How did patriarchal ideals of family and community shape life and work in colonial America? Most wives and daughters of white settlers were only assigned domestic roles. Their legal and economic rights were restricted compared to women living in Great Britain.
How did population growth and increasing diversity contribute to conflict among the various groups inhabiting British N. America? With the population skyrocketing, it became more and more unlikely that the general population would own their own pieces of land. People who already owned businesses had expanded to meet the demand by the increase of population, so those who tried to start up their own could not live up to the competition. People tried to find land of their own by carving into forests and swamps, yet that land was owned either by Native Americans or other countries. In the 1720s and 1730s, Scots-Irish settlers came into Pennsylvania to escape from the oppressive conditions back home. The native settlements who had previously welcomed other settlers became overwhelmed
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This meant that the husband controlled his wife’s labor, the house she lived in, the property she brought with her into the marriage, and any incomes that she earned. The husband was also the legal guardian of their children, and often had a will written so that if he were to die, he would still have control over the household.
Old Light vs. New Light Clergy Old Light Clergy refers to a colonial clergy from established churches who supported the religious status quo in the early eighteenth century. This referred to clergy before the Great Awakening.
Light New Clergy refers to a colonial clergy who called for religious revivals and emphasized the emotional aspects of spiritual commitment. These people were the leaders in the Great Awakening, and inspired many people to become closer and recommit to their faith.
John Peter
Many new changes came to Victorian England as a result of the age of industrialization. Where there were once small country parishes, manufacturing towns were springing up. One change resulting from industrialization was the shortage of clergy to fill the new parishes in these towns. These new parishes reflect the demographic changes of the English countryside. Rural villages grew into booming towns. Where a single parish was once sufficient, there was now a need for multiple parishes. The Church of England went about meeting these demands for new clergy in two major ways, actively recruiting men to the clergy and restructuring theological facilities and changing the requirements for ordination. These factors show us some of the upheaval and reconstruction that was going on in the Anglican Church in Victorian England. This was a direct result of the need to train a large number of clergy in a relatively short period of time.
In Colonial Virginia in 1661, Rebecca Nobles was sentenced to ten lashes for bearing an illegitimate child. Had she been an indentured servant she would also have been ordered to serve her master an additional two years to repay his losses incurred during her pregnancy. After 1662, had she been an enslaved African woman she would not have been prosecuted, because in that year the Colonial government declared children born to slave women the property of their mother's master. A child born to a slave brought increased wealth, whereas the child of an indentured servant brought increased financial responsibility. This evolving legislation in Colonial Virginia reflected elite planter interests in controlling women's sexuality for economic gain. Race is also defined and manipulated to reinforce the authority and economic power of elite white men who enacted colonial legislation. As historian Kathleen M. Brown demonstrates in her book Good Wives, Nasty Wenches and Anxious Patriarchs, the concepts of gender and race intersect as colonial Virginians consolidated power and defined their society. Indeed, gender and race were integral to that goal. In particular, planter manipulations of social categories had a profound effect on the economic and political climate in Colonial Virginia.
Nonetheless, southern women were often pulled out from their family, constrain to live a miserable life at the husband house and unable to leave their house without an escort, whether is to visit family member often hundreds of miles away. Her husband could often leave the plantation for weeks for business purpose elsewhere in the country, trusting her to run the plantation alone. In the Old South marriage was not standardized, women were forced into arrange marriage often to others family member in other to keep their wealth. The Old South was very much an undemocratic society, built on old-fashioned notions of honor and fortune, and women were captive to this far more than men were. Although they had all the luxury a person could want in the world, despite laws that forbid a woman from owning slaves and the lack of sufficient education, responsibility for managing the entire plantation often fell on her in the absence of her husband. She was responsible for taking care of her home, raise and teach her children. Beyond the fact that she took care of her children’s, she was also required to looks at needs of any slaves her husband may own, stitching their clothes, keeping a lawn to
The Great Awakening was a revival/ evangelical movement that swept through both England and the American Colonies within the early 18th century. During this revival Englishmen and American Colonists alike found themselves being swayed by the talk of such preachers as “ Jonathan Edwards” or “George Whitefield”, who were both noteworthy evangelists at the time. After hearing a sermon, audience members would be scared that if they died that day, they 100 percent would be going to the fiery depths of hell. In an essence, the Great Awakening was a point in time when people started getting serious about God/ being a christian.
People of all groups, social status, and gender realized that they all had voice and they can speak out through their emotional feels of religion. Johnathan Edwards was the first one to initiate this new level of religion tolerance and he states that, “Our people do not so much need to have their heads filled than, as much as have their hearts touched.” Johnathan Edwards first preach led to more individuals to come together and listen. Than after that individual got a sense that you do not need to be a preacher to preach nor you do not need to preach in a church, you can preach wherever you want to. For the first time, you have different people coming together to preach the gospel. You had African American preaching on the roads, Indian preachers preaching and you had women who began to preach. The Great Awakening challenged individuals to find what church meets their needs spiritually and it also let them know about optional choices instead of one. The Great Awakening helped the American colonies come together in growth of a democratic
Mead, Loren B. The Once and Future Church Reinventing the Congregation for a New Mission Frontier . The Alban Institute, Inc., 1991. Kindle eBook file.
