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Research essay on children trauma
Review of literature on childhood trauma
Childhood trauma literature review
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There has been an enormous amount of research, going back almost thirty years, about the relationship between childhood trauma, and juvenile delinquency. Many researches cannot say that there is a direct link between the two, but after much research, researches have found that childhood trauma can perhaps be a predictor for juveniles who later in life commit crimes. Trauma is defined as, “a disordered psychic or behavioral state resulting from severe mental or emotional stress or physical injury,” because the definition is broad and can range from a variety of different events, for the purpose of this paper, the focus will be on neglect trauma in juveniles (Trauma, 2016). Neglect according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services is, “the failure of a parent or other person with the responsibility for the child to provide needed food, …show more content…
In 2008, according to the U.S. Department of Human Services, of all the maltreatment cases “71.1% of those were neglect” (Kazemaian, 2011). Many researchers, (Mersky and Reynolds’, Dierkhising, Kerig, Buffington, Ford, Topitzes, and Ryan, Widom and Maxfield) have studied the topic of neglect trauma and juvenile delinquency extensively, and have all established that although there is no proof that neglect can cause delinquency, there is a strong relationship between the two and have found neglect can play a critical role in later offending. Other researchers (Cohen, Smailes, and Brown) on the other hand have found little to no correlation between neglect trauma and later delinquency. Where as the last remaining researches (Stewart, Hoeve, Tyler, Bright, Widom, Williams, Unnever) have taken another standpoint, to could explain the child’s delinquent behavior such as, the timing of the neglect, the duration of the neglect, gender, and parent-child
McCoy, M. L., & Keen, S. M., (2009). Child abuse and neglect. New York: Psychology Press.
In conclusion, Child abuse and neglect is more common in children’s lives today. A child may be harmed and be right in front of us and we do not even know it. We have to watch out for the signs and symptoms to try and help a child out. We may not even realize it till it is too late. The effect can appear in all aspects of life, rather it being psychological or behavioral. These effects can range from anything such as minor physical injury, not getting along with others, or become aggressive and affect them later on in life.
Three broad behaviors are especially notable in understanding this concept. A father’s presence in a youth’s life, his criminal record, and the way he interacts with his children may contribute to youth delinquency. The lack of his presence may result in poverty, poor monitoring, and increased delinquent socialization. His criminal record may influence the record of his youth, or may inhibit the father’s ability to work out of poverty conditions. Finally, abuse and neglect affect a child emotionally, physically, and mentally. These actions can result
Trickett, P. K., & McBride-Chang, C. (1995). The developmental impact of different forms of child abuse and neglect. Developmental Review 15, 311-337.
More or less then 70,000 children are incarcerated in US juvenile jail. Researchers have determined and proven that child abuse, one of the main cause, can reflect the delinquent behavior which can also lead them to be involved in the juvenile justice system (Maxfield, 1996). Childhood experiences of abuse and neglect have been linked to numerous poor developmental outcomes, including serious and violent juvenile delinquency (Reid, 1998). Mistreatment of the children experiences can be defined as a physical, emotional, sexual, pattern of failure to provide for the child's physical needs, such as food, clothing, shelter, and medical care; a pattern of failure to provide for the child's emotional needs, such as affection, attention, and supervision. While an amount of risk factors have been identi...
