I. INTRODUCTION
Established in 1969 in Rabat, Morocco, the organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) was established to promote and consolidate the unity and solidarity among its Member States, protect Member States and solve their problem. With 57 Member States, OIC is the second largest organisation after the United Nations. OIC can be regarded as global organization than a regional organization due to its membership from different continents of 1.4 billion people.
The administrative structure of OIC is almost similar to other international organizations such as the United Nations. The administration of OIC consists of OIC Summit, Council of Foreign Ministers, Standing Committees, Executive Committee, International Islamic Court of Justice, Independent Permanent Commission of Human Rights, Committee of Permanent Representatives, General Secretariat, Subsidiary Organs, Specialized Institutions and other Affiliated Institutions.
After four decades of inception, the OIC changed its name Islamic ‘Conference’ to ‘Cooperation’ to reflect the importance of the organization to the Islamic Community. The transformation includes remodelling of its Charter which affects OIC core values encompassing human rights, good governance, rules of law, women empowerment and anti-corruption measures. Besides that, the remodelled Charter clearly determines OIC membership requirement, in which allows any UN Member States with a Muslim majority population to be a member of the OIC should they pledge to comply with the charter, pending approval form the OIC Foreign Ministers Council. It also states that UN members and other organisations can become observers through a consensus decision by the Council.
This research paper is meant to identi...
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...sation that able to defend the Member States and play an active role in advancing not only the political but also the economic agenda of the OIC. The Member States are in dire need of a vibrant action-oriented organization that implement practical, workable and doable projects and initiatives with tangible result.
The OIC should formulate the best initiatives, adopt best practices and means for defending and advancing the Member States common interests. The organisation must have a clear roadmap for procedural and economic reform and an action plan to fortify integrity among Member States. It is hoped that the diversity of its Member States is glued by unity, as outlined by Islam, the core principle of OIC. Paradigm shift undertaken by OIC will eventually help the organisation to achieve its vision and common goals, and to act collectively, as one solid Ummah.
After the conclusion of the Second World War, the United Nations (UN) replaced the ineffective League of Nations and its job was to protect humans rights and prevent future wars like World War 2. The “Big Three” — who were US President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British prime minister Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin, leader of the Soviet Union— held a meeting in the soviet city of Yalta to discuss terms for the up coming peace treaty, which included talks about a “world organization.” “This organization— which Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin said was essential ‘to prevent aggression and to remove political, economic, and social causes of war through close and continuing collaboration of all peace-loving peoples’ — was to be called the United Nations (Patterson 7).” The United Nations is one of the first steps towards the idea of globalization. That the entire world is beginning to connect on social, political, and economic levels and now with the United Nations this process directly connects with the governments involved in the UN to help countries in social, economic, and/or political turmoil.
Fifty-eight years after the signing of the Charter, the world has changed dramatically. Its universal character and comprehensiveness make the United Nations a unique and indispensable forum for governments to work together to address global issues. At the same time, there remains a large gap between aspiration and real accomplishment. There have been many successes and many failures. The United Nations is a bureaucracy that struggles – understandably – in its attempt to bring together 191 countries. It must come at no surprise, therefore, that a consensus cannot always be reached with so many different competing voices.
We are here to build a solid foundation with our fellow people across seas. In this area, we’re not only focusing on one primary purpose but much a vast of critical structures. We plan to first and foremost be to create a world peace and a secure global environment. This will guarantee a form of union where leaders of different nations/countries can discuss the issues that have occurred and form a solution in which all can agree with working together. This will allow a balance of power amongst the nations. Lastly, we want to build an establishment that handles foreign trade and global
3. The UN structure is a very well thought-out one. The UN contains over 150 countries, with 5 main heads of state. These 5 countries are America, France, Great Britain, Russia and China. The 5 head countries always make the decision on whether to help a country that is in need or not. The basic structure is that there is a general assembly, which is the head of the UN. Off that there are 5 separately run systems, which are International court of justice, Economic and social council, Security Council, secretariat and the trainee council. All have different, yet major roles in striving to make the UN a success.
