The concentration of the unknown HCl solution was found to be .102 M, and the concentration of the unknown acetic acid was found to be .053 M. As shown in Graph 2, the equivalence point volume can be shown by the maximum slope, and this volume was found to be 25.49 mL; the equivalence point volume of acetic acid was found to be 13.89 mL. The equivalence point volume was found by using the first derivative plot and looking at the highest slope. Phenolphthalein would be a good indicator for giving a reliable determination of the equivalence point. In the forward reaction of the HCl + NaOH and acetic acid + NaOH, the phenolphthalein clearly changed color from fairly clear to a pinkish color once the solution started becoming more basic. If an unknown weak ammonia solution was titrated with the strong acid HCl, then the phenolphthalein would not be an ideal indicator to use because the color change for the reaction between the weak ammonia (weak base) and HCl (strong acid) should occur at the likely equivalence point between 4 and 6; phenolphthalein changes color at the pH range of 8-10, so it would not be ideal use phenolphthalein because it does not have a color change at a pH range near the equivalence point pH of the weak base (ammonia) and strong acid (HCl). …show more content…
As shown by Graph 1, the equivalence pH appears to be around 7, and this makes sense since the reaction between the strong acid HCl and the strong base NaOH is simply a direct neutralization reaction since both will strongly dissociate and react with each other. This is further shown by the fact that almost twice as much NaOH had to be used to get to the equivalence point to neutralize the strong HCl than when compared to the amount of NaOH that had to be used to reach the equivalence point with acetic
Triphenylmethyl Bromide. A 400 mL beaker was filled with hot water from the tap. Acetic acid (4 mL) and solid triphenylmethanol (0.199 g, 0.764 mmol) were added to a reaction tube, with 33% hydrobromic acid solution (0.6 mL) being added dropwise via syringe. The compound in the tube then took on a light yellow color. The tube was then placed in the beaker and heated for 5 minutes. After the allotted time, the tube was removed from the hot water bath and allowed to cool to room temperature. In the meantime, an ice bath was made utilizing the 600 mL plastic beaker, which the tube was then placed in for 10 minutes. The compound was then vacuum filtered with the crystals rinsed with water and a small amount of hexane. The crude product was then weighed and recrystallized with hexane to form fine white crystals, which was triphenylmethyl bromide (0.105 g, 0.325 mmol, 42.5%). A Beilstein test was conducted, and the crystals produced a green to greenish-blue flame.
As proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) Omeprazole and Lansoprazole are effective therapeutic agents for Peptic ulcers. But which one is more effective as a PPI and highly useful for peptic ulcers disease. The basis of the distinction lies in the pharmacological safety and efficacy of each PPI, which is assessed in this paper in a head to head comparison. After obtaining the relevant literature from Database PubMed and Proquest, it is sufficient to conclude that Lansoprazole proved to be a more effective and safe than Omeprazole.
Apparatus: * 1 measuring cylinder * 1 test tube * 1 stop clock * A large gelatine cube containing indicator and NaOH * Hydrochloric acid ranging from 1-3 molars * A scalpel Diagram: Method: * Take the large gelatine cube and cut into 15 equal pieces * Place on piece of the cube into the test tube * Measure out 10mls of HCl in the measuring cylinder * Pour the HCl into the test tube with the gelatine cube and start the clock * Time how long it takes for the pink colour inside the gelatine cube to completely disappear * You will also notice that the cube dissolves slightly * Record your results and repeat this same process 3 times for each molar of acid: § 1 molar § 1.5 molar § 2 molar
To demonstrate the efficacy of a novel functional lung imaging method that utilizes single-inhalation, single-energy xenon CT (Xe-CT) lung ventilation scans, and to compare it against the current clinical standard, ventilation single-photon emission CT (V-SPECT).
INTRODUCTION: It is often thought that bacteria are usually found on the surface and orifices of organisms. However, one particular genus of bacteria does not conform to this premise, Wolbachia. Wolbachia is a bacterium found within the cells of arthropods. In addition, it is estimated that Wolbachia is found in approximately 66% of all insects (Hilenboecker, 2008). Several studies have been conducted and indicate that the vast majority of arthropods are affected during the reproduction phases. One such study indicates during cell division, Wolbachia isolates itself around spindle poles, and may become incorporated into newly formed daughter cells (Hiroyuki, 1995) In order for Wolbachia to spread within a population, several factors may occur, such as male killings, feminization, and cytoplasmic incompatibility(Toon Ruang, 2004) . In this study, Photinus Pyralis is tested to determine if Wolbachia is present in the genes of these fireflies. Photinus Pyralis, commonly known as a firefly, attract one another through specific flashing signals. These light signals are in the reproductive regions of Photinus pyralis, which is a common infection site for Wolbachia to settle
strong acid or base does not necessarily yield a drastic jump in pH. The acid
Alcohol, which is the nucleophile, attacks the acid, H2SO4, which is the catalyst, forming oxonium. However, the oxonium leaves due to the positive charge on oxygen, which makes it unstable. A stable secondary carbocation is formed. The electrons from the conjugate base attack the proton, henceforth, forming an alkene. Through this attack, the regeneration of the catalyst is formed with the product, 4-methylcyclohexene, before it oxidizes with KMnO4. In simpler terms, protonation of oxygen and the elimination of H+ with formation of alkene occurs.
The medication of paracetamol can be administered in various ways and they are sold in different formulations. The common dosage comes in tablets form of 500 mg, in dispersible fizzy tablets (500 mg) and oral suspensions. It can also be bought in capsules as a mixture with other API like caffeine and codeine.
From looking at the results I can conclude that when the pH was 3 and
Benzyl bromide, an unknown nucleophile and sodium hydroxide was synthesized to form a benzyl ether product. This product was purified and analyzed to find the unknown in the compound.
Compared to the 0.5 M hydrochloric acid that was less concentrated, the more concentrated 2 M hydrochloric acid c...
I decided to experiment with pHs within the range pH 2 to pH7, as I
The pH of the analyte, in this case a strong acid like HCl, is plotted against the volume of the strong base, NaOH, that is being added. The titration of a strong acid with a strong base produces a titration curve as above.
... state conditions to have given good separations. We also believe the correlation between the pH of the aqueous benzoic acid solution and the actual acid concentration to be accurate.
In this experiment three different equations were used and they are the Stoichiometry of Titration Reaction, Converting mL to L, and Calculating the Molarity of NaOH and HCl (Lab Guide pg. 142 and 143).