Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD), a condition that affects preadolescent children, was first described concurrently by Robert Osgood, a US orthopedic surgeon, and Carl Schlatter, a Swiss surgeon in 1903 (Cakmak). Defined as a separation of the tibial tubercle apophysitis from the proximal end of the tibia, OSD appears in girls between the ages of 8 to 14 and with boys 10 to 15 (Kaya). The incidence of OSD is believed to occur in 21% of adolescents who play sports while non-athletes report only 4.5% (Kabiri). Factors such as the early involvement of children in sports, increased pressure to perform at the highest level, and decreased time between sport seasons are all factors which can lead to stress and overuse injuries (Kabiri). Recently OSD …show more content…
Usually the onset of OSD is gradual with minimal intermittent pain that progresses to continuous and more severe in the acute phase (Kaya). Pain is intensified with physical activity that entails jumping, kneeling or running (Kaya). OSD is diagnosed first through a physical examination where swelling over the tibial tuberosity and tenderness to palpitation is typically found (Kaya). Radiography may be used to show if calcification or thickening of the patellar tendon, soft tissue swelling and the fragmentation or irregular ossification at the tibial tubercles has occurred (Chang). However, radiographic changes are not always present in the early stage as the tibial tuberosity is predominately cartilaginous (Hirano). MRI technology can be used to demonstrate soft tissue swelling anterior to the tibial tuberosity, edema of the inferior patella tendon, and/or infrapatellar bursitis, which are the most significant diagnostic criteria of OSD (Chang). In the majority of OSD cases, symptoms usually diminish within 2 years of onset with excellent long-term prognosis (Kaya). In patients presenting with chronic cases of OSD complications such as genu recurvatum, patella alta or fragmentation of the ossicles may cause the long-term outcome to decline and progress to early onset osteoarthritis …show more content…
A stretching regimen recommended by a therapist is beneficial to increase the flexibility of the musculature around the knee (Kabiri). Since muscles weaken over the course of OSD, strengthening programs may prove valuable to the patient. Since muscles weaken over of the course of OSD, exercises such as wall squats, straight leg raises and later jump rope can strength the hamstring and quadriceps muscles that are affected (Kabiri). Thorough evaluations by the therapist should occur to assess the patient for pain during any strengthening program to prevent re-jury or
Shiel W Jr.and Stoppler M. (2011). Osteoarthritis . Available: http://www.medicinenet.com/osteoarthritis/article.htm . Last accessed December 2013.
(2014). Effects of Kinesiology Taping on Repositioning Error of the Knee Joint after Quadriceps Muscle Fatigue. Physical Therapy Science 26(6); 921-923.
What causes Osgood-Schlatter Disease? “As the actual cause of Osgood-Schlatter Disease is unknown, Osgood-Schlatters Disease is thought to be caused by small injuries due to repeated overuse before the area has finished growing (Dhar). Some studies report that up to 50% of patients relate a history of precipitating trauma (Dhar). During activities that involve a great deal of running, jumping, and bending-such as soccer, basketball, volleyball, and ballet, are a few of the sports that increase a child’s chances of being diagnosed with Osgood-Schlatter Disease (Diseases and Conditions: Osgood-Sch...
Duff, John F. Youth Sports Injuries. A Medical Handbook for Parents and Coaches. New York: MacMillan, 1992. (pp.
Kids are deciding by ages 9-10 they want to excel in one sport in order to win a college scholarship. Some are trading the fun and experience of diversifying between basketball, baseball, soccer, etc. for year-round football. As a result, overuse injuries are occurring at an alarming rate among these one-sport wonders.
