Outline Thesis Statement: Piriformis syndrome is considered a neuromuscular disorder caused by various abnormalities which contribute to pressure on the sciatic nerve. After examination and determining the cause of this diagnosis a physical therapy treatment plan can then be determined. I. Piriformis syndrome A. General information about the disorder B. Anatomy and normal function of the system 1. Piriformis muscle 2. Sciatic nerve II. Causes and conditions of piriformis syndrome A. Causes according to Dr. Pribut B. Causes according to Physio-pedia 1. Classification of the relationship between the piriformis and the sciatic nerve III. Symptoms and Side effects A. Most common side effects 1. Dr. Revord on Typical Symptoms 2. Dr. Tonley on Typical Symptoms IV. Treatment Plan A. Passive treatment plan B. Strengthening Treatment plan V. Closing A. Difficult to diagnose due to the many conditions that cause the disorder. B. Easy to treat after examination and the cause of problem has been identified Jayme Stachura Dr. Nancy Wilson PTHA 1321 Pathophysiology Research Paper 22 November 2014 Piriformis syndrome is considered a neuromuscular disorder. It is caused by various abnormalities of the piriformis muscle which leads to pressure on the sciatic nerve. The piriformis muscle originates on the anterior surface of the sacrum and attaches to the superior aspect of the greater trochanter of the femur. With proper function its primary motion is external rotation of the hip. It is also considered a hip abductor and extensor when the hip is in flexion. The sciatic nerve lies deep to the piriformis muscle and in some individuals nerve placement may vary. It innervates muscles of the lower extremity that …show more content…
Once proper examination has been performed and the cause of problem has been identified, this neuromuscular disorder can be easy to
The gluteus maximus originates from both the ilium and the sacrum and inserts on the femur. The gluteus minimus abducts and rotates the thigh outward. The biceps femoris originates from the tuberosity of the ischium and is responsible for abducting the thigh and flexing the hindlimb or in humans the thigh/leg. The gastrognemius originates from the lateral sesamoid bone of the femur and extends the hindfoot in minks and the calves in humans (Scott).
The first activity was isolating the gastrocnemius muscle. A cut between the thigh and hip was made so the skin can be pulled down past the lower leg. Then the tendon was cut away from the bone of the heel and one end of the nine-inch string was tied to the tendon. This led to the isolation of the sciatic nerve, found between the hamstring and heel on the lateral side of the thigh. Using fingers, the seams along the quadriceps and hamstring underwent a blunt dissection. In doing so, the glass-dissecting probe was used to free the sciatic nerve embedded in the tissues. A four-inch string was inserted between the nerve and the tissues. Then the transducer was calibrated using a fifty-gram block under the “Frog Muscle” program. Parameter of CAL 1 was changed to zero grams and CAL 2 was changed
In the frontal plane, the movement shows the depression of scapula. The joint involved in this part of the pirouette is the scapulothoracic joint. This motion can be analyzed in the frontal plane or the sagittal due to the movements of the shoulders with the trunk (Hall, 2011). In the transverse plane it is the external rotation of the hip that helps form a pirouette. The muscles used to perform the rotation are the gluteus minimus, piriformis, superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, obturator internus, obturator externus, and quadratus femoris (Hall, 2011). These muscles are used to help the leg move to the correct position for a pirouette.
For the lab test part, in this case we can do a muscle biopsy on him. A muscle biopsy is a procedure that removes a small sample of tissue for testing in a laboratory. The test can identify the disease is caused by nerve or by the muscle atrophy.
P3 – Describe the investigations that are carried out to enable the diagnosis of these physiological disorders
MG patients have only one-third of the normal numbers of acetylcholine receptors which causes weak and easily fatigued muscles. The muscles under voluntary control are affected. The heart muscles, which are under involuntary control, are not affected. In MG generally, the muscles that control the eye and eyelid movement are affected first, causing the eyelids to sag. Some MG patients may develop double or blurred vision. When only the eye muscles are affected, the disease is known as Ocular Myasthenia. Disease symptoms affecting the facial muscles leads to limitations of facial expressions. Victims have difficulty smiling and expressing emotions on their face.
...can see if this condition runs in the family. A physical examination is a good way to tell is there is any type of muscle weakness or spinal curvature.
Myasthenia Gravis is an autoimmune neuromuscular disorder. The term "myasthenia" is Latin for muscle weakness, and "gravis" for grave or serious. It is characterized by random weakness of voluntary muscle groups. Muscle groups most commonly affected include the eye muscles, facial, chewing and swallowing muscles, and shoulder and hip muscles. It is typical for a myasthenic patient to have a flattened smile, droopy eyes and an ineffective cough due to weak expiratory muscles, are all also associated with MG. Most myasthenic patients usually don't complain of extensive feelings of fatigue. They experience localized fatigue in specific, repeatedly used muscles. Today, MG is one of the most thoroughly understood neurological disorders, which has lead to treatments, which enormously improves the length and quality of life of myasthenics.
The basal ganglia are part of the extrapyramidal system and work in conjunction with the motor cortex in providing movement and serve as the relay center. Damage to this area results in Athetoid Cerebral Palsy, the second most common form of cerebral palsy. Involuntary purposeless movements, particularly in the arms, hands, and facial muscles, characterize Athetosis. In addition, the individual can become “stuck” in abnormal positions or postures and require specific positioning to maintain more normal tome and
The human genome is a remarkable system composed of over 3 billion DNA base pairs that encode for the characteristics that makes people distinctly human and unique themselves. Without the genome’s nearly flawless ability to self-replicate the human species would cease to exist. As incredible as this replication methodology is, it is not without its faults. Genetic mutations, though rare and typically harmless, can strike at any time and in various ways. Still, when they do cause harm the effects can be profound and impossible to ignore. Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is an instance where the mutation of just one nucleotide has devastating results. The Mayo Clinic defines progeria as a progressive genetic disorder that causes children to age rapidly, beginning in their first two years of life. This study defines the disease of progeria by outlining symptoms and identifying causes that lead to its diagnosis. In addition, treatment methods and extensive research that give those affected by the disease hope for a brighter future are highlighted.
Anyone can suffer from torticollis following a muscle injury or nervous system. However, in most cases, the cause of torticollis is unknown. In this case, it is called idiopathic torticollis.
Peripheral and central mechanisms involving nerve lesions and their input are substantial when perceiving phantom pain. Due to the impairment of peripheral nerves in the process of amputation, regenerative sprouting of damaged axons occurs and the activity rate of inflamed C-fibres and demyelinated A-fibres spontaneously increases (Flor, 2002). As a consequence of this nerve injury, a neuroma, which is a mass of pruned and tangled axons, may form in the residual limb producing abnormal (ectopic) activity (Katz, 1992). Flor, Nikolajsen and Jenson (2006) proposed that ectopic discharge from a neuroma in the stump illustrates abnormal afferent input to the spinal cord, which is a possible mechanism for unpro...
The sciatic nerve supplies information about movements of the leg and sends information about sensations back to the brain. The sciatic nerve is quite large, in fact, it is the largest peripheral nerve in the body. The sciatic nerve is formed from the lower segments of the spinal cord; it is made up of the lumbar and sacral nerve roots from the spine. The nerves are compressed, and people then experience the symptoms of pain, weakness, and numbness.
Lee SE, Cho SH. The effect of McConnell taping on vastus medialis and lateralis activity during squatting in adults with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation. 2013;9(2):326-330
in soft tissue mobilization pressure.” Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. April 1999: 531-5.