Organization is place where people come together to achieve a common goals or purpose. “Organization is a consciously coordinated social unit composed of two or more people that functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals” (Robbins, & Judge, 2003).
Organization is a group of people or a structured unit that works together to achieve collective goals. Every organization has their set of rules and policies. For this purpose a management structure is designed to assign role, responsibilities, activities, and authority to its members to carry different tasks. These roles and responsibilities affect and are affected by the environment of organizations (Business Dictionary, 2016).
Every organization has a management
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“Power is the capacity or ability to direct or influence the behavior of others or the course of events” (Oxford Dictionaries, 2016). People in power have the responsibility and authority to control the employees with justice and fair play. According to Social psychological research, the center concern of human being is justice (e.g., Lerner, 1982).
Organizational Justice
Justice means that the behavior, action or reaction, is morally correct and is according to the ethics, religion, fairness, equity and law. People’s perception about organization justice and their decisions of fair or unfair can influence their own attitudes and behaviors (Tabibnia, Satpute, & Lieberman, 2008). In industrial organization psychology, justice in organization got much attention of researchers. Fairness in organization is becoming a central interest these days because perception of the presence of justice in organization influences many positive outcomes and motivation in work place (Latham & Pinder, 2005). Fairness, in an organization, is an important component to bring positive outcomes by employees as it lessens the turnover ratio, intervenes with organizational citizenship behavior and job
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and whether the decision and distribution of organization resources or rewards is fairly done (citation needed) as it was preplanned according to the criteria. Employees like the fair distribution of rewards and resources and as a result they get emotionally attached to the organization and gives their best input to organizations (Cremer et al., 2004).
Procedural Justice is the perception of the procedure, through which outcomes are received by an employee, is fair and equal (Greenberg, 2008). According to Konovsky (2000) procedural justice is about the process of decision making. It includes the equal practice of rules and regulations for every employee (Colquitt and Chertkoff, 2002).
Interpersonal Justice is when employees observe the manner in which they are treated by others (Greenberg, 2008). The idea of interpersonal justice was given by Bies and Moag
organization: it goes beyond that. It is a concept, a people's movement, an idea. The concept of
By definition justice means the quality of being just or fair. The issue then stands, is justice fair for everyone? Justice is the administration of law, the act of determining rights and assigning rewards or punishments, "justice deferred is justice denied.” The terms of Justice is brought up in Henry David Thoreau’s writing, “Civil Disobedience.”
Justice is defined in many different ways, one referring to a form of judgment that provides order in a situation. Justice offers a fair punishment that fits the offense. The term holds a positive connotation, in contrast to the word injustice.
Moral rightness and fairness are two alternate ways of saying justice. Justice is defined in a legal dictionary on law.com as “a scheme or system of law in which every person receives his/ her/its due from the system, including all rights, both natural and legal.” There are many different opinions on the law and justice systems in America, many of which are not particularly positive. Law.com also states, one problem can be found in the attorneys, judges, and legislators, as they tend to get caught up more in the procedure than actually achieving justice for the people. While others say that our law system is not interested in finding out the truth, but more criticisms can also be seen in Herman Melville’s story, “Bartleby, the Scrivener.” Melville
Sheppard, B.H., Lewicki, R.J. & Minton, J.W. (1992). Organizational Justice: The Search for Fairness in the Workplace. New York: Lexington Books.
In correlating the scores from the Self-Assessment Exercise located on pages 58-59 of our text book I have discovered that the fairness for which I score my place of work, and the organization for which I work, the highest is in fact Interpersonal Justice; for which my combines score totaled 13 out of a possible 15. This places Interpersonal justice at a very high overall level of perceived justice for me. And I can think of many reason ranging from the broad to the personal, and from the historic to the current, which all could be contributors to my having this perception.
Organization is the function of assembling and coordinating human, financial, physical, informational and other resources needed to achieve goals. Without this function, my business would have folded in the first week. I have midlevel managers to gather together my employees, and discuss the plans for the week. Specific shoe styles must be displayed and organized in a certain order. Information must be disseminated to our marketing team so they know who we are targeting and what steps to take to increase our visibility and productivity. Organizing is not something just one person can do alone. For this function to work, it will take the entire team to pull together for us to triumphant.
