In Chapter 14 (Kinetics of a Particle: Work and Energy) and Chapter 18 (Planar Kinetics of a Rigid Body: Work and Energy), both apply a same concept. It is concept of work and energy to solve the problem. Chapter 14 use the concepts of work and energy to analyze motion of a particle, while Chapter 18 apply work and energy methods to solve planar motion problems. In both chapter, problems that involve force, velocity, and displacement can be solve by using the resulting equation. Chapter 14 states that if the particle acted upon by the force, F undergoes a finite displacement along its path from r1 to r2 or s1 to s2, the work of force F is determined by integration, but in Chapter 18 states that if an external force F acts on a body, the work done by the force when the body moves along the path s. This caused the work of a variable force for both chapters are different which in Chapter 14 the equation for work of a variable force is U1-2 = ∫_r1^r2▒〖F. dr 〗= ∫_s1^s2▒〖F cos θ ds 〗, while the equation for work of a variable force for Chapter 18 is UF = ∫▒〖F . dr= …show more content…
Chapter 14 obtain the principle of work and energy by combined the equation of motion in the tangential direction, ƩFt = mat with kinematics equation at ds = v dv. For application, the free body diagram of the particle should be drawn in order to identify the forces that do work. However, Chapter 18 use kinetic energy that the sum of both its rotational and translational kinetic energy and work done by all external forces and couple moments acting on the body as the body moves from its initial to its final position. For application of Chapter 18, a free-body diagram should be drawn in order to account for the work of all of the forces and couple moments that act on the body as it moves along the
Oatis C. (2009) Kinesiology: The Mechanics & Pathomechanics of Human Movement (Second ed.). Glenside, Pennsylvania: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
A baseball pitcher throws a baseball across the plate and the batter hits it to center field, and elderly man pitches horseshoes, a young person spikes a volleyball, student practices driving a golf ball while a college athlete practices punting a football. Once more, as is the case with pushing and pulling, a widely diverse set of activities has a common denominator. Each of these activities involves sequential movement of the body segments resulting in the production of a summated velocity at the end of the chain of segments used. The path produced by the end point of this chain of segments is curvilinear in nature. Sequential segmental motions are most frequently used to produce high velocities in external objects. Depending on the objective of the skill, speed, accuracy, distance, or some combination, modifications in the sequential pattern may be involved, larger or smaller ranges of motion might be used, and longer of shorter lever lengths may be chosen. Regardless of the modifications, the basic nature of the sequential throwing, striking or kicking pattern remains the same.
For over two hundred centuries, mankind has wrestled with the problem of how to hit an object with another object. From the earliest days of the bow and arrow, to today's modern missile defense system, the need to achieve maximum accuracy and distance from a projectile has been critical to the survival of the human race. There are numerous of ways to solve the problem ranging from trial and error—as early man did—to advanced mathematics including trigonometry and calculus. (While the specific mathematical operations are beyond the scope of this work, we will briefly touch on the equations of motion and how they apply to projectile motion as the project progresses.)
In this inquiry the relationship between force and mass was studied. This inquiry presents a question: when mass is increased is the force required to move it at a constant velocity increased, and how large will the increase be? It is obvious that more massive objects takes more force to move but the increase will be either linear or exponential. To hypothesize this point drawing from empirical data is necessary. When pulling an object on the ground it is discovered that to drag a four-kilogram object is not four times harder than dragging a two-kilogram object. I hypothesize that increasing the mass will increase the force needed to move the mass at a constant rate, these increases will have a liner relationship.
Kinematics unlike Newton’s three laws is the study of the motion of objects. The “Kinematic Equations” all have four variables.These equations can help us understand and predict an object’s motion. The four equations use the following variables; displacement of the object, the time the object was moving, the acceleration of the object, the initial velocity of the object and the final velocity of the object. While Newton’s three laws have co-operated to help create and improve the study of
The Volume Library, vol. I, Physics: Newton's Law of Motion. Pg. 436. The Southwestern Company, Nashville, Tennessee, 1988.
Kirkpatrick, Larry D., Gerald F. Wheeler. Physics A World View. 4th ed. Fort Worth: Harcourt, 2001. 273-278.
Motion study was mainly used in American Industry. The goal of this study was to eliminate unnecessary effort used in the industry to as low as possible. The improvement of a job task while increasing productivity was the result. The American industrial sector was used because it was expanding during this time and America needed to improve industrial techniques to remain competitive against other countries. Motion study analyzed every detailed in the operation to perform a particular task and determined the method which used the least amount of energy. An example of this research is the assembly of piece used in the production of the braider manufactured by the New England Butt Company (Gilberth 1917). After analysis using motion study there was a three hundred and fifty percent increase in production with no increase in worker fatigue (Gilbreth 1917). The analysis consisted of what is the unit of measure, the difference methods used, and devices needed. All three are needed to be incorporated to obtain a result.
Explain, using diagrams, armature reaction in a dc motor, the effects it has on the motor and methods to reduce it.
Thermodynamics is the branch of science concerned with the nature of heat and its conversion to any form of energy. In thermodynamics, both the thermodynamic system and its environment are considered. A thermodynamic system, in general, is defined by its volume, pressure, temperature, and chemical make-up. In general, the environment will contain heat sources with unlimited heat capacity allowing it to give and receive heat without changing its temperature. Whenever the conditions change, the thermodynamic system will respond by changing its state; the temperature, volume, pressure, or chemical make-up will adjust accordingly in order to reach its original state of equilibrium. There are three laws of thermodynamics in which the changing system can follow in order to return to equilibrium.
Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. There are three forms of kinetic energy: vibrational, rotational, and translational. First, translational kinetic energy, the amount of translational kinetic energy that an object has depends upon two variables: the mass of the object and the speed of the object. Second, rotational kinetic energy, or angular kinetic energy, is kinetic energy. The rotation of an object is part of its total kinetic energy, looking at rotational energy separately around an object's axis of rotation. Vibrational kinetic energy is the kinetic energy an object because of
Since not many people are martial artists and will have difficulty relating to Bruce Lee, we’ll look at the process of entrainment using a different example that most people will have some experience in. Also, since the process of entrainment varies with every individual in their various experiences, and will prove quite impossible to describe in abstract mechanics, our example will be a specific and isolated occurrence. The example will be of a student’s experience while studying.
On January 4, 1643 in Woolsthorpe, England, one of the world’s greatest mathematician and physicist was born. At the age of 12 he began to attend King’s School, up until his mother pulled him out to become a farmer. Due to his lack of being successful in farming, he was sent back to school to finish his basic education. Later Newton entered into the University of Cambridge, and during his time there Newton became interested in the sciences and began to write a set of notes called, “"Quaestiones Quaedam Philosophicae", also called, “Certain Philosophical Questions" which in time would provide to be “the backbone of the Scientific Revolution,” (Bio.com). Newton ended up graduating from Cambridge with the title of a scholar. Due to a breakout
When a molecule vibrates, the atoms get displaced from their respective equilibrium positions. Consider a set of generalized co-ordinates q_1,q_2,q_3……… q_n (the displacements of the N atoms from their equilibrium positions) in order to formulate the theory of small vibration. As these generalized coordinates do not involve the time explicitly, so classically, kinetic energy (T) is given by
Here, we can use the vectors to use the Pythagorean Theorem, a2 + b2 = c2, to find the speed and angle of the object, which was used in previous equations.