Interpreting Contingency Table Results Introduction American jails are faced with numerous staffing problems such as the inability to recruit an adequate number of highly qualified staff and increased staff turnover (Stinchcomb & Leip, 2011; Stinchcomb & Leip, 2013). These problems are attributable to the extensive functions that jails have to undertake, coupled with inadequate funding. Consequently, jail staff have to contend with high-pressure work environments that negatively affect their morale. In this regard, this report is based on the results of the analyses performed using the National Jail Staff Data. The report will provide insights to the National Sheriff’s Association (NSA) and Sherriff Greg Champagne, the NSA president, on the …show more content…
the variable for gender (male or female) is used as the intervention or control variable while the variable assessing commitment to agency (committed or not committed) is set as the dependent variable. Both gender and commitment to agency are nominal level measurements comprising two categories each. The independent variables include variables assessing whether the current pay is commensurate to the skills, education and experience of the jail staff, employee involvement in decision-making and whether the junior staff are accorded respect by the senior staff. All the independent variables are nominal level measurements with two categories each (yes or …show more content…
Similarly, among the females who reported not being paid for what their skills, education and experience are worth, 87.7% are highly likely to be committed while 12.3% are less likely to be committed. The relationship between compensation and commitment to agency is significant, 2(1, N = 1773) = 7.48, p < .05. Based on the value of Lambda, there is a 0.5% reduction in error when compensation is used to predict commitment to agency. The values of Phi and Cramer’s V are significant, p’s < .05, which indicates a weak relationship between compensation and commitment to agency (Fletcher,
Someone, suspected of a crime, is arrested by police. Later on, the suspect goes to court to face their charges. A classic episode of Law & Order. But, where do these suspects go in between the two events. They are held in their local jail of course. While people are familiar with the arrest and courtroom scenes from TV, many are unfamiliar with the jail scene, which becomes home to the suspects who cannot make bail until a court rules a verdict for their case.
As a newly promoted Lieutenant in charge of jail operations in the Houston Police Department (HPD), there are several critical issues regarding the jail environment that require immediate attention such as, inadequate conditions of confinement, health care, security measures, and sexual misconduct between correctional officers and inmates. The aforementioned issues are a controversial topic all across the U.S. and it usually attracts media attention and creates negative publicity towards the Department of Corrections. A lieutenant of jail operations is responsible for his or he shift and oversees multiple areas of the jail facility. Responsibilities of a jail lieutenant includes but is not limited to the following: (1) coordinate shift activities;
Peak, K. J. (2013). Policing America, Vitalsource for Kaplan University [VitalSouce bookshelf version]. Retrieved from http://splashurl.com/qc99jsl
There are two different kinds of influences on prison misconduct, there is the combined characteristics of the inmates themselves, and the combined characteristics of the staff in control of them (Camp, Gaes, Langan, Saylor (2003). Prison misconduct has been classified into significant fields related to drug use, violence, property offenses, prison accountability and escapes, security-related offenses, security offenses interfering with daily operations, along with a residual category (Camp, Gaes, Langan, Saylor (2003). Misconduct spoils the effective procedure of the correctional institution, detracting from its capability to present the intentional services to the superior society (Goetting & Howsen (1986).
Peak, K. J. (2006). Views. In K. J. Peak, Policing America: Methods/Issues/Challenges (p. 263). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
The cut of budget has been an issue in the American correctional system. According to an instructor in the criminal justice program at the University of Phoenix Salem Learning Center said that when the cut of budget is slashed many correctional facilities must shut down (Ramos, 2012). Recently, four state prisons had been part of the shut-down in the United States, such as Monterey Shock in Schuyler County, and three medium security facilities including; Wayne County, Chateauguay in Franklin County and Mt. McGregor in Saratoga County (Hughes, 2013). The problem appears to be drastic because when correctional facilities face this issue, inmates should be transferred to other correctional facilities and staff have to be willing to relocate to other correctional facilities.
On 4/3/2016, I was assigned as the Dock officer at the Lower Buckeye Jail, located at the above address.