...o American colonies. Some colonies or loyalists remained faithful and became dependent on the British government. In the same way through the status of feme-covert, husbands had absorbed their wives’ legal identity. “She could exercise no choice in her political allegiance independently of her husband” (p.154). But few decades after the American Independence, “many states liberalized their divorce laws, making it easier for women to divorce husbands who abused or deserted them” (p.154). Married women were allowed to own and sell their properties independently. Due to economic crisis, husbands transferred their estate to their wives to shield them from creditors. Women had control over a family’s estate. “Despite the “new code of laws” drafted by her husband and peers, the principles and practices behind the feme-covert remained embedded in the legal system” (p.154).
...ard expansion, a person finds information about the essence of American culture. Though the English colonists came to America expecting to renew their lives through the Puritan faith, they instead found their faith and, indeed, their very society in danger from the heathen Indian presence in the surrounding wilderness. But while the Indians threatened the core of the colonials’ lives, the presence of the colonists and their westerly expansion threatened the lives and land that the Indians had held for many years. American history thus began in violence that has no single source, but rather is derived from the Puritans and Indians both fighting for and protecting their mutual interests and desires.
The increased demand for land, combined with this new ability to purchase the land, led to a change in the demographics of settlement. Instead the close protected towns, they began to settle down in individual farms outside of the towns where they could purchase larger parcels of land for less money. This was a catalyst in the transition away from the church governed society and set the foundation for a society run by the
The Great Awakening was a period of religious revival throughout the colonies in the 1730s and 1740s. It began because some Christians believed that a decline of religious zeal in the colonies had occurred. Leaders called on people to examine their lives and commit themselves to god; these preachers quickly spread the ideas of the Great Awakening throughout the colonies and led to the rise of many new organized churches.
During the late 16th century and into the 17th century, European nations rapidly colonized the newly discovered Americas. England in particular sent out numerous groups to the eastern coast of North America to two regions. These two regions were known as the Chesapeake and the New England areas. Later, in the late 1700's, these two areas would bond to become one nation. Yet from the very beginnings, both had very separate and unique identities. These differences, though very numerous, spurred from one major factor: the very reason the settlers came to the New World. This affected the colonies in literally every way, including economically, socially, and politically.
The context from which I bear the most knowledge is a congregational setting that would argue that it is a mystical community, but in its history it was viscerally the model was one of the Church as Institution. At the time of this independent church’s founding it was a part of a Pentecostal denomination which attempted to provide institutional means of governance for the individual churches it represented. Since it is a fairly young denomination, it might be fair to note that it gathered its model from the institutionality of the Catholic Church as a means of governance. The denomination had a head bishop who was elected from a pool of other bishops; these would be the equivalent of the Cardinals in the Vatican. Beneath the bishops were superintendents who managed and trained pastors as they planted congregations. As this particular congregation grew the founding pastor recognized the need to dissociate from the main denomination and enter into ministry as a non-denominational church. In essence this gave more autonomy to the congregation and ultimately to the pastor. This particular minister was often considered a benevolent dictator, which would be the type of leader needed for that time as everyone looked to him for spiritual answers. Historically in the denomination, since many of the congregants were poor and uneducated, the senior pastor was often the most educated person in the church. In those cases theological training often came after placement if it were available. Currently the church has a pastor that has roots in the Pentecostal denomination, but is ordained as an Anglican priest. The autonomy is still present, but there have been many desires to focus the church in more of a model of the church as sacram...
In the early days of English settlement in the American colonies, the Indian-European relationship of each area was the determining factor in the survival of the newly established colonies. By working together and exchanging methods of food production and survival, an English colony could maintain its population and continue to support the arrival of new settlers. However, a colony that had trouble maintaining ties with their Indian neighbors had a tough time attracting settlers and adapting to their environment. The role of the Indian helping the white man in North America played an important part in the survival of the American colonies. In the Jamestown colony, very few people survived the disease and sickness which accompanied the low, swampy landscape. In their attempt to survive, they raided Indian villages in search of food and kidnap natives. Because they didn’t see Indians as equal in status, the Jamestown colony’s growth was limited. In fact, as the winter of 1609-1610 arrived, the colony was barricaded by Indians who killed off the wild animals of the woods, leaving virtually nothing for the settlers. The result: fewer than 60 people remained when the next English ship arrived the following year. The reason the Virginia settlement ended up surviving was because of the disease the white man exposed the natives to during contact. Weakening the Indian population was the only way the Jamestown population could grow. Things were a bit different in the northern colonies...
It was not very easy for the United States to expand like they had in mind. The division of land had been a rising problem since the Revolutionary war. Two of the main issues during the time of the Articles of Confederation were the pricing and land measurement (Potter and Schamel 1). Throughout the course of over fifty years, the government had tried many different attempts to get people to want to expand to the west. They just didn’t really know the right way of how to go about it. Trying to sell the acres did not go over well, considering the price seemed outrageous for what they were getting. Untouched soil was very hard to start on and be successful from the beginning, which caused some problems with people not wanting to buy the land (Weiser 1). So again, a different political group tried a different approach.
Before the second great awekening, and the market revolution, Family was a woman’s responsability. They were seen as child raisers, home carers, and were expected to do gods will in raising the children to become excellent citizens. These were the beliefs of the Cult of Domesticity. Women had always depended on someone. Wether if be a father, uncle, husband, or even brother. They were never independent. In fact, some marriages were arranged by parents. But because of the cult of domesticity, more and more women refrained from marrige. Yet still, women continued to have the role of having children and taking care of the house, and their husband. But, the amount of arranged marriages declined, because people especially men started to recognize