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint condition that primarily affects the hands, spine and the ankles and hips. It is known to be associated with aging, and is concerned with the cartilage that protects the joints (the meeting place of two bones). Normal cartilage allows for bones to slide over each other uniformly, acting as a shock absorber to any damage. However cartilage in osteoarthritis, located at the ends of the bones erodes and deteriorates, causing friction and hence pain, swelling and restricted movement. Therefore in osteoarthritic both the composition and appearance of the cartilage alters, while the body attempts to repair this damaged cartilage is broken down faster than it can be built up. A defective repair process can cause bone overgrowth, bone spur/osteocytes to form which can be seen at the ends of the joints. In osteoarthritis the bones come in close contact with each other, and wear away leaving the bone exposed and unprotected.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, affecting more than 27 million Americans (LeMone, Burke, Bauldoff, 2011). It is caused when the cartilage in the joints breaks down, causing the bones of the joint to rub against one another. This causes pain, stiffness, and loss of motion in the joint. Osteoarthritis is most prevalent in those 65 and older, but can affect those of any age. In addition, African Americans and Hispanics report a higher incidence of arthritis than Caucasians (LeMone, Burke, Bauldoff, 2011). Although the cause is unknown, it is believed that the increasing age of the population, prevalence of obesity and injuries add to the progression of the condition. Osteoarthritis can affect any joint in the body; however, those of the hand, hip, and knee are often the most common. This condition may be asymptomatic, or may present symptoms including soreness, stiffness and pain. The symptoms are more common in the older population, those with limited activity levels, and those who are obese. Joint cartilage thins over time, causing an increased risk for symptoms in the elderly, and obesity puts extra pressure on the joints during activity. Osteoarthritis is commonly diagnosed with the use of a physical assessment along with results of radiology testing such as X-Ray and MRI.
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), also known as brittle bone disease, is a rare genetic disorder with the main characteristic being that the bones break very easily, usually for no apparent reason. The major cause of osteogenesis imperfecta is a mutation in the genes that produce collagen. Collagen is the main protein that works toward the production of connective tissue. Individuals with this disorder will produce less collagen than needed, which causes the bone development to be endangered. This could result in bone deformities. There are four types of osteogenesis imperfecta, and in all four types you will see bone fragility with multiple fractures and bone deformities.
The knee joint is extended when in the standing position, to stabilize this joint the biceps femoris, semi-mebranosus, semi-tendonosus (hamstrings) and the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius and vastus medialis (quadriceps) co-contract isometrically.
The big picture. Where the two schools of medicine differ is in philosophy. Doctors of osteopathy "treat people, not just symptoms," says Karen Nichols, dean of the Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine. "The course list looks exactly the same, but the M.D.'s focus is on discrete organs. The osteopathic focus is that all of those pieces are interrelated. You can't affect one with out affecting another." That means paying more than simple lip service to the idea of the "whole" patient: It means that diagnosis and treatment rely on an examination of a person's environment and family and general situation as well as his or her body. Not surprisingly, about 65 percent of the nation's 52,000 licensed osteopaths (by comparison, the country boasts at least 900,000 M.D.'s) are primary-care physicians. The American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine has a description of osteopathic training, as well as short profiles of 20 schools, at www.aacom.org. The D.O. programs and their contact information are listed in the directory section of this book.
Once school was out last year, I had done something to my foot. I don’t know what happened to it, but I know a general time frame it happened in. At first, I thought it was just my foot getting used to the new summer conditioning. After about three weeks, the pain had moved towards my achilles tendon. Once that happened, I only had pain when I pointed my toes, or pushed through my toes. The pain was to a point where my coach was noticing a change in tumbling, so she had me go to a doctor to make sure everything was
30-50% of all paediatric sports injuries occur from overuse. 49.5% of 394 children who went to a sports injury clinic were diagnosed with an overuse injury. These athletes lost 54% more time from training and competition compared to those with acute
Almost everyone develops osteoarthrits as they age, some get it while in their fifties and in others it does not appear until their eighties. Osteoarthritis is the most common form that affects older people; this form of the disease wears down the cartilage mostly through overuse and injury but there are other causes. This specific form of the disease causes the cartilage to break down and the bones to rub against each other. Deformity and swelling occurs because knobs of hardened bits of cartilage develop in the joint. It forms especially if a joint has been injured many times.
Rixe JA, Glick JE, Brady J, Olympia RP. A review of the management of patellofemoral pain syndrome. The Physician And Sports Medicine. 2013;09:2023
The purpose of the squat is to train the muscles around the knees and hip joints, as well as to develop strength in the lower back, for execution of basic skills required in many sporting events and activities of daily living. Because a strong and stable knee is extremely important to an athlete or patient’s success, an understanding of knee biomechanics while performing the squat is helpful to therapists, trainers, and athletes alike (11). Because most activities of daily living require the coordinated contraction of several muscle groups at once, and squatting (a multi-joint movement) is one of the few strength training exercises that is able to effectively recruit multiple muscle groups in a single movement, squats are considered one of the most functional and efficient weight-bearing exercises whether an individual’s goals are sport specific or are for an increased quality of life