In the 1970s and 1980s, a massive amount of inmates began fillin up the United States prison systems. This huge rate of growth in this short amount of time, has greatly contributed to the prison overcrowding that the United States faces today. In fact, the prisons are still filled to the seams. This enormous flood of inmates has made it practically impossible for prison officials to keep up with their facilities and supervise their inmates. One of the main reasons why many prisons have become overcrowded is because of states’ harsh criminal laws and parole practices (Cohen). “One in every 100 American adults is behind bars, the highest incarceration rate in the world” (Cohen). The amount of inmates in corrections systems, throughout the nation, sky-rocketed to 708 percent between 1972 and 2008. Today, there are about 145,000 inmates occupying areas only designed for 80,000 (Posner). Peter Mosko, “an assistant professor of Law, Police Science and Criminal Justice at New York’s John Jay College of Criminal Justice” (Frazier) stated, “America, with 2.3 million people behind bars, has more prisoners than soldiers” (Frazier). There have been studies that have shown “there are more men and women in prison than ever before. The number of inmates grew by an average of 1,600 a week. The U. S. has the highest rate of crime in the world” (Clark). Because of this influx in inmates, many prisoners’ rights groups have filed lawsuits charging that “overcrowded prisons violate the Constitution’s 8th Amendment ban on cruel and unusual punishment” (Clark). It is clear that the United States corrections system needs to be reformed in order to eliminate this problem. Prison overcrowding is a serious issue in society due to the fact it affects prison ...
There is roughly 2.4 million people locked up in the United states. This statistic surprises everyone and automatically makes them think about the conditions of the prisoners. Even though prisoners have to deal with harsh conditions, most people do not think about the effects of prisons on correctional officers. Even though some may argue that prison conditions are too harsh, correctional officers still have to endure the same conditions as prisoners even though they are not the ones that are locked up. Correctional officers have to endure violence from inmates, intense stress that can cause psychological problems, and stress on families.
The jobs of correctional officer are some times overlooked. Correctional officers are playing a huge role in society because they need to perform important tasks. A correctional officer’s job is not easy and can become very stressful at times. Correctional officers are required to enforce and keep order, supervise inmates, help counsel offenders, search inmate cells for contraband, and also report on inmate actions. Correctional officers need to contain power over the prisoners in order to enforce the rules of the prison, or else the prison will not function correctly. In the book, Conover says, “The essential relationship inside a prison is the one between a guard and an inmate…the guard, it is thought, wields all the power, but in truth the inmate has power too” (Conover, p. 207). In the book, the importance of power the prisoner’s hold can be seen through the sudden increase of prisoners, the Stanford Prison Experiment and through the contraband they make.
The “Tough on Crime” and “War on Drugs” policies of the 1970s – 1980s have caused an over populated prison system where incarceration is policy and assistance for prevention was placed on the back burner. As of 2005, a little fewer than 2,000 prisoners are being released every day. These individuals have not gone through treatment or been properly assisted in reentering society. This has caused individuals to reenter the prison system after only a year of being release and this problem will not go away, but will get worst if current thinking does not change. This change must be bigger than putting in place some under funded programs that do not provide support. As the current cost of incarceration is around $30,000 a year per inmate, change to the system/procedure must prevent recidivism and the current problem of over-crowed prisons.
The data gathered in the Teplin, Abram & McClelland (1994) research was conducted in the Cook county jail in Chicago during a six year period, using interview techniques during the intake process of 728 inmates. They then tracked the participants over the six years by monitoring their rap sheets. What sets this research apart from the others is that they utilized the population of a jail versus a prison. Typically, once in prison, the time spent there is long whereas in jail, the incarceration time is usually much shorter as the inmates are in jail for lesser crimes or are awaiting trial. In any case, there is a larger turnaround and more opportunity to obtain diverse long term data.
Firstly, in order to gain a better understanding of the problems that plague or correctional system we must fully understand the enormous overcrowding problem that exist in the majority of or state and federal prisons. Since 1980 the prison population has quadrupled and only the numb...
Time may pass and personal morals may change, but one of the strengths of the United States of America is its unwavering dedication to justice. Throughout time, this country’s methods and laws have grown and adapted, but the basis of the law enforcement’s work has remained the same: the safety and interest of the people.
Meyer, H. H. (1975). The Pay-for-Performance Dilemma. Organizational Dynamics, 3, 39-50. Print. 8 Feb. 2014.