1. Justice - Justice, as defined by the Criminal Justice Today textbook, is "The principle of fairness; the ideal of moral equity" (Schmalleger 10). Ideally, the definition of justice is composed of fairness, moral rightness, and a scheme or system of law in which every person receives his or her due from the system, including all rights, both natural and legal. Justice can also be defined as "The maintenance or administration of what is just especially by the impartial adjustment of conflicting claims or the assignment of merited rewards or punishments" (Merriam-Webster). An example of justice would be someone being set free from prison after DNA evidence shows they are innocent.
Of course I looked “justice” up in the dictionary before I started to write this paper and I didn’t find anything of interest except of course a common word in every definition, that being “fair”. This implies that justice would have something to do with being fair. I thought that if one of the things the law and legal system are about is maintaining and promoting justice and a sense of “fairness”, they might not be doing such a spiffy job. An eye for an eye is fair? No, that would be too easy, too black and white. I could cite several examples where I thought a judge’s or jury’s ruling was not fair, but I won’t because frankly, we’ve all seen those.
Essentially, “justice is the quality of being impartial, fair, and just” (Pollsky, 2012, p.53). Furthermore, the act of being just is derived from the latin word “jus” which translates to matters involving laws or rules (Pollsky, 2012, p.53). There are three types of justice and they each differ in matters of circumstance: firstly, distributive justice attempts to provide equality for each individual; corrective justice attempts to reverse an unfair advantage, provide a remedy to the problem, and show equality within the population; lastly, reciprocal justice provides the notion of equality amongst freely exchanged goods amongst individuals.
Justice is a very interesting concept. As an idea it is often very difficult to define because justice is often perceived differently by each individual to whom it is applied. Even today, there are many definitions by which it operates. Each of these different definitions has been informed to some degree by the work of either Rousseau, Hume, or Kant. Each philosopher took a vastly different stance on what constituted justice and the manner in which justice functioned in society. Rousseau believed very simply that justice was reflective of the common will. Hume believed that justice was little more than an “artificial virtue” and only
Justice means doing benevolent actions for the betterment of humanity. Justice is defined as the “maintenance of legal, social, or moral principles by the exercise of authority or power; assignment of deserved reward or punishment” (Brown 1466). The presence of justice sustains the moral values present in society. The word justice originated in 1140 and it has not changed in spelling nor has it changed in meaning over time. Justice comes from the French word justise, meaning upright and equitable (Barnhart 409). Upright, also means a structural column which holds what is above it. This is similar to justice, that is like a pillar that supports civilization and it is necessary for the functioning of society. Likewise, equity is necessary in order to achieve fairness . The law, a common synonym for justice, maintains order and regulation (Urdang 250). This synonym echoes the other ideas linked with justice. All of these meanings are necessary to have an ideal society with the presence of justice.
Organization is formed by a group of people who work together. No matter the organization is a profit making ones or non-profit making ones, its formations are to achieve a common purpose or variety of goals, which are the desired future outcomes. The outcomes might be producing a series of product or serving a group of target customers or satisfying others¡¦ needs.
Power is defined in the course study notes as the “ability of individuals or groups to get what they want despite the opposition”. Power is derived from a variety of sources including knowledge, experience and environmental uncertainties (Denhardt et al, 2001). It is also important to recognize that power is specific to each situation. Individuals or groups that may be entirely powerful in one situation may find themselves with little or no power in another. The county Registrar of Voters, who is my boss, is a perfect example. In running the local elections office, she can exercise the ultimate power. However, in a situation where she attempted to get the county selected for a desirable, statewide pilot project, she was powerless, completely at the mercy of the Secretary of State. Power is difficult to measure and even to recognize, yet it plays a major role in explaining authority. In organizations, power is most likely exercised in situations where “the stakes are high, resources are limited, and goals and processes are unclear” (Denhardt et al, 2001). The absence of power in organizations forces us to rely on soley hierarchical authority.
Justice is about giving someone what he deserves (Heywood, 2012). According to Heywood(2012), “Justice is a moral standard of fairness and impartiality…” (Heywood, 2012, p. 33). Liberal theory of justice is based on a belief of equality (Heywood, 2012). Equal opportunity means that employment and services should be equally accessible for everyone. The two principles of justice are stand for to match society`s judgements about what is just and unjust (Farrelly, 2004).