CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction This chapter endeavours to provide the background of the study, statement of the problem, purpose, research objectives and questions, significance, delimitations and limitations, assumptions of the study, the theoretical and conceptual framework and operational definitions of terms. 1.2 Background to the study Formal and co-ordinated endeavours amongst professionals to train individuals with visual impairments in orientation and mobility were initiated in the 1940s after the start of the Second World War, when United States’ soldiers who were blinded in the battle field were dispatched to hospitals at Valley Forge. They had been at first restrained in rehabilitation centres at Avon, Connecticut. …show more content…
As far as the absence of vision is concerned, it is therefore vital for learners with visual impairments to develop independence and a sense of self mastery (Gary, 2008). It is through implementation of orientation and mobility curriculum that these skills may be achieved in addition to the provision of special equipment such as white canes (Farrell, …show more content…
In South Africa, the noted challenge was the revelation that after orientation and mobility training, the learners’ mobility had not at all improved. Majority of the learners still embraced the habit of utilizing their self-taught cane strategies (Perla, & O’Donnell, 2004). Through orientation and mobility instruction students are given the opportunity to travel safely, independently, efficiently and gracefully through all appropriate environments. These skills as part of the school curriculum are more generally accepted and understood within special settings such as schools for the visually impaired. The need for orientation and mobility experience within the setting makes sense. What is needed next is the evidence to support specific curriculum barriers in regard to the teaching of orientation and
Lavoie’s workshop provokes an emotional response. After viewing life through the eyes of a child with special needs, I cannot help but have a more significant understanding of what people, especially children with disabilities, must deal with every day, everywhere. During the many years that I have worked with children with various disabilities, I have encountered each of the topics discussed in Lavoie’s workshop and agree with the points he makes regarding children with disabilities. Particularly impacting the way I interact with my students are the topics concerning: anxiety, reading comprehension, and fairness.
I have had no experience with students who have a physical disability or have particular cultural requirements. Therefore, I will continually seek advice and direction from my experienced colleagues to develop my teaching skills. To become an authentic and effective teacher, I will need to know my students and how they learn, as outlined in The Australian Professional Teaching Standards (1.1 - 1.6 AITSL, 2011). Furthermore, to create the most effective learning environment for my students, I will need to continue to learn and improve my current skills and knowledge (6.1 - 6.4 AITSL,
In response to the question set, I will go into detail of the study, consisting of the background, main hypotheses, as well the aims, procedure and results gathered from the study; explaining the four research methods chosen to investigate, furthering into the three methods actually tested.
It's 8 o'clock in the morning and the corridors of Mill Road Elementary are busier than Grand Central Station. The only difference is that Mill Road students are about a foot shorter and ten times more energetic than your average Grand Central Station commuter. In comparison with the dorm room I have just left, these walls are papered with hundreds of drawings and paintings. The hallways could compete with any modern gallery in terms of sheer bulk and some critics might argue for their content as well. However, I did not wake up at 7 o'clock to view the Mill Road Elementary prized art collection. Instead, I am there to present the 3-step Disabilities Awareness program to several classes of supercharged fifth graders.
In the video presentation of How Difficult Can This Be? The F.A.T. City Workshop, Richard Lavoie is able to simulate several of the difficulties that a student with a learning disability has to face at school. Some of the difficulties experienced by the students are intrinsic to the disability itself, but many other difficulties are directly related with the emotions that the student experiences when attending a class, and as a result of his or her interactions with teachers and classmates. Both the United States law and the education system, have the opportunity to make a huge difference in the learning experience of every student with disability. Students with disabilities need to be guided to a path to education that is both feasible and accessible for them; with achievable goals, and by being provided what they need in order to succeed, and to be able to overcome any obstacles.
My father made a successful recovery and I became inspired. I realized that having the gift of sight is something people take for granted. Therefore, when I embarked on my undergraduate journey, I partook in several activities to help foster my thirst for knowledge about optometry. For instance, I became the treasurer of the pre-optometry club at the University of Florida. As an executive board member, I opened doors for others to find their passion for optometry through managing our budget and finances to sponsor trips and activities. Meanwhile, I also worked as a secretary and shadowed at the Eye Associates of Orlando, where I gained practical knowledge. I also volunteered for the KidSight Vision Screening Program where I entered data of visio...
