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Types of nursing theories and examples
Types of nursing theories and examples
Types of nursing theories and examples
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Nursing theory can be applied to resolve nursing problems or issues, irrespective of the field of practice. A nursing theory benefits nurses and the patients that are in his or her charge. . Depending on the issue or problem that is needed to be solved determines what theory needs to be used. Nursing theory started with Florence Nightingale. She believed that a clean environment would promote better health. Virginia Henderson’s need theory emphasizes the need to ensure that the patient’s independence is being increased while in a health care facility. Ensuring that a patient can increase his or her independence allows for them to experience better outcomes upon discharge home. This is just two examples of nursing theories that were used …show more content…
In her theory, nursing skills and experiences are what is required to become an expert. Each step a nurse takes to build up their skills to master the expert level is built upon the previous steps. The nurse needs to have a good foundation in order to move them closer to obtaining the expert level. Benner’s theory also showed that practicing nurses can and should form theory (Current Nursing, 2013). Benner’s theory has five levels: the novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient and expert. The novice needs to be told what to do. Advanced beginner can recognize components that reoccur. A competent nurse is one that has had two-three years in the same type of situations. The proficient nurse starts to look at the whole picture and starts to critically think. The expert nurse does not need to look at the guidelines to react. An expert nurse has had many similar situations that, he or she can reflect upon a situation, analyze it and react quickly. Benner’s theory will be applied by discussing the problem,. a strategy to solve the problem,. discussion around the strategy and problem,. and finally the conclusion,. which will state what new knowledge was gathered by the …show more content…
Management spends several hundred dollars for each new nurse that it hire and train. Using Benner’s theory, and investing in nurse retention will decrease costs, as well as having resulted in better patient outcome. A savings of one and one- half to two times of a salary is estimated to have occurred in reducing nursing turnover (Friedman, Delaney, Schmidt, Quinn, & Macyk, 2013). During my first four to five years in my current post,. I noted there to be an increase in novice and advance nurses not staying very long. Upon doing exit interviews it was brought to my attention, that the orientation, he or she received was not enough to make them feel comfortable. The nurses felt that he or she had been rushed through orientation, and did not feel confident in dealing with some
Benner’s novice to expert theory describes competency progression throughout a nursing career regardless of practice level. Central to Benner’s theory is the acknowledgement that a change in role would correspond to a change in level of expertise; additionally the domains and competencies presented in the theory are pivotal components applicable to all levels of nursing, including the advance practice role of nurse
Gobet, F., & Chassy, P. (2008) regarding Benner's theory “is simple, and, at least as a first approximation, captures some aspects of experts’ development fairly well, in particular the progression from slow and hesitant to fast and fluid problem solving behaviour. It provides important insights on the complex interaction between nursing theory and practice. In addition, the role of emotions is emphasized, which is rarely the case in expertise research. From an educational point of view, the emphasis on learning in context counterbalances the habitual focus on theoretical instruction (English, 1993). Finally, it is worth mentioning that Benner (1984), while mostly using interpretive
From observations of “chess players and airline pilots,” Benner extrapolated a theory that systematically describes five stages of nursing practice: first, novice; then, advanced beginner; competent; proficient; and, finally, expert (Johnson, 2015, 179; Benner, 2001, 21-35). Unlike most theorists, who centralize the patient, Benner’s Model of Skill Acquisition in Nursing emphasizes the importance of the nurse’s “skilled performance based upon experience” in the clinical setting (Benner, 2001, 36). In her theory, Benner thus describes each component of the nursing metaparadigm as a catalyst of the nurse’s
Walker, L.O., & Avant, K.C. (2005). Strategies for theory construction in nursing. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Walker, L. O., & Avant, K. C. (1995). Strategies for theory construction in nursing (3rd ed.). Norwalk, CT:
Walker, L.O., & Avant, K. (2005). Strategies for theory construction in nursing (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Patricia Benner’s Novice to Expert Model of Nursing is derived from The Dreyfus Model of Skill Acquisition, which was a model based off of a study of chess players and pilots. Benner’s model emphasizes the concept that there are five levels of proficiency: novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert. Each level builds upon the previous one and shapes clinical judgement and proficiency from education and experiences attained throughout a nurse’s education and career (Benner, 1982).
Nursing theories developed by scientists provide a framework for the process of establishing nursing as a profession with a specific body of knowledge including nursing language, and nurse is able to communicate inside in and outside of the profession. Theory supports and defines nursing practice and is used in practice situation to provide solution to the problem, provides guidelines in patient’s quality care, and helps to resolve nursing challenges. The benefits of middle-range theories found primarily in the research studies to address particular client population, in education, patient
According to Alligood (2014), Benner’s concept explains how nurses develop skills through experience over time while having a sound educational base. Benner emphasizes that experience is a prerequisite for becoming an expert. To do so, nurses pass through 5 levels of development: novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert. Each level builds on the previous one (Alligood, 2014).
The nursing profession is considered both an art and a science. An example of the science of nursing is the theory and evidence based practice guidelines (EBP), which influence a nurses practice. The art of nursing is fluid of bringing science and patient care into nursing practice. Nurses in all levels of nursing educational programs should study nursing theory. According to Eun-Ok (2015) theory evaluation has declined and it is essential to developing nursing knowledge; which, leads to the development of nursing discipline. Nursing theory should be continually evolving as current health care trends evolve. The best way to accomplish this is through incorporating theory in academia and nursing
These views imply that real life experiences test theoretical foundation, allowing for an individual to gain what is referred to as practical knowledge. This knowledge consists of a combination between theory and practice, allowing for a more holistic approach to patient care. Benner credits her differentiation of “knowing how” and “knowing that” to the ideals of philosophers Kuhn and Polyani. The premise of “knowing how” is related to nursing practice, whereas the basis for “knowing that” is associated with nursing theory. Due to the complex circumstances surrounding different clinical situations, theory alone would be inadequate for providing proficient patient care. Because of this, the importance of examining nurse practice is invaluable to further the development of nursing theory (Alligood,
Walker, L. O. & Avant, K. C. (2011). Strategies for theory construction in nursing. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.
Parker M. E., & Smith M. C. (2010). Nursing theories and nursing practice (3rd ed.).
To make good nursing decisions, nurses require an internal roadmap with knowledge of nursing theories. Nursing theories, models, and frameworks play a significant role in nursing, and they are created to focus on meeting the client’s needs for nursing care. According to McEwen and Wills (2014), conceptual models and theories could create mechanisms, guide nurses to communicate better, and provide a “systematic means of collecting data to describe, explain, and predict” about nursing and its practice (p. 25). Most of the theories have some common concepts; others may differ from one theory to other. This paper will evaluate two nursing theorists’ main theories include Sister Callista Roy’s
Nursing theories are actions care that a nurse provides to a patient to prevent a sickness, maintain and promote health. Many of the theorists contribute to a frame work or a blueprint of how nurses should provide care to patients. Many these theories are part of nursing care and most of them they go hand in hand. Nursing theory aims to describe, predict and explain the phenomenon of nursing (Chinn and Jacobs1978).Nursing is apprehensive with laws and principles governing the life processes and functioning of sick or well human beings. Nursing theories are beneficial in understanding the knowledge of nursing and its application (Smith and Liehr, 2008).