A single discovery can change the world that had been proved in history many times. Communication plays an important role in human beings life. Optical fiber has modernized the way the world communicates. Optical fiber is a combination of light and glass, build in a strand of glass thinner than human hair. This astonishing medium allows us to broadcast data, voice and video at the speed of light. Researchers who were working for American Glass maker Corning Incorporated invented the first low - loss optical fiber with crucial attenuation limit of 20 db/km for use in telecommunications network. Signal loss of 17 decibels of light per kilometer of fiber was demonstrated. After 40 years of continuing products and process innovation have helped Corning to achieve signal loss of 0.17 db/km. This resulted in more advanced and faster telecommunications network to connect cities and continents. [A] In today’s world optical fiber is a vital technology for fast, consistent delivery of services. Electronics device such as smart phones, GPS, HD TV and many other can connect us directly and continuously to communication networks without any problem.
FIBER OPTIC AHEAD OF COPPER
Fiber optic technology utilizes pulses of light to carry information along the incredibly thin strands of glass. Fiber optic has greater bandwidth as it can transfer huge amount of data at time compare to copper. For an instance, a LAN network using traditional copper cables can carry 3000 telephone calls at a time, while if we use fiber optics it can carry over 31000 calls. Copper cables convey electrical currents, while fiber optics transmit pulses of light produced by a LED or laser along optical fibers. Information is encoded by perceiving changes in energy in bo...
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...um bandwidth of 600 MHz over 100m while Graded Index cable can offer us 1000 Mhz over 100m.
Different countries have different internet speed.
Internet access improves each year in U. S. but still it has ranked 11th (according to Forbes.com) among other fast internet access countries. This is evaluated by taking into account factors such as upload and downloads speed and the number of homes with Internet. So what makes U. S. slower than other 10 countries? There are few obstacles, but major problem is smaller scale adaptation of fiber technology. It is extremely difficult to change to fiber. For ISPs investment in fiber optics is not a major concern but in order to adopt fiber they have to update their equipment as well. Updating equipments such as the processing units, router to direct signal to their destination and many other devices would cost a fortune.
fiber-optic cables that run from a major city to another major city. So if you
Salvi, S M, S Akhtar, and Z Currie. “Ageing Changes in the Eye.” Postgraduate Medical
When I read this article, “Why Is American Internet So Slow” I didn’t comprehend how decreased American superhighway (internet) is compared with other countries. In fact, the United States, who formulated networks, ought to have the quickest connection. In paragraph 1 it states, “America’s average download speed is 20.77 Mbps and was ranked 31st.” In addition, Hong Kong download speed is “72.49 Mbps.” I couldn’t fantasize that Hong Kong has more than three times accelerated internet than the U.S. Let alone, I couldn’t understand that the U.S. internet is more time-consuming than other countries. In my opinion, I thought this article was not reliable sources at first, by virtue of, I couldn’t accept how slow the U.S. internet download and upload
Like a lot inventions in the past two centuries, modern fibre optic cable was created for military uses. The manager for Copper Cable and Wire at the US Army Signal Corps was getting more displeased with the amount of signal loss that was due to copper cable.
This optical amplification is started from some emission but it is not exposed yet until Albert Einstein proposed in 1916. After that, the things became more seriously after 1954 when Townes and Arthur Schawlow also with Gordon Gould proposed laser action, then not long after 4 years, in 1960, first laser was build by Theodore Maiman. Besides that, Gordon also derived the word laser from “light amplification by the stimulated emission of radiation”. The laser developer look amplification is very important as a step to build a laser, so these people make one advance to develop amplifiers from semiconductor laser to be used as light sources. This is because of semiconductor have high gain. Laser made up with high gain and low noise is categorized as the best laser.
From the beginning, efficiency and speed in the telecommunications industry has advanced at a fast pace owing to fiber optic technology. In 1979, AT&T filled the telecommunications industry with revolutionary ideas by developing a mode for data transmission using a light, called fiber optic cable. This mode produced a bandwidth of 44.736 Mbps and could multiplex 672 trunk circuits on one fiber alone (Cole, M. 2000). However, this development was merely the start of a huge extension to telecommunications, something that would transform the industry constantly.
A high speed Internet connection is required to stream video. The Netflix Help Center recommends an Internet connection speed of 5.0 Megabits per second (Mbps) for HD video ("Internet Connection Speed Recommendations") Today most American households have access to broadband speeds capable of high-definition video. According to Anne Neville of the National Telecommunications and Information Administration, 98% of Americans have access to broadband speeds of six megabits per second and 83% to speeds of twenty five Mbps or more (Neville). These speeds are more than adequate for HD quality video streaming. With the current broadband initiatives in place this should continue to improve in coming years, along with the possibility of even greater speeds. Beginning in November 2013, Cox Communications began offering increased Internet connectio...
All forms of commerce will benefit from fibre optic connectivity as it will lower the cost of communication, which is a vital part of any business. New opportunity for the growth of the data market will emerge as cheaper bandwidth should translate to more users.
Fiber optic technology has opened the door to many more communication opportunities for the world today. It provides higher fidelity long distance telephone conversations, as well as secure communication systems. Today, more than 90% of the United States long-distance traffic is already carried over optical fiber; more than 15 million miles have been installed, virtually all of it using the original design.
The term Laser is an acronym that of Light Amplification by Simulated Emission of Electromagnetic Radiation. These lasers have many applications in many different industries around the world. However, with new uses constantly being developed lasers are proving to be extremely beneficial to the world of medicine in particular. From laser imaging and disease diagnosis to curing and treating illnesses that were not curable previously. Medical lasers have already saved many lives worldwide.
When electronic devices transfer information to another electronic device, the devices need to know when data flow is beginning and ending. This is done with signals for synchronization.i
Space: up until a few centuries ago astronomers knew little about the universe outside of our planet. But now, with vastly improved technology, astronomers are able to uncover so much more about what lies outside of Earth. While today’s observational technology is greatly superior to that of the past, we can’t disregard the accomplishments of astronomers in the past, because without their work our knowledge of space would far less than it is today. From Galileo’s first telescope to the Webb space telescope that has yet to be launched, there are so many observational technologies that made important contributions to the observation and exploration of space.
The purpose of this experiment was to demonstrate and better understand thin lenses. The two types of thin lenses are concave where the lens curves in and convex when the lens curves out. There are three characteristics of thin lenses, which include; a chef ray, which goes through the center of the lens and does not deviate, the parallel ray that shines parallel to the lens and is refracted through the focal point on the opposite side, lastly there is the focal ray, which shines through the focal point that is on the same side of the lens as the object and at the middle of the lens is refracted parallel to the lens. At the point where two or more reflections of the rays meet is where the image is created. A real image is one that is
Fiber optics is a new technology that uses rays of light instead of electricity to transmit information over optical fibers at very high speeds. The optical fibers are usually thin strands of glass that are combined into cables and used to send information and computer data in the form of pulses of light. The optical fibers provide much clearer transmission than conventional copper cable and satellite links. The world market for optical fiber continues to grow rapidly, with shipments increasing 14 percent from an estimated 7.0 million kilometers of fiber in 1990 to approximately 8.0 million in 1991. The demand for multimode fiber is predicted to continue to expand through the mid-1990s, with some market analysts indicating that 15 to 20 percent annual growth over the next three years is reasonable. Strong demand is expected for singlemode and multimode fiber to be used in cables for local area networks, telecommunications, cable television (CATV), and transoceanic fiber-optic systems.