The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe is a regional security based organization. This organization is unique in many ways and has been contributing to the security of its members and neighbors since 1975. The OSCE has had a busy history from the Cold War and beyond. With the end of the Cold War major shifts have come about in the area of international security that this organization primarily deals with. The OSCE is now facing a new era where it needs to convince its members that it still has a role to play.
Globalization has led to several substantial changes in global governance and the entities participating in governance activities. First, over the past 70 years, an increasing number of nations have signed onto international agreements. For example, when the Global Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was created in 1947, it had no institutional structure; by 2009, though, more than 150 nations – accounting for 97% of world trade – were members of GATT’s successor, the World Trade Organization (Fidler, 2009). The World Health Organization, started in 1946, now comprises 194 member states and has nearly 150 country offices (Council on Foreign Relations, 2012). In both of these entities – and in others, such as the Genera...
The United Nations Organisation was founded on 24 October 1945 with 51 member states and this number has since grown to 192 Member States. The UN was founded to bring all nations of the world together to strive for peace and development based on the principles of justice, human dignity and the well being of all people. It is made up of 6 principle organs: Trusteeship Council, Security Council, General Assembly, International Court of Justice, Economic and Social Council and Secretariat.
...ment and well-being. It is clear that without the ongoing presence and work of international organisations, the international system would be in a far worse and more chaotic state, with a far greater chance for a civil war to breakout. They also are a major player in helping develop states political and economical systems.
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) began in 1989 in reaction to the developing interdependence among Asia-Pacific economies. At first this organization was a group that met unofficially. APEC now has become the crucial provincial conduit for encouraging open trade and realistic economic cooperation. It’s objective is to progress Asia-Pacific economic vitality and the essence of the people.
Agenda 21 concentrates on the urgent problems of today and also aspires to prepare the world for the challenges of the next century. It reflects a global agreement and political commitment at the highest level on development and environment teamwork. Its successful completion is first and foremost the responsibility of Governments. National strategies, plans, policies and processes are essential in accomplishing this. International cooperation should support and supplement such national efforts. In this context, the United Nations system has a key role to play. Other international, regional and sub regional organizations are also called upon to contribute to this effort. The broadest public participation and the active involvement of the non-governmental organizations and other groups should also be encouraged.
The other kind of International Organization (IO) is the NGO which are primarily non-profit private organizations that engage in a variety of international activities (Pease, 2012 p. 4). They are able to particip...
Organization is place where people come together to achieve a common goals or purpose. “Organization is a consciously coordinated social unit composed of two or more people that functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals” (Robbins, & Judge, 2003).
According to the Commission on Global Governance (1995), global governance refers to “the sum of the many ways individuals and institutions, public and private, manage their common affairs. It is the continuing process through which conflict or diverse interests may be accommodated and cooperative action may be taken”. Some main actors involved in the process of global governance include states, international organizations (IOs), regional organizations (ROs) and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Global governance implements in various issue areas including security, economic deelopment, environmental protection and so on. Different states and organizations have different or even conflicting interests. Yet as globalisation continues and the world becomes more inter-connected than ever before, global governance or cooperation among different actors is increasingly taking a more significant role in the international stage. Some critics view global governance quite negatively as they believe that the current system lacks efficiency and effectiveness. In this paper, however, I shall argue that global governance is carried out more effectively in maintenance of world security and promotion of economic development while less effectively in environmental protection and preservation. Thus, despite limitations of the existing mechanism, global governance is still largely a postive development in world affairs.
Although, international organizations are largely influenced by the powerful states they contain and reflect those states’ interests, international organizations provide essential forums for communication, and encourage education of new international norms, which in turn, shape the interests and behaviors of states.
Child J (2005) Organization; contemporary principles and practice, 1st Edition, Blackwell Publishing Ltd pp. 3-15