A child’s guardian or parent ignores the signs of an abused child, which leads to a malfunction to the child. The guardian or parent fails to seek a psychological therapist which can help intervene to cause less psychological problems. The mistreatment that the child received affects a child’s mentality, brain size, and development due to the lack of a psychological therapist. The abuse that a child receives causes a child to malfunction, since they felt that they were not protected and were harmed. Although people state that one knows the meaning of abuse, yet they lack the extent and limitations of the term “abuse.” According to the article of “Definitions of Child Abuse and Neglect”, the definition is clearly stated by the government of what should be considered abuse and neglect which consists, “Any recent act or failure to act on
Trauma is the fourth leading cause of death overall for all ages in the United States. Trauma is
Lamont, A. (2010). Effects of child abuse and neglect for children and adolescents [Family study]. Retrieved from Australian institute of family studies: www.aifs.gov.au
“Each year, Child Protective Services receives reports of child abuse and neglect involving six million children, and many go unreported” (New Directions). The article New Directions in Child Abuse and Neglect Research, explores the need for research of the long-term affects of child abuse and neglect, not only on the victims, but also on their families, future relationships, and other people out in the community. Current research has brought to life the long-term developmental and biological challenges that abuse victims deal with long after an event occurs. A problem that current researchers face when striving to learn more about the long-term affects of child abuse is a lack of funds. Money drives a lot of things in this world, and research is one of those things. The current funds for this type of research has been spread very thin over numerous organizations that deal with child abuse. In this article, New Directions in Child Abuse and Neglect Research, new ideas for spreading these funds have been talked about and plans have been devised.
Child maltreatment can affect any child, usually aged 0-18, and it occurs across socioeconomic, religious, ethnic or even educational backgrounds. Arguably, child abuse and neglect is a violation of basic human rights of a child resulting from social, familial, psychological and economic factors (Kiran, 2011). Familial factors include lack of support, poverty, single parenthood, and domestic violence among others, (McCoy and Keen, 2009). The common types of child maltreatment include physical abuse, emotional maltreatment, neglect, and sexual abuse among others. Abuse and neglect can lead to a variety of impacts on children and young people such as physical, behavioral as well as psychological consequences which will affect the development and growth of the child either positively or negatively based on the environment and agency. More so, emotional, cognitive and physical developmental impacts from child neglect in the early stages of childhood can be carried on into adulthood. Research findings reveal that the experience of maltreatment can cause major long-term consequences on all aspects of a child’s health, growth as well as intellectual development and mental wellbeing, and these effects can impair their functioning as adults. Commonly, the act of abuse/ or neglect toward a child affects the child’s physical, behavioral development and growth, which can be positive or negative, depending on the child’s environment and agency. Another way to understand how the act has affected the child is to look at the child for who they are, and interviewing and observing their behaviors of their everyday life.
What distinguishes neglect from additional forms of maltreatment is its inherent omission of behaviour rather than a commission of behaviour, as in the case of physical or sexual abuses (Sagatun & Edwards, 1995; Zuravin, 1991). Over recent years, it has been increasingly recognized that child neglect has a more severe and adverse impact on children’s development than abuse (Hildyard and Wolfe 2002; Trickett and McBride-Chang 1995).
Trauma relates to a type of damage to the mind that comes from a severely distressing event. A traumatic event relates to an experience or repeating events that overwhelmingly precipitated in weeks, months, or decades as one tries to cope with the current situations that can cause negative consequences. People’s general reaction to these events includes intense fear, helplessness or horror. When children experience trauma, they show disorganized or agitative behavior. In addition, the trigger of traumas includes some of the following, harassment, embarrassment, abandonment, abusive relationships, rejection, co-dependence, and many others. Long-term exposure to these events, homelessness, and mild abuse general psychological
As long as we conceive young persons as in need of care, the issue of neglect and abuse cannot be understood without considering the aspect put forth by Bubeck(1995) and Gilligan (1982) in their seminal works. Gilligan discuss the conditions when one has an obligation to care: when a relationship exists; when a need for care exists and when one has the ability to provide care. Thus, a state of lack of care can be said to be associated with risk factors of child abuse and neglect in the case of young individuals.
Failure to provide a child with basic necessary needs is known as neglect. Neglect has become the most common form of child abuse, and its effects have been recognized as the most detrimental to a child’s development. According to Zorika Petic Henderson’s article “Maltreated Children Fail in School”, Childr...
In life, many things are taken for granted on a customary basis. For example, we wake up in the morning and routinely expect to see and hear from certain people. Most people live daily life with the unsighted notion that every important individual in their lives at the moment, will exist there tomorrow. However, in actuality, such is not the case. I too fell victim to the routine familiarity of expectation, until the day reality taught me otherwise.