People with learning disabilities are the largest segment of the disability population, and growing numbers of col...
On the surface, blindness gets treated just like any other major disability in our culture. However, the absence of the common ability to see can be exceptionally polarizing for both the blind and the sighted person involved. Eyesight is an exceedingly fundamental and uniting gift that has drastically shaped the way humans perceive the world and continually shape their every thought. Regrettably, this can sometimes characterize blind people as being somewhat alien to some people. They lack one of the most basic forms of common ground on which to relate. For some people, this can be an uncomfortable barrier, while others will immediately accept and cherish their company without a second thought. These are precisely the two contrasted reactions depicted in Raymond Carver’s “Cathedral”.
Witt, Karen, De. "How Best to Teach the Blind: A Growing Battle Over Braille." New York Times. N.p., 12 May 1991. Web. 11 Mar. 2014. .
The authors of this article have outlined the purpose, aims, and objectives of the study. It also provides the methods used which is quantitative approach to collect the data, the results, conclusion of the study. It is important that the author should present the essential components of the study in the abstract because the abstract may be the only section that is read by readers to decide if the study is useful or not or to continue reading (Coughlan, Cronin, and Ryan, 2007; Ingham-Broomfield, 2008 p.104; Stockhausen and Conrick, 2002; Nieswiadomy, 2008 p.380).
According to NIB study,which analyzed potential reasons why walloping 70 percents of blind people are not employed, they found that “hiring managers, most respondents (54 percent) felt there were few jobs at their company that blind employees could perform,...Forty-two percent of hiring managers believe blind employees need someone to assist them on the job;.. 34 percent said blind workers are more likely to have work-related accidents.’ These statistics shows us the the condition of being blind is associated with being incapable, clumsy, and unproductive in the workforce. Sontag teaches us when when we give meaning to a disease like blindness, we constructed it in a way that is punishing to those afflicted with the disease. The reality is blind people are capable individual who can carry out the job as well as a normal person in the workforce. This reality is often hidden from managers by negative stereotypes of the condition of being
Joyce Bohen recently wrote a book about her experience with multiple sclerosis. She told about her battle with multiple sclerosis and one of her major symptoms, optic neuritis. In this book, she told each individual to imagine life from one day being able to see bright colors and distinct pictures to only realize that as each day goes by the world is beginning to look darker and darker until you can see nothing but black. Not only did she experience blindness but also came the intense pain. After seeing a neurologist many times and continuously being treated with steroids to help her vision return, she finally gave up her battle and began to accept the idea that she would never be able to see again. The goal of her book was to help those with low vision accept the idea that life will never be the same and that there are strategic ways to get around this disability. One of the coping mechanisms she suggested was to outline doorways, steps, and wall switches with high contrast or textured tape. This story of one woman's dedication and perseverance to get through her disability should give researchers all the persuasion needed to continue on discovering permanent treatments or even preventive methods for optic neuritis (Cohen, Dinerstein, & Katz, 2001).
Now within the rest of this paper you will be finding a few different things getting discussed. Staring it off we will be discussing the articles that we have found to make our arguments and hypotheses. After wrapping up the literature reviews we will be discussing the hypotheses thus continuing onto our variables and indicators. Once we discuss our hypotheses we will be moving onto the research design. The research design will have our general issues, sampling, and methods.
Bowser and Reed [1995] as cited by Bryant et al [1998] argue that as a child progresses through the Education System, their requirements change and this may necessitate a need for different devices. This is not limited to those children with a physical disability but is relevant to all children with SEN as they progress and the Education System places additional burdens upon them. For children with a visual impairment ICT can provide support in various ways; tools to support communication, to improve access to information and as a means of producing learning materials in alternative. There is a wide range of devices and software, which can
When Dr. Hong was trying to come up on how to perform this very difficult task of how to incorporate a blind person in a real driving car, he knew he had to have two things, instructive and, or informative feedback to the actual driver himself. He was trying to see what would possibly be the easiest form of task for the driver. Because if you had too much go on, then it could in some way distract the driver. So he was trying to see which of these would help the driver in the most efficient