there seems to have been a large tower”(citation
During the 1800’s Great Britain’s empire stretched around the world, and with raw materials easily available to them this way, they inevitably began refining and manufacturing all stages of many new machines and other goods, distributing locally and globally. However, despite being the central ‘workshop of the world,’ Britain was not producing the highest quality of merchandise. When comparing factory-made products made in England to surrounding countries, most notably France, those products could not compare as far as craftsmanship and sometimes, simply innovation. It was suggested by Prince Albert that England host a sort of free-for-all technological exposition to bring in outside crafts into the country and also show their national pride.
The Royal Pavilion The Royal Pavilion was a very fashionable building in it's day. The architecture was quite fashionable as it used the idillic style which was fashionable and the farmhouse idea was fashionable, however the Indian style the Royal Pavilion used was unfashionable. On the outside of the Pavilion the Prince also used the neo-classical style which was fashionable back then. Trompe l'oeil was a fashionable interior design which the Prince used. However the Prince did use chinoiserie which was unpopular then but was popular 50-60 years before the Prince used it.
Some of the problems plaguing the Portman Hotel in its inception include a lack of harmony among the workers, a lack of effort by some of the personal valets, and a lack of discipline on the part of management. The following case study uses various theories to explain these issues.
Rural areas are separated by a handful of remote farms, normally comprising of the older, old-fashioned whitewashed or stone buildings, usually with slate roofs. Villages grew from the early settlements of the Celtic tribes who chose certain settings for their agricultural or defensive value. More prosperous settlements grew and developed into the political and economic centers of Wales. The Anglo-Norman manorial custom of buildings bunched on a landowner's property, not unlike rural villages in England, was brought to Wales after the conquest of 1282. The village as a center of rural society, conversely, became important only in southeastern Wales. Other rural areas had more spread out and more isolated building patterns. Wood framed houses, originally built around a great hall, appeared in the Middle-Ages in the northeast, and later all over Wales. In the late 1700s, houses started to differ more in size and sophistication, imitating the development of a middle class and amassed differences in wealth. In Glamorgan and Monmouthshire, landowners built brick houses that mirrored the patois style common in England at the time as well as their social status. This imitation of English architecture set landowners apart from the rest of Welsh society. After the Norman Conquest, urban development started to grow around castles and military camps. The bastide, or castle
Northanger Abbey tells the story of a young woman’s introduction to the complications of social class and the conflict between imagination and reality. The novel begins by introducing Catherine Morland, an average girl “who had by nature nothing heroic about her” (Austen 17). By the age of seventeen, she has accomplished little of significance, so when her neighbor, Mrs. Allen, invites her to accompany her and her husband to a nearby town called Bath, Catherine readily accepts. Upon her arrival at Bath, Catherine’s confidence begins to grow. The freedom Bath granted her, and the novelty of being away from home “gave greater openings for her charms” (Austen 24). Men began to notice Catherine’s beauty, and one man in particular, Henry Tilney,
... feel more confident defending a strong and complex castle. Some disadvantages of a concentric castle include: concentric castles are very expensive to build, they take very long to build, they require more workers and skill to build and they need a larger food supply for a large amount of soldiers .
The castle is of Norman origin, and its history spans “more than five centuries” (Kenilworth Castle & Elizabethan Garden). If was built “around 1120 by Geoffrey de Clinton who was Henry I’s Lord Chamberlain,”(Kenilworth Castle) and was later passed from Henry II and King John (1210-1215) to King Henry III. Henry III continued John’s work reinforcing the castle as a fortress, and then gave the castle to Simon de Montfort, whom he later ended up fighting. After a battle against Simon’s son, Henry III was victorious and his son, Edmund Earl of Lancaster, inherited the castle in the 1300s. In later years, important families like the Tudors moved into the castle (1492), and it became more of an elaborate home than fortress, though the castle’s remaining defenses were damaged by Parliament in the Civil War (Kenilworth Castle). Kenilworth is most widely known today as a palace when Robert Dudley, the Earl of Leicester and a favorite of Queen ...
s from Lord Burlington’s grand tours travelling through the Low Countries and the Rhineland and spending four months in Rome, he designed the first and one of the finest examples of neo-Palladian architecture in England. The third Earl of Burlington, Richard Boyle, gained advice from his protégé, architect, painter and garden designer William Kent for the design of Chiswick House. Chiswick House provides an elegant setting for certain gatherings of his family, friends and cultural circle, and for Burlington’s grand collection of paintings and architectural drawings.
The first castles built in England were constructed by the Normans during their in invasion in 1066. The only castles built in England before the Norman invasion were for Norman and French lords (Brown 16). The castle quickly became an important piece of European warfare as it provided very strong defenses and could not be breached easily with technology of the time period. The basic design
In the poem "Dover Beach",witten in 1867 Matthew Arnold creates the mood of the poem through the usage of different types of imagery. He uses a dramatic plot in the form of a soliloquy. Arnold also uses descriptive adjectives, similes and metaphors to create the mood. Through the use of these literary elements, Arnold portrays the man standing before the window pondering the sound of the pebbles tossing in the waves as representation of human suffering. The man arrives at the vision of humanity being helpless against nature. Arnold creates the mood by suggesting mental pictures, actions, sights and sounds the man sees. Some examples are "folds of a bright girdle furled", "lie before us like a land of dreams" and "moon-blanched land". Arnold's use of different types of imagery and descriptive adjectives to induce sensory impressions of the setting, create the fluctuating mood of the poem, which is the eternal struggle of nature over man.